Historical/Heritage Tourism

UNESCO World Heritage List - http://whc.unesco.org/en/list

Major Heritage Sites or “Wonders” of the World

Wonders of the World

Grand Canyon

Chichen ItzaTeotihuacan

GalapagosIslands

Machu Picchu

Christ the Redeemer

Iguazu FallsGreat BarrierReef

Angkor Wat

Bagan

Victoria Falls

Temple of Karnak

Pyramids of Giza PetraJerusalem

Hagia Sohpia

Stonehenge

Great Wall of China

Forbidden CityPotala Palace

Taj Mahal

RomanColiseum

Historical Geography of Tourism

• Ancient Civilizations – Greeks, Persians, Romans – Extensive transport network, common currency,

language, and legal system– Concept of leisure holiday – Holiday derived from:

1. “Holy Day” in Christian Europe2. “Saturnalia” – Roman day of feasting and frolicking

Grand Tour of William Thomas Beckford – 1780

Dreams, Waking Thoughts, and Incidents

The Grand Tour

Alexander von Humboldt

Charles Darwin &The Voyage of the Beagle

Second Voyage of the HMS Beagle 1831-1836

Religious TourismMajor Pilgrimage Sites

• Islam – Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem• Judaism – Jerusalem • Christianity – Jerusalem

– Roman Catholicism – Vatican City (Rome)• Numerous shrines based on appearance of the Virgin

– Orthodoxy – Istanbul • Buddhism – Bodh Gaya, Sarnath • Hinduism – Varanasi • Sikhism – Amritsar • Baha’i Faith – New Delhi

Major Pilgrimage Sites

Bodh GayaVaranasi

SarnathAmritsar

MeccaMedina

Jerusalem

Medjugorje

Vatican

LourdesFatima

Virgen de Guadalupe

Holiest City of Islam

Mecca, Saudi Arabia

Makkah (Mecca) is the holiest city in Islam and the site of pilgrimage for millions of Muslims each year. There are numerous holy sites in the city.

Makkah during the Haj Pilgrimage

The Ka’ba stands at the center of the Great Mosque (al-Haran al Sharif) in Makkah.

Jerusalem

The Old City of Jerusalem contains holy sites for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

The Temple MountJerusalem, Israel/Palestine

Temple Mount contains sites holy to both Jews and Muslims, including the Western Wall of the Second Temple, al-Aqsa Mosque, and the Dome of the Rock.

The Western Wall Jerusalem

Also known as the Wailing Wall for Jews and the Buraq Wall for Muslims

Jewish Pilgrims Praying at the Western Wall in

Jerusalem

Christian Holy Sites Church of the Holy Sepulchre

Jerusalem

Al-Aqsa Mosque Jerusalem

Dome of the Rock Jerusalem

Camino de Santiago de CompostelaWay of St. James

Christian Pilgrimage Route to Santiago de Compostela

Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, Spain

"Stjacquescompostelle1" by map of Mr Manfred Zentgraf, Volkach, Germany - Manfred Zentgraf, Volkach, Germany.

Holy Sites in Buddhism

Most holy sites in Buddhism are locations of important events in Buddha’s life and are clustered in northeastern India and southern Nepal.

Buddhist Temple

Bodh Gaya, India

Deer Park

Sarnath, India

S. Brown

Hindu Holy Places

Hierarchy of Hindu holy places: Some sites are holy to Hindus throughout India; others have a regional or sectarian importance, or are important only locally.

Transport Geography of Tourism

Transport Systems •Transportation networks•Modes of transport

– Airlines & airports– Trains & buses – Cars and taxis– Ships and ferries – Travel agents and tour

companies •Nodes

– Terminals & Interchanges

Energy Efficiency of Different Forms

of Passenger Transportation

Sustainable Energy — Without the Hot Air

by David JC MacKay, UIT: Cambridge, England

(2009).

Patterns of Movement

• Point-to-point• Hub-and-spoke • Circular

Physical Geography ofTourism

• Physical Geography– Geomorphology

• Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock formations• Plate tectonics – earthquakes and volcanoes

– Climate • Tropical versus middle and high latitude climates• Maritime versus continental climates• Wet versus dry climates • Altitude and highland climates

– Biogeography – temperature & humidity • Forests – tropical, temperate, boreal • Grasslands – prairie/steppe • Savannas• Deserts • Tundra

Plate Tectonics

World Climate Regions

The modified Köppen system divides the world into five main climate regions.

Amazon Congo Borneo NewGuinea

Serengeti

Llanos

Sahara

Patagonia

Sahel

Pampas

Mediterranean

Caribbean

Siberia

GreenlandAlaska

Calif.R

ockies

Andes

AlpsHimalayas