History Causes of World War I. World War I (1914–1918) Imperial, territorial, and economic...
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Transcript of History Causes of World War I. World War I (1914–1918) Imperial, territorial, and economic...
HistoryCauses of World War I
World War I (1914–1918)
Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led
to the “Great War” between the Central Powers
(Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and
Turkey) and the Allies (U.S., Britain, France,
Russia, Belgium, Serbia, Greece, Romania,
Montenegro, Portugal, Italy, and Japan). About
10 million combatants killed, 20 million
wounded.
The War Begins
Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated in Sarajevo by Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip (June 28). Austria declares war on Serbia (July 28). Germany declares war on Russia (Aug. 1), on France (Aug. 3), invades Belgium (Aug. 4). Britain declares war on Germany (Aug. 4). Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg on Eastern Front (Aug.). First Battle of the Marne (Sept.). German drive stopped 25 miles from Paris. By end of year, war on the Western Front is “positional” in the trenches.
The Western Front
1915
German submarine blockade of Great Britain begins (Feb.). Dardanelles Campaign—British land in Turkey (April), withdraw from Gallipoli (Dec.–Jan. 1916). Germans use gas at second Battle of Ypres (April–May). Lusitania sunk by German submarine—1,198 lost, including 128 Americans (May 7). On Eastern Front, German and Austrian “great offensive” conquers all of Poland and Lithuania; Russians lose 1 million men (by Sept. 6). “Great Fall Offensive” by Allies results in little change from 1914 (Sept.–Oct.). Britain and France declare war on Bulgaria (Oct. 14).
May 17, 1915
May 7, 1915 brought the United States into World War I.
A German submarine sank the British ocean liner
Lusitania off the coast of Ireland. More than 1,000
passengers were killed, including 128 Americans. The
people of the United States were shocked! Wilson did not
declare war, but instead asked Germany for an apology,
for damages to be paid, and for a promise not to attack
any more passenger ships. Italy then entered the war for
the Allies and attacked Austria-Hungary from the south.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915
In February, 1915, the German government
announced an unrestricted warfare campaign. This
meant that any ship taking goods to Allied
countries was in danger of being attacked. This
broke international agreements that stated
commanders who suspected that a non-military
vessel was carrying war materials, had to stop and
search it, rather than do anything that would
endanger the lives of the occupants.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
The Lusitania, at 32,000 tons, was the largest
passenger vessel on transatlantic service, left
New York harbour for Liverpool on 1st May,
1915. It was 750ft long, weighed 32,500 tons
and was capable of 26 knots. On this journey
the ship carried 1,257 passengers and 650
crew.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont.
At 1.20pm on 7th May 1915, the U-20, only ten miles from
the coast of Ireland, surfaced to recharge her batteries.
Soon afterwards Captain Schwieger, the commander of
the German U-Boat, observed the Lusitania in the
distance. Schwieger gave the order to advance on the
liner. The U20 had been at sea for seven days and had
already sunk two liners and only had two torpedoes left.
He fired the first one from a distance of 700 metres.
Watching through his periscope it soon became clear that
the Lusitania was going down and so he decided against
using his second torpedo.
Sinking the Lusitania: 1915 cont. After a second, larger
explosion, the Lusitania
rolled over and sank in
eighteen minutes. A total of
1,198 people died (785
passengers and 413 crew).
Those killed included 128
US citizens.
Trench Warfare
The two armies dug trenches to protect themselves
from bullets and bombs. Then they put up mazes of
barbed wire around the trenches. The area between
the trenches was called "no man's land." Soldiers ate
and slept in the trenches. First one side, and then the
other would try to break through at some point along
the line. It was very difficult for either side to win a
battle this way, and trench warfare claimed many lives.
Questions
Approximately how many people were killed in the First World War?
Whose assassination prompted the outbreak of WWI?When did Britain declare war on Germany?Where was the Western Front established?At which battle did Germany first use poisonous gas?Why was the sinking of the Lusitania such a big
deal?What is meant by the phrase ‘unrestricted warfare’?What is trench warfare?
The Big Four Leaders of World War I
The Big Four Leaders gathered at Versailles in January 1919 to write a formal treaty for peace.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States at the time of war, represented the United States in Versailles himself. He had a difficult time convincing the other three leaders to accept his idea of peace without victory. Wilson was forced to agree that Germany had caused the war.
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister who represented the United Kingdom. During their talks, George put the needs of his own nation first.
Vittorio Orlando
Vittorio Orlando, the Italian Prime Minister, also put the needs of his nation first during talks.
Georges Clemenceau Georges
Clemenceau, the French Premier, wanted to make Germany pay for the entire cost of the war since most of the fighting took place on French soil.
Peace Treaty Signed at Versailles, 1919
The Parisians had a parade after the signing of the Treaty at Versailles marking the end of World War I. Notice the sign at the top of this photograph that reads: "Vive Wilson."
Resources:
The First World War Chronologyhttp://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/
FWWchronology.htmPicture Historyhttp://www.picturehistory.com/find/c/302/
p/15/mcms.htmlThe History of American Wars http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/KSD/DE/
research/kimb/masterindex.html