History Automobile 07

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The History Of The Automobile

By: Jonah


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Introduction

The reason why I choose to researchabout The History of The Automobile isbecause my interest in cars. Ive been

interested in cars for a while, so I thoughtit would we be appropriate to do mysenior project on them. I also thought it

would be good for my research on thistopic, because I plan to major in field thatrelates to it.


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Difficulties

The difficulty that I faced during thisproject was being real lazy.

I was procrastinating a lot, so I didnt

have much time to do my project, so Ihad to rush.

I also couldnt find many books to cite in

my research paper.


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T e History

The first car was built by Joseph Cugnot in 1769. It was powered by asteam engine and was very slow.

Jean Joseph tienne Lenoir was the first to build the one cylinder engine,

internal-combustion engine, was later patent. Nikolaus August Otto built the first four cylinder engine. In 1886 Gottlieb Daimler designed the first four wheeled automobile. They

also created the first v-slanted engine. Karl Benz, know as one of the founders of Mercedes-Benz, is the first to

build an automobile powered by an internal combustion engine. Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach with Benzs manufacturing firm in

1926 to create Daimler-Benz. The joint company makes cars today underthe Mercedes-Benz nameplate, and Daimler Chrysler

Henry Ford, a famous car company founder, designed the worlds biggestcar manufacturer, manufacturing over 15 million Model Ts by 1927

Hybrid cars have also been around since the 1900s.

In the 1900s Ford made more steam and electric cars than it did gasoline.

The first hybrid commercial truck was built in 1910, and as the gasolineengine was refined interest in hybrids died down.

As problems with environment and gas process continue, Hybrids are now ahot commodity in the market place and are now the new wave of future

cars


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ngines Engines are like the heart of an automobile and function likewise. The engine is made up of seven main parts; the engine block, cylinder

head, cylinders, pistons, valves, crankshaft, and camshaft. The engine isalso divided into two main parts; an upper section and a lower section. Thelower section of the engine is called the engine block.

The upper section of the engine is the cylinder head and falls into place ontop of the lower section of the engine, connecting cylinders and pistonstogether

There are a nine types of engines used in today automobiles. v-typeengines, in-line engines, flat (horizontal-opposed) engines, rotary engines,electrical engines, hybrid engines, and diesel engines

V-type engines are one of the most powerful engines made for a car. Theseengines are V-shaped like and have to rows of six or eight cylinders.

In-line engines are one of the most used engines by car makers today. Thein-line engine usually has six or four cylinders aligned in a straight row.They are usually found smaller cars.

Flat engines are like v-type engines, except that the engine is flattened untilboth banks lie in a horizontal plane. European car makers like to use thisengine.


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ngines cont. Rotary Engine is one of the weirdest engines of all. The rotary engine has

no pistons, and uses rotors in replace for the pistons.

Electrical engines are one of the two engines that use electricity to powercars. When electric motors first came out they required a lot of space, anda lot of electricity to power them, so cars were bulky and heavy.

Automobiles that combine two or more types of engines are called hybrids).A usual hybrid engine is made of an electrical motor with batteries that arerecharged by a generator run by a small gas powered engine.

Diesel engines are the largest of all engines and are configured just like aninternal-combustion engine but it runs of a different fuel.


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20t Century an Years upon In the 1920s they started to evolve and install synchromesh transmissions

for easier gear shifting; four-wheel hydraulic brake systems; improved

carburetors; shatterproof glass; balloon tires; heaters; and mechanicallyoperated windshield wipers In the 1930s car engines and bodies became large and luxurious. Two styles were created during the time of World War II, European and

American. The European style was compact and small. They liked their carsto be lightweight and small unlike the American style. Their cars weremade of mostly aluminum and the chassis and framework was made ofsteel. The American style was the opposite of what the European style. Thecars were big and spacious inside, because Americans liked to becomfortable while driving. Their cars were made with more power, smoothriding and stability, power steering, and power brakes.

Between the 1950s and 1960s American manufacturers started makingsmaller cars, but their engine size and horsepower increased. By the 1980s Technology started to grow in America because of new

Japanese innovations and imports. As the 21st century progressed, cars improve and computer technology

began to be utilized in cars. Cars today are now mostly controlled bycomputer chips.


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20th Century and Years upon (cont.)

The computer chip manages most of the car systems today. For instance,the anti-lock brake system is controlled by a computer chip telling, themwhen to work.

They also have GPS systems in cars that help provide directions and guidesdrivers. Some cars now come equipped with GPS locator beacons, enablinga GPS system operator to locate the vehicle, map its location, and ifnecessary, direct repair or emergency workers to the scene.

Cars are now made of lighter materials that are quite very strong.


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Conclusion

In Conclusion Automobiles have been around centuries.It all started back when a curious Nicolas-JosephCugnot, designed a three-wheel automobile, which useda steam engine for an engine. These were the breadcrumbs for later in the future, and truly that is what they

became. Many inventors followed the bread crumbs andbuilt on what they knew inventing faster and morepowerful engines, smaller and smaller cars, and moreunique cars as time grew on. Cars have continued toevolve till today and will never stop because theres

always someone out there trying to be the next HenryFord or the next Gottlieb Daimler, or Wilhelm Maybach.Cars have only evolved for a little bit, and as technologycontinues to become better cars will too.


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Wor s CiteAlexandria, Virginia. Transportation. Canada: The Time Inc. Book

Company, 1992.Bellis, Mary. "The History of the Automobile." inventors.about.com.

2006. 14 Dec 2006.Bellis, Mary. "The History of the Automobile." inventors.about.com.

2006. 14 Dec 2006.

Bellis, Mary. "The History of the Automobile." inventors.about.com.2006. 14 Dec 2006.

Brain, Marshall. "Introduction to How Car Engines Work." How StuffWorks. 14 Dec

2006 .

Cruikshank, Gordon. Cars and How They Work. First American Edition.New York,New York: Dorling Knidersley, Inc., 1992."Engine Types," Muscle Car Club. 7 Dec 2006.


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