1 Near Eastern Studies (ACABS) 413; 513 History 440, Anthrarc 442

ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA History and Culture Fall 2007 Provisional syllabus Instructor: N. Yoffee (Office hours: Thayer Bldg. rm. 3012 T 2:30-3:30, W 11-12, Th 2:30-3:30, or by

appointment - nyoffee@umich.edu) GSI Libby Boulter (Office hrs: TBA lboulter@umich.edu) Lectures: T Th 11:30-1:00 MLB Lec Rm 2 Course description: Sumerian, Babylonian, and Assyrian civilization from the first cuneiform documents (ca. 3100 BC) to the fall of the Neo-Babylonian empire (539 BC); special

attention to issues of social and political organization. Major topics: Rise of first city-states, writing systems and literacy, social and economic change, law, Mesopotamia and its neighbors, the collapse of Mesopotamian civilization. Original

documents are examined to show methods of interpreting the history and culture of ancient Mesopotamia.

Undergrad requirements: 3 exams (15% each, including 1 take-home exam and 1-hr final exam), section participation (10%), term paper (45% 10-page minimum).

Grad student requirements: 2 take-home essays/book reviews (20% each), term paper (20 page minimum, 60%)

Tentative lectures: 1. Introduction to course. Problem-orientation. The past and the present in Iraq. Geography, environment. 2. The first cities and states. Uruk archaeology, writing, stratification, the “Uruk expansion” 3. Early Dynastic period. City-states and Mesopotamian civilization. 4. Archaeology of the Late Uruk and Early Dynastic periods 5. Sargon of Akkade. The Akkadian empire. Sumerians and Akkadians. Ebla 6. The Third Dynasty of Ur. Bureaucracy and the state. 7. The best of times, the worst of times. Economics, politics, social organization in the Ur III period 8. Level and trend in the 3rd millennium B.C. 9. In-class examination 10. Old Assyrian period: Politics 11. Old Assyrian period: Long-distance trade, merchants, and the state 12. Early Old Babylonian period (south). Isin-Larsa period 13. No class (Fall study day) 14. Early OB period (north). Archaeology and history of Kish 15. The first dynasty of Babylon. Hammurabi, nomads, and the state 16. Remarkable Old Babylonian women. Economic, religious, and social behavior and status. 17. Mesopotamia Law. Law codes and legal cases 18. Collapse of the Old Babylonian state 19. Discussion. (Take-home exam essay distributed). 20. Middle Babylonian period (Kassites), Middle Assyrian period 21. Mesopotamia and the north: Hurrians, Hittites, Mitannians. 22. International relations. End of the “old order” 23. Neo-Assyrian politics 24. Neo-Assyrian economy and society 25. Israel and the Assyrians. Collapse of Assyria 26. Neo-Babylonian state and its Iranian neighbors 28. The collapse of Mesopotamian civilization. Textbooks

2 Available for purchase in Shaman Drum bookstore is A History of the Ancient Near East by Marc Van De Mieroop (Oxford: Blackwell, 2007, second edition), which is the basic textbook for the class. (In the assigned readings, this is referred to as MVDM). Many translated texts are found in The Ancient Near East: Historical Sources in Translation (ed. by Mark Chavalas, Oxford: Blackwell, 2006), which is also available at Shaman Drum. On physical reserve in the Shapiro Undergraduate Library are the following recent books, all of which contain useful information for this course. Books with *** contain excellent bibliographies that lead to more readings (and which are especially useful for gathering references for term papers). T. Bryce 1998 The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford: Clarendon Press 2002 Life and Society in the Hittite World. Oxford: Oxford University Press T. Boiy 2004 Late Achaemenid and Hellenistic Babylonia. Leuven: Peters H.E.C. Crawford 2004 (revised edition) Sumer and the Sumerians. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press B. Foster, K. Pollinger Foster, P. Gerstenblith 2005 Iraq Beyond the Headlines: History, Archaeology, and the War. World Scientific Publishing (I

have not seen this book) W.W. Hallo and W. Kelly Simpson 1998 (2nd ed.) The Ancient Near East: A History. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Joannès, F.

2001 Dictionnaire de la civilization mésopotamienne. Bouquine

Amélie Kuhrt*** 1995 The Ancient Near East, c. 3000-330 B.C. (2 volumes). London: Routledge Marc Van de Mieroop 1997 The Ancient Mesopotamian City. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1999 Cuneiform Texts and the Writing of History. London: Routledge K. Nemet-Nejat 1998 Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. Westport: Greenwood Press Joan Oates 1979,1986 Babylon. London: Thames and Hudson A.L. Oppenheim 1964 Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilization. Chicago: University of Chicago Press J. N. Postgate 1992 Early Mesopotamia: Society and Economy at the Dawn of History. London: Routledge

3 D.T. Potts 1997 Mesopotamian Civilization: The Material Foundations. London: Athlone Michael Roaf 1990 Cultural Atlas of Ancient Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East. Oxford/New York: Facts on

File Jack Sasson and others, editors*** 1995 Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. New York: Scribners (4 volumes, many excellent essays) (on reserve in Hatcher Grad Library) Daniel Snell 1997 Life in the Ancient Near East. New Haven: Yale For German readers: Die Fischer Weltgeschichte (several volumes, the first part translated into English as The Ancient Near East: The Early Civilizations, ed. J. Bottéro. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1967 H.J. Nissen*** 1999 Geschichte Altvorderasiens. München: R. Oldenbourg D.O. Edzard 2004 Geschichte Mesopotamiens. Von den Sumerern bis zu Alexander dem Grossen. Munich: CH. Beck M. Jursa 2004 Die Babylonier. Munich. C.H. Beck E. Cancik-Kirschbaum 2003 Das Reich der Assyrer: Geschichte, Gesellschaft, Kultur. Munich: C.H. Beck G. Selz 2005 Sumerer und Akkader. Munich: C.H. Beck For French readers: J-J Glassner 1993 Chroniques mésopotamiennes. Paris: Les Belles Lettres (new translation by B. Foster, Mesopotamian Chronicles, 2005). F. Joannès 2001 Dictionnaire de la civilization mésopotamienne. Bouquine For Italian and Spanish readers: Mario Liverani

41988 Antico Oriente: Storia, Società, Economia. Rome: Editori Laterza

[Spanish translation El Antiguo Orienta. Barcelona: Crítica] Detailed studies with excellent bibliographies: J. Bauer, R. Englund, M. Krebernik*** 1998 Mesopotamien: Späturuk-Zeit und Frühdynastische Zeit. Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 160/1.

Freiburg, Schweiz: Universitätsverlag W. Sallaberger and Aage Westenholz*** 1999 Mesopotamien: Akkade-Zeit und Ur III-Zeit. OBO 160/2. Freiburg, Schweiz: Universitätsverlag Dominique Charpin, Dietz Otto Edzard, Marten Stol*** 2004 Mesopotamien: Die altbabylonische Zeit. OBO 160/4.

Cambridge Ancient History***

Vols. I, II, III 1-2, IV (1972-94). Although the earlier volumes are in some cases out-dated, the chapters are authoritative and contain good bibliographies for the times they were written).

There are many other books on Mesopotamian history and culture. Please consult with instructor if you wish to read and rely upon any of them. There are many books that cannot be recommended. Bibliographies of Mesopotamian history can be found in the journals Orientalia and Archiv für Orientforschung. A journal on Mesopotamia economy and environment is Bulletin of Sumerian Agriculture (last issue 1995) A recent series of four books on Mesopotamian economy are edited by Michael Hudson and various co-editors. The Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, maintains a web-site as a gateway to various on-line materials about Mesopotamia. See http://www.oi.uchicago.edu/OI/DEPT/RA/ABZU/ABZU.HTML

5Undergraduate essays

Term paper page minimum = 10 pages (2500 words), not counting bibliography. Essay topics will be chosen in consultation with the instructor and GSI. The term paper is due the last day of class. Guidance on sources, bibliographic format, footnotes, etc. will be provided by instructor and GSI. Students will submit an outline for critique before the Thanksgiving holiday. Students are expected to abide by university policy not to copy in whole or in part essays from web sources or to receive assistance in the writing of their essays from anyone other than the instructor and gsi. See www.lib.umich.edu/handouts/plagiar/pdf. Students will fail the assignment if they are found to have plagiarized material. Suggested essay topics (students are welcome to suggest other topics, which will be reviewed by the instructor and gsi). ArchaeologyUruk expansion Royal cemetery of Ur Neo-Assyrian palaces Cylinder seals Royal iconography Materials and technologies Houses and domestic quarters Sources of metals and long-distance trade Assorted topicsOld Assyrian trade Law Women and gender Writing Hittites Hurrians and Mitannians Mari Gilgamesh Neo-Asssyrian bureaucracy Akkadian empire Ur III empire Elamites Chaldeans Math and astronomy Persian Mesopotamia Hellenistic Mesopotamia Nabonidus Ugarit Emar

6Battle of Qadesh Kassites Divine kingship Amarna period Archives and libraries Critical reviews of books 2 books on cities: G. Leick, Mesopotamia: The Invention of the City, London: Allen Lane/The Penguin Press, 2001 and Marc Van De Mieroop, The Ancient Mesopotamian City, New York: Oxford UP, 1997. S. Dalley, The Legacy of Mesopotamia, New York: Oxford UP, 1998. Z. Bahrani, Women of Babylon: Gender and Representation in Mesopotamia, New York: Routledge, 2001. D. Potts, Mesopotamian Civilization: The Material Foundations, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell UP, 1997. D. Fleming, Democracy’s Ancient Ancestors: Mari and Early Collective Governance, New York: Cambridge UP, 2004. P. Moorey, Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries: The Archaeological Evidence, Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 1999.

7 Undergrad questions following each lecture: It is important for our relatively large class that I can gauge what interests or troubles you have about the lectures. Your feedback will help me design better lectures and tie up loose ends. Your engagement with the lecture material is also enhanced by this exercise. Consequently, comments and questions are required by every student after every lecture. They are due before midnight on the day the lecture is given. Send the comments/questions to Libby Boulter via c-tools. Ms. Boulter will record your compliance with the assignment and note particularly useful comments/questions. For those who submit at least 20 sets of comments/questions, at least 6 of which are considered appropriate and useful (by Ms. Boulter’s reasonably liberal standard), a rise of 1/3 letter grade for the course will be applied. (This should be a powerful incentive for doing this assignment well). For those who do not submit 20 comments/questions, or whose questions are not considered relevant/useful a subtraction of 1/3 letter grade will be considered. Section attendance Attendance in sections is mandatory. Not only is Ms. Boulter going to discuss matters raised in readings and lectures, but she will lead discussion of translations of various texts (literary texts, royal inscriptions, contracts, law suits, etc). Poor attendance in sections (that is, unexcused absences) may result in subtraction of 2/3 letter grade. Texts discussed in sections will be part of the subjects on the exams. Meetings with students I shall meet all students in my office early in the term in order to get to know your interests and backgrounds a bit, and perhaps to begin thinking of appropriate essay topics. I shall pass around a sign-up sheet with times in 10-minute intervals for my office hours (T and Th 2:30-3:30, W 11-12). As many as 3 students can sign up for one time. Think about what times will be convenient for you. Lecture outlines I shall send via email or c-tools a lecture outline the night before the lecture. Please check your email the night before the lecture or early in the day before the hour of the lecture to get this lecture outline. Print the outline and bring it to class so that you will be able to follow the lecture and also have a spelling guide to the names discussed in the lecture.

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Graduate students (in ACABS 513)

I shall organize a discussion section bi-weekly (or in irregular intervals depending on the length of the subject and readings) for grad students in which we shall discuss aspects of the required and extended readings. There will be an emphasis on Mesopotamian archaeology in these discussions.

The first discussion will consist of a comparison of two new books on Mesopotamian archaeology and early history: Susan Pollock, Ancient Mesopotamia: The Eden that Never Was, Cambridge University Press (1999) and Roger Matthews, The Archaeology of Mesopotamia, theories and approaches, London: Routledge (2003).. The second discussion will consist of a comparison of books by Mitchell Rothman, ed. (2001), Uruk Mesopotamia and its Neighbors and J.N. Postgate, ed.(2002), Artefacts of Complexity: tracking the Uruk in the Near East. We shall also read essays from Settlement and Society: Essays Dedicated to Robert McCormick Adams, ed. E. Stone (2007). Other sessions may consider the edited volumes of S.L. Sanders (Margins of Writing, Origins of Cultures, 2006, Oriental Inst., U Chicago) and N. Brisch, ed. (on divine kingship, ms of conference at Oriental Inst, 2007). The first mid-term essay will consist of a review of G. Stein (1999), Rethinking World Systems: Diasporas, Colonies, and Interaction in Uruk Mesopotamia and in light of recent work of G. Algaze (e.g., in Settlement and Society (Adams Festschrift, ed. E. Stone, see above). The term-paper topic will be chosen in consultation with the instructor. Minimum 5000 words, due on or before last day of class.

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Provisional lecture schedule and reading list Note: required readings in the textbook are listed for each lecture and should be read before the lecture. Other, extended readings are found in the Shapiro library’s electronic reserve facility. Students can download these readings or read them on-line. Some books are on physical reserve in the Shapiro’s reserve book room. Extended readings (which are NOT required) are provided in smaller font. These readings are mainly in English, but key essays in German and French are also provided. Even the extended readings are not intended to be exhaustive on the lecture topics, but as guides to the literature for those who wish to read further on a given subject/time period. Some notable readings are also provided for each topic. 1. T, Sept. 4 Introduction to course. Problem orientation. The past and the present in Iraq

MVDM (= textbook), pp. 1-16 (Extended readings) A.L. Oppenheim 1964 Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilization. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp.

48-63

S. Pollock 1999 Ancient Mesopotamia: The Eden that Never Was. Cambridge: CUP, pp. 28-44

J.N. Postgate 1992 Early Mesopotamia, pp. 3-21

D.T. Potts 1998 Mesopotamian Civilization, Chs. 1-2. Chs. 3-4 deal with natural resources. M. Roaf 1990 Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East (for good pictures)

2. Th, Sept. 6 The first cities and states. Uruk archaeology, writing, the Uruk expansion MVDM, pp. 19-38

S. Pollock 1999 Ancient Mesopotamia: The Eden that Never Was, pp. 93-116, 149-172

J. Cooper 2005 Babylonian Beginnings: The Origin of the Cuneiform Writing System in

Comparative Perspective. In The First Writing: Script Invention as History and Process, ed. by S. Houston, pp. 71-99. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

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(Extended readings) P. Michalowski 1990 Early Mesopotamian Communicative systems. In Investigating Artistic Environments in the

Ancient Near East, ed. Ann Gunter, pp. 53-69. Washington: Smithsonian Institution

P. Michalowski 1994 Writing and Literacy in Early States: A Mesopotamianist Perspective. In Literacy:

Interdisciplinary Conversations, ed. D. Keller-Cohen, pp. 49-79. Creskill, NJ: Hampton

D. Schmandt-Besserat 1992 Before Writing: From Counting to Cuneiform (vol. 1). Austin: University of Texas Press (read pp.

1-13, 196-199) G. Stein 2005 The Political Economy of Mesopotamian Colonial Encounters, In The Archaeology of Colonial

Encounters, ed. by Gil Stein, pp. 143-171. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press (Notable recent books) M. Rothman, editor

2001 Uruk Mesopotamia and its Neighbors. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press. R. Englund

1998 Texts from the Late Uruk Period. In Mesopotamien. Späturuk-Zeit und Frühdynstische Zeit, edited by P. Attinger and M. Wäfler, pp. 15-233

H. Nissen, P. Damerow, and R. Englund 1994 Archaic Bookkeeping: Writing and Techniques of Economic Administration in the Ancient Near

East. Chicago: University of Chicago Press (German original of 1990 has color illustrations). J.-J. Glassner 2003 (translation of French) The Invention of Cuneiform. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins S.L. Sanders, ed. 2006 Margins of Writing, Origins of Cultures. Chicago: Oriental Institute 3. T, Sept. 11 Early Dynastic period. City-states and Mesopotamian civilization

MVDM, pp. 39-58

P Michalowski 1983 History as Charter: Some Observations on the Sumerian King List. Journal of the

American Oriental Society 103: 237-248

(Extended readings) J. Cooper 1983 Reconstructing History from Inscriptions. Malibu: Undena

R. Biggs 1967 Semitic Names in the Fara Period. Orientalia 36: 55-66

J.N. Postgate, Early Mesopotamia, pp. 22-40

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P. Steinkeller 1993 Early Political Development in Mesopotamia and the Origins of the Sargonic Empire. In Akkad:

The First World Empire, ed. M. Liverani, pp. 107-129. Padova: srl A. Cohen 2005 Death, Rituals, Ideology, and the Development of Early Mesopotamian Kingship: Toward a New

Understanding of Iraq’s Royal Cemetery of Ur. Leiden: Brill G. Visicato 1995 The Bureaucracy of Shuruppak. Muenster: Ugarit-Verlag P. Michalowski 2003 A Man Called Enmebaragesi. In Literatur, Politik und Recht in Mesopotamien, W. Sallaberger, K.

Volk, and A. Zgoll, eds., 195-208. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 4. Th, Sept. 13 Archaeology of the late 4th-early 3rd millennia M. Roaf 1995 Palaces and Temples in Ancient Mesopotamia. In J. Sasson et al., eds,

Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, pp. 423-442. New York: Scribners R. Zettler and L. Horne, eds. 1998 Treasures from the Royal Tombs of Ur, pp. 8-38. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum (Extended readings) H.J. Nissen 1988 The Early History of the Ancient Near East. Chicago: University of Chicago Press pp. 129-197 I. Winter 1986 After the Battle is Over: The Stele of the Vultures and the Beginning of Historical Narrative in the

Art of the Ancient Near East. Studies in the History of Art 16: 11-32

5. T, Sept. 18 Sargon of Akkade. The Akkadian empire. Sumerians and Akkadians. Ebla

MVDM, pp. 59-69

P. Michalowski 1993 Memory and Deed: The Historiography of the Political Expansion of the Akkad

State. In Akkad: First World Empire, ed. Mario Liverani, pp. 69-90. Padova: Sargon srl

M. Van De Mieroop 1999 Cuneiform Texts and the Writing of History. London: Routledge. Read “Sargon

of Agade” pp. 59-86

(Extended readings)

12A. Westenholz 1999 The Old Akkadian Period: History and Culture. In Mesopotamien: Akkade-Zeit und Ur III-Zeit.

edited by P. Attinger and M. Wäfler, pp. 17-117. Universitätsverlag Freiburg Schweiz, Vendenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen

J. Franke Kings of Akkad: Sargon and Naram-Sin, pp. 831-842. In Sasson and others, eds

Civilizations of the Ancient Near East (cited above)

L. Milano 1995 Ebla: A third Millennium City –State in Ancient Syria. In Civilizations of the Ancient Near East,

edited by J. Sasson and others (cited above), pp. 1219-1230

(Notable recent publications) See other essays in M. Liverani, ed, 1993 (cited above), especially

B. Foster Management and Administration in the Sargonic Period, pp. 11-24 B. Foster Select Bibliography of the Sargonic Period, pp. 171-181 M. Liverani Model and Actualization: The Kings of Akkad in the Historical Tradition, pp. 41-68 J. Cooper Paradigm and Propaganda: The Dynasty of Akkad in the 21st Century, pp. 11-24

W. Hallo 1971 Gutium. Reallexikon der Assyriologie, vol. 3: 708-720

J. Goodnick Westenholz 1997 Legends of the Kings of Akkade. Winona Lake, IN: Eisnbrauns T. Potts 2001 Reading the Sargonic “Historical-Literary” Tradition: Is there a Middle Course? (Thoughts on the

Great Revolt against Naram-Sin). In Historiography in the Cuneiform World, ed. by T. Abusch and others, pp. 391-408. Bethesda: CDL Press

There is a diskette with complete Ebla bibliography accompanying Studi epigrafici e linguistici sul Vicino Oriente antico by F. Baffi. Guardata, M. Baldacci, and F. Pomponio, 1997.

6. Th, Sept. 20 Third Dynasty of Ur. Bureaucracy and the State.

MVDM, pp. 69-79 7. T, Sept 25 The best of times the worst of times. Economics and social organization in the

Ur III period T. Jones 1976 Sumerian Administrative Documents: An Essay. In Sumerological Studies in

Honor of Thorkild Jacobsen, ed. S. Lieberman, pp. 41-61. Chicago: Oriental Institute

P. Steinkeller 1987 The Administration and Economic Organization of the Ur III State. In The

Organization of Power: Aspects of Bureaucracy in the Ancient Near East, ed. M. Gibson and R. Biggs, pp. 19-41. Chicago: Oriental Institute

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(Extended readings) P. Michalowski 1987 Charisma and Control: On Continuity and Change in Early Mesopotamian Bureaucractic Systems.

In Gibson and Biggs (cited above), pp. 55-67

P. Steinkeller 1987 The Foresters of Umma: Toward a Definition of Ur III Labor. In Labor in the Ancient Near East,

ed. M. Powell, pp. 73-115. New Haven: American Oriental Society

1996 organization of Crafts in third millennium Mesopotamia: the case of potters. Altorientalische Forschungen 23: 232-253

(Notable readings) T. Gomi 1984 On the Critical Economic Structure at Ur early in the Reign of Ibbi-Sin. Journal of Cuneiform

Studies 36: 211-243

T. Maeda 1992 The Defense Zone During the Rule of the Ur III Dynasty. Acta Sumerologica 14: 135-172

H. Waetzoldt 1987 Compensation of Craft Workers in the Ur III Period. In Labor in the Ancient Near East, ed. M.

Powell, 117-141. New Haven: American Oriental Society

M. Sigrist 1992 Drehem (in French). Bethesda, MD: CDL Press

Other essays in Gibson and Biggs, eds. Bureaucracy include M. Civil Ur III Bureaucracy: Quantitative Aspects, pp. 43-53

I. Winter Legitimation of Authority through Image and Legend, pp. 69-115

R. Zettler Administration of the Temple of Inanna under the Third Dynasty of Ur: Archaeological

and Documentary Evidence, pp. 117-131

K. Maekawa 1996 Confiscation of Private Properties in the Ur III Period: A Study of é-dul-la and níg-GA Acta

Sumerologica 18: 103-168. W. Sallaberger*** 1999 Ur III Zeit. In Mesopotamien: Akkade-Zeit und Ur-III Zeit, (cited above), pp. 121-350 (Excellent

bibliographical resource) 8. Th, Sept. 27 Level and trend in the 3rd mill. B.C.

I. J. Gelb 1969 On the Alleged Temple and State Economies in Ancient Mesopotamia. In Studi in

Onore di Edoardo Volterra, vol. 6: 138-154

I.M. Diakonoff 1969 The Rise of the Despotic State in Ancient Mesopotamia. In Ancient Mesopotamia,

ed. I.M. Diakonoff, pp. 183-197. Moscow: Akademiya Nauk

14(Extended readings) T. Jacobsen 1957/70 Early Political Development in Mesopotamia. Reprinted in Toward the Image of Tammuz, ed. W.

Moran, pp. 132-156. Cambridge: Harvard

P. Steinkeller 1993 In M. Liverani, Akkad (cited above), pp. 107-130

(Notable readings)

H. Neumann 1999 Ur-Dumuzida and Ur-DUN. Reflections on the Relationship between State-initiated Foreign Trade

and Private Economic Activity in Mesopotamia towards the End of the Third Millennium BC. In Trade and Finance in Ancient Mesopotamia, ed. by J.G. Dercksen, pp. 43-53. Leiden: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul

More Gelb articles: 1979 Household and Family in Early Mesopotamia. In State and Temple Economy in the Ancient Near

East, ed. E. Lipinski, pp. 1-97

1972 From Freedom to Slavery. In Gesellschaftsklassen im Alten Zweistromland, ed. D. Edzard, pp. 81-92

1976 Quantitative Evaluation of Slavery and Serfdom. In Kramer Anniversary Volume, ed. B. Eichler,

pp. 195-207

More Diakonoff articles: 1972 Socio-economic Classes in Babylonia and the Babylonian Concept of Social Stratification. In

Gesellschaftsklassen (see above), pp. 41-52

1976 Slaves, Helots, and Peasants in Early Antiquity. In Wirtschaft und Gesell\schaft in Alten Vorderasien, ed. J. Hamatta and G. Komoroczy, pp. 47-78. Budapest: Akademia Kiado

9. T, Oct. 2 In-class mid-term exam 10. Th, Oct 4 Old Assyrian period. Politics MVDM, pp. 89-104

M.T. Larsen 1977 The Old Assyrian City-State and its Colonies. Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag

(read pp. 27-84)

K.R. Veenhof 1995 Kanesh: An Assyrian Colony in Anatolia. In Civizations of the Ancient NearEast,

ed. by J. Sasson and others (cited above), pp. 859-872 Reference: C. Michel 2003 Old Assyrian Bibliography. Leiden: NINO 11. T, Oct. 9 Old Assyrian Trade

15Marc Van De Mieroop 1999 Cuneiform Texts and the Writing of History. (See above), pp. 92-98 (Extended readings)

M. T. Larsen 1977 Partnerships in Old Assyrian Trade. Iraq 39: 119-145

1982 Your Money or Your Life! A Portrait of an Assyrian Businessman. In Societies and Languages of

the Ancient Near East: Studies in Honor of I.M. Diakonoff, ed. J. N. Postgate, pp. 214-45

1987 Commercial Networks in the Ancient Near East. In Centre and Periphery in the Ancient World, ed. M. Rowlands, M.T. Larsen, K. Kristiansen, pp. 47-56. Cambridge: CUP

K.R. Veenhof 1980 Kaniš, kārum. Reallexikon der Assyriologie vol 5: 369-378

1997 “Modern Features” in Old Assyrian Trade. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the

Orient 40: 336-366

1997 Silver and Credit in the Old Assyrian Trade. In Trade and Finance in Ancient Mesopotamia, ed. by J.G. Dercksen, pp. 55-84. Leiden: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul

1999 On the Financing of Old Assyrian Merchants. In Trade and Finance in ihe Ancient Near East, ed.

by J.G. Dercksen, pp. 85-100. Leiden: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologish Instituut te Istanbul (Notable recent publication)

J.G. Dercksen 1996 The Old Assyrian Copper Trade in Anatolia. Amsterdam: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch

Instituut te Istanbul (contains good Old Assyrian bibliography) 2004 (ed.) Old Assyrian Institutions. Leiden: NINO

2004 (ed.) Assyria and Beyond: Studies Presented to Mogens Trolle Larsen. Leiden: NINO (see essay by Dercksen, “Some Elements of Old Anatolian Society,” pp. 1370178.)

12. Th, Oct. 11 Early Old Babylonian period. Isin-Larsa period

MVDM, pp. 81-89

M. Van de Mieroop 1993 The Reign of Rim-Sin. Revue d’Assyriologie 87: 47-69

(Extended readings) A.Goddeeris 1998 Economy and Society in Northern Babylonia in the Early Old Babylonian Period (ca. 2000-1800

BC). Leuven: Peeters (esp. pp. 316-349, 373-399)

A.L. Oppenheim 1954 Sea-faring Merchants of Ur. Journal of the American Oriental Society 74: 6-17

W.F. Leemans

161968 Old Babylonian Letters and Economic History. Journal of the Social and Economic History of

the Orient 11: 192-226 Wu, Yohong

1994 A Political History of Eshnunna, Mari, and Assyria during the Old Babylonian Period (From the End of Ur III to the Death of Shamshi-Adad. Institute of the History of Ancient Civilizations

(Notable reading for lists of goods) J. Renger 1984 Patterns of Non-institutional Trade and Non-commerical Exchange in Ancient Mesopotamia at the

Beginning of the Second Millennium B.C. In Circulation of Goods in Non-palatial Contexts in the Ancient Near East, ed. A. Archi, pp. 31-123. Rome: Edizioni dell=Ateneo

13. T, Oct. 16 No class (Fall study-day) 14, Th, Oct 18 Early Old Babylonian period (north). Archaeology and history of Kish

V. Donbaz and N. Yoffee 1986 Old Babylonian Texts from Kish Conserved in the Istanbul Archaeological

Museums. Malibu: Undena Publications. Read pp. 1-22 15. T, Oct. 23 Hammurabi and the first dynasty of Babylon. Mari. Nomads and OB states MVDM, pp. 104-112 J. Sasson

1995 King Hammurabi of Babylon. In Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, ed. by J. Sasson and others (cited above), pp. 901-916

J. Margueron 1995 Mari: A Portrait in Art of a Mesopotamian City-State. In J. Sasson and others,

eds. (cited above), pp. 885-900 R. Whiting 1995 Amorite Tribes and Nations of Second-Millennium Western Asia. In Sasson and

others, pp. 1231-1242

(Extended readings on Mari are too numerous to list. A knowledge of French is critical. If interested, see instructor. For translations of letters concerning political history, see W. Heimpel, 2003, Letters to the King of Mari). D. Charpin 2003 Hammu-rabi de Babylone. Paris M. Van De Mieroop 2004 King Hammurabi of Babylon: A Biography. Oxford: Blackwell D. Fleming 2004 Democracy’s Ancient Ancestors:Mari and Early Collective Goverenance. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press

1716. Th, Oct. 25 Remarkable Old Babylonian women. Economic, religious, and social

behavior and status

R. Harris 1964 The Naditu Woman. In Studies Presented to A.L. Oppenheim, ed. by J.A.

Brinkman, pp. 106-135. Chicago

N. Yoffee 1998 The Economics of Ritual in Old Babylonian Kish. Journal of the Economic and

Social History of the Orient 41: 310-343 R. Harris 1992 Women: Mesopotamia. Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 6: 947-951

(Notable readings) J. Assante 1998 The kar.kid/harimtu, Prostitute or Single Woman? A Reconsideration of the Evidence. Ugarit-Forschungen 30:5-96 E. Stone 1982 The Social Role of the Naditu Woman in Old Babylonian Sippar. Journal of the Economic and

Social History of the Orient 25: 50-70

I.M. Diakonoff 1986 Women in Old Babylonia Not Under Patriarchal Authority. Journal of the Economic and Social

History of the Orient 29: 225-238

C. Janssen 1991 Samsuiluna and the Hungry Naditums. Mesopotamian History and Environment Series I, Northern

Akkad Project Report 5: 3-39

U. Jeyes 1983 The Naditu Women of Sippar. In Images of Women in Antiquity, ed. A. Cameron and A. Kuhrt, pp.

260-272. London: Routledge

R. Henshaw 1994 Male and Female: The Cultic Personnel. Pickwick Publications: Allison Park, PA

S. Dalley 1980 Old Babylonian Dowries. Iraq 42: 53-74

S. Greengus 1966 Old Babylonian Marriage Ceremonies. Journal of Cuneiform Studies 20: 55-72

J. Renger 1973 Who are all those People? Orientalia 42: 259-273

Other sources on women in Mesopotamia (from various periods) S. Parpola and R. Whiting, editors

Sex and Gender in the Ancient Near East. 2 volumes. Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus (These two volumes contain a variety of essays on women from various periods)

18K. Maekawa 1980 Female Weavers and Their Children. Acta Sumerologica 2: 81-125

S. Pollock 1991 Women in a Man’s World: Images of Sumerian Women. In Engendering Archaeology, ed. J. Gero

and M. Conkey, pp. 366-387. Oxford: Blackwells

J. Bottéro 1965 La femme dans la mésopotamie ancienne. In Histoire mondiale de la femmee, ed. P. Grimal, pp.

158-223. Paris

J-M Durand, ed. 1987 La femme dans le proche orient antique. Paris (Several articles in English)

K. Grosz 1983 Bridewealth and Dowry in Nuzi. In Images of Women in Antiquity, ed. A. Cameron and A. Kuhrt,

pp. 193-205. London: Routledge

J.N. Postgate 1979 On Some Assyrian Ladies. Iraq 41: 89-103

M. Stol 1995 Women in Mesopotamia. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 38: 123-144 Z. Bahrani 2001 Women of Babylon: Gender and Representation in Mesopotamia. London: Routledge 17. Th, Oct. 30 Mesopotamian law. Law codes and legal cases

N. Yoffee 1988 Context and Authority in Early Mesopotamian Law. In State Formation and

Political Legitimacy, ed. J. Toland and R. Cohen, pp. 95-113. New Brunswick: Transaction Press

R. Westbrook 1989 Cuneiform Law Codes and the Origins of Legislation. Zeitschrift für Assyriologie

79: 201-222

M. Roth 1995 Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor. Atlanta: Scholars Press

(read pp. 1-10)

(Notable readings) R. Westbrook, ed. 2003 A History of Ancient Near Eastern Law. 2 volumes. Leiden: Brill R. Westbrook 1988 Old Babylonian Marriage Law. Graz

M. Malul 1988 Studies in Mesopotamian Legal Symbolism. Neukirchen-Vluyn

J.J. Finkelstein

191961 Ammisaduqa’s Edict and the Babylonian Law Codes. Journal of Cuneiform Studies 15: 91-

104

M. Roth 1995 Mesopotamian Legal Traditions and the Laws of Hammurabi. Chicago Kent Law Review 71: 13-

39

B. Foster 1995 Social Reform in Ancient Mesopotamia. In Social Justice in the Ancient World, ed. By K.D. Irani

and M. Silver, pp. 165-177. Westport Greenwood Press R. Westbrook and R. Jasnow, eds. 2001 Security for Debt in Ancient Near Eastern Law. Leiden: Brill 18. T, Nov. 1 Collapse of the Old Babylonian State

N. Yoffee 1988 Aspects of Mesopotamian Land Sales. American Anthropologist 90: 119-130 1977 The Economic Role of the Crown in the Old Babylonian Period. Malibu: Undena

Publications (read pp. 143-151) (Extended reading) S. Richardson 2001 The Collapse of a Complex State: A Reappraisal of the End of the First Dynasty of Babylon, 1683-

1597 B.C. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Columbia University, read pp. 24-56, 317-339) 19. T, Nov. 6 Discussion. Take-home examination question distributed.

Due Th, Nov. 9 in class 20. Th, Nov. 8 Mesopotamia and the North: Hurrians, Mittannians, Hittites

MVDM, pp. 112-160 (Notable readings)

T. Bryce 1998 The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford: Clarendon Press (see also new edition)

2002 Life and Society in the Hittite World Oxford: Oxford University Press

There are a number of essays on Hittites in Sasson, Civilizations of the Ancient Near East: G. Beckman, Royal Ideology and State Administration in Hittite Anatolia, pp. 529-544 R. Beal Hittite Military Organization, pp. 545-554 H. Hoffner, Law and Social Institutions of Hittite Anatolia, pp. 555-570 F. Imparatti, Private Life Among the Hittites, pp. 571-586 T.P.J.. van den Hout, Khattushili III, King of the Hittites, pp. 1107-1120

G. Wilhelm, The Kingdom of Mittanni in Second-Millennium Western Asia, pp. 1243-1254 See new reference books on Hittites: V. Haas 1994 Geschichte der hethitischen Religion. Leiden: Brill

20H. Klengel et al. 1998 Geschichte des Hethitischen Reiches. Leiden:Brill

V. Soucek and J. Siegelova 1998 Systematische Bibliographie der Hethitologie 1915-1995. Leiden: Brill

T.P.J. van den Hout, ed. 2006 The Life and times of Hattushili III and Tuthaliya IV. Leiden: NINO G. Beckman 2007 From Hattusha to Carchemish: The Latest on Hittite History. In Current Issues in the History of

the Ancient Near East, ed. M. Chavalas, pp. 97-112. Regina Press 21. T, Nov. 13 Middle Babylonian period (Kassites) and Middle Assyrian periods.

MVDM, pp. 161-178

W. Sommerfeld 1995 The Kassites of Ancient Mesopotamia. Origins, Politics, and Culture. In Sasson,

ed., pp. 917-930 (Extended readings) J.A. Brinkman

1972 Foreign Relations of Babylonia from 1600-625 B.C. American Journal of Archaeology 76: 270-281

A. K. Grayson 1971 The Early Development of the Assyrian Monarchy. Ugarit Forschungen 3: 311-319

P. Machinist 1976 Literature as Politics: The Epic of Tukulti-Ninurta and the Bible. Catholic Biblical Quarterly 38:

455-482 J. A. Brinkman 1980 Kassites. Reallexikon der Assyriologie 5: 464-473

1981 Hurrians in Babylonia in the Late Second Millennium. In Nuzi and the Hurrians, ed. D. Owen and M. Morrison, pp. 27-35. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns

M. Maidman 1984 Kassites among the Hurrians: A Case Study from Nuzi. Bulletin of the Society for Mesopotamian

Studies 8: 15-21 K. Slansky 2000 Classification, Historiography, and Monumental Authority. The Babylonian Entitlement Narus

(kudurrus). Journal of Cuneiform Studies 52: 95-114 (see book by Slansky with the same title as this article, 2003)

22. Th, Nov. 15 International relations. End of the Old Order MVDM, pp. 179-194

21W. van Soldt 1996 Ugarit: A Second Millennium Kingdom on the Mediterranean Coast: Thirteenth

To Tenth Centuries BCE. In J. Sasson and others, eds., pp. 1255-1266

(Extended readings) Amarna period: N. Na’aman 1992 Amarna Letters. Anchor Bible Dictionary 1: 174-181

“Sea-peoples” T. Dothan

1995 “Sea-Peoples” and the Philistines of Ancient Palestine. In J. Sasson and others, eds. Pp 1267-1280

N. Na’aman 1986 Habiru and Hebrews: The Transfer of a Social Term to the Literary Sphere. Journal of Near

Eastern Studies 45:271-288

(Notable publications) S. Gitin, A. Mazar, E. Stern, editors 1998 Mediterranean Peoples in Transition: Thirteenth to early Tenth Centuries BCE. Israel Exploration

Society, Jerusalem W. van Soldt 2005 The Topography of the City-State of Ugarit. AOAT 324. D. Schloen 2001 The House of the Father in Fact and in Symbol: Patrimonialism in Ancient Ugarit and the Ancient

Near East. Winona Springs: Eisenbrauns M. Yon 2005 The City of Ugarit at Tell Ras Shamra. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns M.E. Aubet 2001 The Phoenicians and the West (2nd ed.). Cambridge S. Moscati (ed) 1997 The Phoenicians (2nd ed). New York: Rizzoli 23. T, Nov. 20 Neo-Assyrian Politics

MVDM, pp. 197-252

(Extended readings) J.N. Postgate 1979 The Economic Structure of the Assyrian Empire. In Power and Propaganda, ed. M.T. Larsen, pp.

193-221.

1987 Employer, Employee, and Employment in the Neo-Assyrian Empire. In Labor in the Ancient Near East, ed. M. Powell, pp. 257-270. New Haven: American Oriental Society

M. Liverani 1979 The Ideology of the Assyrian Empire. In Power and Propaganda, ed. M.T. Larsen, pp. 297-317

(Notable publications)

22See Helsinki University Press series of books on Assyria, State Archives of Assyria, State Archives of Assyria Studies, State Archives of Assyria Bulletin (=journal 1983--to date)

In J. Sasson and others, eds. E. Leichty, Esarhaddon, King of Assyria, pp. 949-958 A.K. Grayson, Assyrian Rule of Conquered Territory in Ancient Western Asia, pp. 959-968 J.A. Brinkman 1984 Prelude to Empire. Philadelphia: University Museum

A.K. Grayson 1992 Mesopotamia, History of Assyria. Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 3: 732-755

Th, Nov. 22 Thanksgiving vacation 24. T, Nov. 27 Neo-Assyrian economy and society

(Extended readings) K. Radner 1999 Traders in the Neo-Assyrian Period, pp. 101-126 and Money in the Neo-Assyrian Empire, pp. 127-

158. In Trade and Finance in Ancient Mesopotamia, ed. by J.G. Dercksen. Leiden: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul

25. Th, Nov. 29 Israel and the Assyrians. Collapse of the Neo-Assyrian state

N. Yoffee 1988 The Collapses of Ancient Mesopotamian States and Civilization. In The Collapse

of Ancient States and Civilizations, eds. N. Yoffee and G.L. Cowgill, pp. 44-68. Tucson: University of Arizona Press

M.T. Larsen 1992 The Collapse of Civilizations: The Case of Mesopotamia. In Clashes of Cultures:

Volume in Honor of Niels Steensgard, ed. Jens Christian V. Johansen, pp. 107-129. Odense: Odense University Press

P. Machinist 1992 Palestine, Administration of (Assyrian-Babylonian). Anchor Bible Dictionary vol.

5: 69-81

(Extended reading) B. Otzen 1979 Israel under the Assyrians. In Power and Propaganda, ed. M.T. Larsen, pp. 351-261

A.K. Grayson 1995 Assyrian rule of conquered territory in ancient Western Asia. In Sasson, ed., Civ ANE, 959-968 Notable new readings: N. Na’aman 2005 Ancient Israel and its Neighbors: Interaction and Counterreaction. Winona Springs: Eisenbrauns

23 O. Lipschits 2005 The Fall and Rise of Jerusalem: Jerusalem under Babylonian Rule. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns 26. T, Dec. 4 Neo-Babylonian state MVDM, pp. 253-256 P-A Beaulieu

1995 King Nabonidus and the Neo-Babylonian Empire. In J. Sasson and others, eds., pp. 969-980

(Notable readings) D. Wiseman 1991 Babylonia, 605-539. Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 3, pt. 2, ch. 27

1985 Nebuchadrezzar and Babylon. Oxford: Oxford University Press

R. Sack 1991 Images of Nebuchadnezzar. Selinsgrove: Susquehanna University Press

M. Dandamayev 1991 Neo-Babylonian Society and Economy. Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 3, pt. 2, Ch. 28a

M. Roth 1989 Babylonian Marriage Agreements, 7th-3rd Centuries B.C. Alter Orient und Altes Testament.

Neukirchen-Vluyn G. Barjamovic 2004 Civic Institutions and Self-Government in Southern Mesopotamia in the mid-first millennium BC.

In Assyria and Beyond: Studies Presented to Mogens Trolle Larsen (ed. By J.G. Dercksen), pp 47-98.

(There are many new studies of the economy in the Neo-Babylonian and Persian periods. See instructor if interested. Here are a few) M. Jursa 2005 Neo-Babylonian Legal and Administrative Documents: Typology, Contents, and Archives. Ugarit

Verlag

F. Joannès 1995 Private Commerce and Banking in Achaemenid Babylonia. In CivANE, ed. J. Sasson, pp. 1475-

1486 P. Briant 1998 From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire (tr. by P. Daniels from orig. French,

1996). Winona Lake, IN: Eisnbrauns

M. Dandamayev 1976 Social Stratification in Babylonia (7th-4th Centuries B.C.) In Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, ed. J.

Harmatta and G. Komoroczy, pp. 433-444

A. Kuhrt 1987 Usurpation, Conquest, and Ceremonial: From Babylon to Persia. In Rituals of Royalty: Power and

24Ceremonial in Traditional Societies, ed. D. Cannadine and S. Price, pp. 20-55

1987 Berossus= Babyloniaca and Seleucid Rule in Babylonia. In Hellenism in the East, ed. A. Kuhrt

and S. Sherwin-White, pp. 32-56

S. Sherwin-White 1987 Seleucid Babylonia: A Case Study for the Installation and Development of Greek Rule. In

Hellenism in the East, pp. 1-31

In J. Sasson and others, eds., H. Sancisi-Weerdenburg, Darius the First and the Persian Empire, pp. 1035-1050 P. Vallat Susa and Susiana in Second-Millennium B.C. Iran, pp. 1023-1035

D. Snell 1997 Life in the Ancient Near East. Ch. 6, “Babylon and a Persian World, 626-332 B.C.E.”, pp. 99-118.

New Haven, CT: Yale University Press C. Wunsch 1999 The Egibi Family’s Real Estate in Babylon (6th century BC). In Urbanization and Land

Ownership in the Ancient Near East, ed. by M. Hudson and B. Levine, pp. 391-419. Cambridge: Peabody Museum Bulletin 7

A.C.V.M. Bongenaar 1999 Money in the Neo-Babylonian Institutions. In Trade and Finance in the Ancient Near East, ed. by

J.G. Dercksen, pp. 159-174. Leiden: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul

F. Joannès 1999 Structures et opérations commerciales en Babylonie à l=époque néo-babyloniennes. In Dercksen,

ed., pp. 175-194

27. Th, Dec. 6 The end of Mesopotamian states and civilization MVDM, pp. 267-280 (Extended readings)

P. Zimansky 1995 The Kingdom of Urartu in Eastern Anatolia. In CivANE, ed. J. Sasson, pp. 1135-1146

J. Rempel and N. Yoffee 1999 The End of the Cycle? Assessing the Impact of Hellenism on Mesopotamian Civilization. In

Munuscula Mesopotamica: Festschrift für Johannes Renger, ed. by B. Böck, E. Cancik-Kirschbaum, T. Richter, pp. 385-398. Münster

D.T. Potts

1999 Elam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 28. T, Dec. 11 Last class FINAL EXAM TBA