Historical Perspectives in Special Education
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Transcript of Historical Perspectives in Special Education
Historical Perspectives in Special Education
A brief review
Ancient Views (BC)
Seriously affected seldom survived birth Mildly disabled survived and contributed Belief in supernatural led to (2) different
views: Demons; therefore kill them Unique; therefore revere and honor Regardless, those with disabilities were
isolated
An Ethical Dilemma
Over 400,000 babies are born in the US premature
They are at risk for life long disabilities
Often policy to resuscitate all babies weighing 1 lb or more
Greek and Roman
Early: Away from supernatural to natural causes
Holistic interventions such as: Diet Exercise Natural herbs etc Mind, body, spirit
Greek and Roman (con’t)
Later in this period: Need for military superiority Therefore, needed society free of
“defectives” Returned to previous views of disability Called Era of Extermination Individual is what he is, now and forever
Greek & Roman(con’t)
Consequences of Philosophy: Punishment: Chaining Left on hills to die Thrown off cliffs Locked away Drown Father had right to terminate child’s life
Locked away
Thrown off cliffs
Chained
Greek and Roman treatment of the disabled
Middle Ages
Rigid caste system Era of Ridicule Those with disabilities were: Used as servants or fools Some were still put to death Dwarfs were used as clowns Overall, ridiculed for deformities and behavior
Middle Ages
Becky
Judy
Renaissance
Era of Asylum Catholic Church accepts those with
disabilities as wards of state Cared for in isolation No education at first, but humane
treatment Belief: Once disabled, always disabled
Industrial Revolution
Era of Education Need for mass education, literate
society, and good workers Vocational Emphasis Sheltered workshops emerged
Early Education Efforts
Itard-wolf boy, multi-sensory learning Sequin-training sequence Montessori-individualized and discovery
learning These were some seeds of special
education
Maria Montessori
Eduard Seguin
Jean-MarcItard
Pioneers in Special Education
Turn of the Century (early 1900’s) Early: Biological emphasis Institutional Care/medical model 1900-1950’s some classes for the
mentally retarded
Turn of the Century (con’t)
Late: Environmental emphasis Veterans-rise in litigation and legislation Civil Rights movement in 50’s and 60’s
Contemporary Issues
Inclusion Zero Reject Litigation/legislation Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) Parents as equal members Collaboration between general ed and
special ed