History 2311 Western Civilization to 1715 Slide day 6
Transcript of History 2311 Western Civilization to 1715 Slide day 6
History 2311 Western Civilization to 1715
Slide Set 5 Central Texas College Fort Knox, Kentucky
Bruce A. McKain
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Portugal and Exploration • Prince Henry
– Known as “The Navigator”. – Supported Navigators and
Explorers, with training and large collections of charts and maps.
– Moved Portugal to the front of European exploration.
Prince Henry the Navigator
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Portugal Continued • 1488 sails southward along
the coast of Africa and discovers the Cape of Good Hope.
Bartholomew Dias
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Portugal continued • 1497 retraced the route
opened by Dias and then scouted a route across the Indian Ocean to India, setting up Portugal as a premier power in sea based eastern trade.
Vascoa Da Gama
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Portugal continued • 1500 sailed southward and
West to scout a route to Brazil.
Pedro Cabral
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Portugal continued • 1494 • New World conflicts
between Portugal and Spain results in their differences being taken for arbitration by the Pope.
• Settlement splits South America on a North/South axis, with the Eastern sphere going to Portugal and the Western to Spain.
Treaty of Tordesillas
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Portugal continued • Portugal established a
permanent Trade Center at Goa in India. Maintains the center until England takes India as a colonial possession in the 18th century.
Goa
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Spain • Christopher Columbus
– Italian – 1492 – Supported by Ferdinand and
Isabella of Spain. – Three ship expedition. – “Discovered” San Salvador – Made several additional
voyages and died believing he had discovered the westward route to the Indies.
Christopher Columbus
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Spain continued • Exploration of Florida and
portions of Southeastern America in search for the Fountain of Youth.
• Note: He didn’t find it. He is dead.
• His exploration set the stage for the establishment of the first European city in North America St. Augustine Florida.
Juan Ponce de Leon
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Spain continued • 1513 • Crosses the Isthmus of
Panama and “discovers” the South Seas.
• His discovery gave Spain the claim to the entire ocean and all the lands it touched.
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Spain continued • Portuguese • 1519-22 • “Discovered” Straits of
Magellan at the tip of South America. “Discovered” and named the Pacific Ocean.
• His expedition completed the first circumnavigation of the earth, without him, he was killed in the Philippines.
Ferdinand Magellan
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Spain continued • 1519-21 • Landed on the coast of Mexico
and set out on a mission of establishing a colony for Spain.
• 600 men. • Defeated the Aztec Empire
with the assistance of Indian Allies whom the Aztec had ruled.
• Horses, Guns, and Armor were significant advantages.
Hernando Cortez
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Spain continued • 1531-33 • Explored Western South
America and defeated the • Inca Empire with a force of
180 men and Indian Allies.
Francisco Pizarro
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Spain continued • Explored the American
Southwest in search of the Cities of Gold.
• His explorations took his expedition as far north as present day Colorado.
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Spain continued • “Discovered” the Mississippi
River. • Explored much of the
American Southeast as far West as present day Oklahoma and Eastern Texas.
• Died of a fever and was buried in the Mississippi River, to prevent desecration of his body by Indians.
Hernando de Soto
Age of Exploration and Expansion
England • Italian • Along with his son Sebastian
sailed for England and explored most of the Eastern seacoast of North America.
John Cabot
Age of Exploration and Expansion
England continued • Roanoke Colony chartered to
Sir Walter Raleigh. • Established 1584. • Led by John White. • First English child born in
North America, Virginia Dare. • White left to go back to
England for supplies, when he returned the colony had vanished.
John White
Age of Exploration and Expansion
England continued • Jamestown Colony
chartered to Sir Walter Raleigh.
• Established 1607. • Led by John Smith. • Saved from failure by John
Rolfe, who discovered the qualities of short leaf tobacco.
John Smith
Age of Exploration and Expansion
France • Explored the St. Lawrence
River and established the initial settlement at the site of present day Montreal.
• Explored no further inland due to rapids at falls at that point.
Jacques Cartier
Age of Exploration and Expansion
France continued • Founded the present day
city of Quebec.
Samuel de Champlain
Age of Exploration and Expansion
France continued • “Discovered” mouth of
Mississippi River in 1682. • His voyage from the
headwaters of the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico gave France the claim to inland North America that was the basis of Napoleon’s right to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States in 1803.
Lasalle
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Holland • Englishman but sails for
Holland Discovers Hudson Bay and River.
• Sought a Northward passage around North America to prevent the necessity of sailing around South America in order to reach the Pacific Ocean.
Henry Hudson
Age of Exploration and Expansion
Sweden • Founded Ft Christiana in
1638, this was later absorbed by the Dutch and would become New Amsterdam, which would be taken by the English King’s brother, the Duke of York, and become known as New York City.
Fort Christiana
Problems with the Devine Right Monarchy
The Sun King • Ruled France of 77 years –
longest reigning of any European Monarch.
• Established the concept of absolute rule.
• Abused his powers • Nearly bankrupted France. • “I and the State” is
attributed to him.
Louis XIV of France
The Stuarts of England
The Stuart House • James VI of Scotland
becomes King of England upon death of Elizabeth I.
• Orders official English translation of Bible, “King James Version” which becomes the standard Bible for English speaking protestants until the late 20th century.
James I
The Stuarts of England
The Stuart House • King at the start of The
English Civil War • Cavaliers – loyal to the King. • Roundheads- English
Protestants led in revolt by Oliver Cromwell.
• Charles lost his head over religion.
Charles I
Oliver Cromwell and the Rump Parliament
English Civil War • Led the Roundheads • Heavy handed dealings
with Ireland. His name is still hated there today.
• After a period of time the people of England decided that maybe the King had not been so bad after all.
Oliver Cromwell
The Stuarts of England
The Restoration • Ruled for a relatively short
time. • Succeeded to throne by his
brother James.
Charles II
The Stuarts of England
The Glorious Revolution • Took throne upon death of his
brother Charles II. • Pledged that he would not
attempt to re-establish Catholic Church as official church of England.
• Son raised in France led to fear of his successor.
• Abdicated and fled England upon news of William of Orange’s landing during Glorious Revolution.
James II
The Stuarts of England
The Glorious Revolution • Agreed to come to England
and rule with his wife as C0-Regents.
• Died of complications from a broken collarbone.
William of Orange
The Stuarts of England
The Last Stuart Monarch • Rules after the death of
William of Orange until 1714.
• LARGE LADY buried in a coffin that was almost square.
• No living children. • End of the line of Stuart.
Queen Anne