Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ...

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Historical Development of Islamic Law MARYAM INSTITUTE WWW.MARYAMINSTITUTE.ORG

Transcript of Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ...

Page 1: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

Historical Development of Islamic LawMARYAM INSTITUTE

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Sources of Guidance in IslamMODULE 1

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Sources of Guidance1. Allah (swt)

یھد قلبھ من و یؤمن با�And whoever believes in Allah - He will guide his heart. (64:11)

2. Quran –e- Karim

للناس شھر رمضان الذي أنزل فیھ القرآن ھدى The month of Ramadhan [is that] in which was revealed the Qur'an, a guidance for the people

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Sources of Guidance3. Our beloved Prophet (SAW)

على المؤمنین إذ بعث فیھم ر ن أنفسھم یتلو علیھم آی لقد من ا� یھ سوال م مھم اتھ ویزك م ویعلبین ضالل م الكتاب والحكمة وإن كانوا من قبل لفي

Certainly did Allah confer [great] favor upon the believers when He sent among them a Messenger from themselves, reciting to them

His verses and purifying them and teaching them the Book and wisdom, although they had been before in manifest error. (3:164)

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What is the “Straight Path”ليهم وال الضالني صراط الذين أنـعمت عليهم غري المغضوب ع

Surah Al-Fatiha (6-7)

The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor, not of those who have evoked [Your] anger or of those who are astray.

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4th – 7th

يقني والشهداء والصاحلني أنـعم اللـه عليهم من النبيني والص الذين د

Surah Nisaa (4:69)

(They are those) Allah Subhan’uhu Ta’ala has bestowed favor on the prophets, the steadfast affirmers of truth, the martyrs and the righteous.

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Some Believers will have more Knowledgeا خيشى اللـه من عباده العلماء إمن

Surah Fatir (35:28)

Only those fear Allah Subhan’uhu Ta’ala, from among His servants, who have knowledge.

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Page 8: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

Some believers will be specializing in Legal Knowledge (Tafaqquh)

هم طائفة ليـتـ وما كان المؤمنون لينفروا كافة فـلوال نـفر م فقهوا يف ن كل فرقة منـين ولينذروا قـومهم إذا رجعوا إليهم لعل هم حيذرون الد

Surah Tauba (9:122)

And it is not for the believers to go forth [to battle] all at once. For there should separate from every division of them a group [remaining] to obtain understanding in the religion and warn their people when they return to them that they might be cautious.

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Some believers will have more wisdomقد أ ي را كثريا وما يذكر إال ؤيت احلكمة من يشاء ومن يـؤت احلكمة فـ أولو ويت خيـ

﴾٢٦٩األلباب ﴿Surah Al-Baqarah (2:269)

He gives wisdom to whom He wills, and whoever has been given wisdom has certainly been given much good. And none will grasp the message except the men of understanding.

� أويل األلباب واتـقون Surah Al-Baqarah (2:197)

And fear Me, O you of understanding.

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Page 10: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

The Ignorant can never be equal to the Scholars in their understanding of Deen

ا يـتذكر أولو األلبابقل هل يستوي الذين يـعلمون والذين ال يـعلمون إمنSurah Az-Zumar( 39:9)

Say, "Are those who know equal to those who do not know?" It is those who are endued with understanding that receive admonition

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The Ignorant can never be equal to the Scholars in their understanding of Deen

اج ج ستوي والذین ال یعلمون كذلك ال ی أي كما ال یستوي الذین یعلمون : قال الز ویعملون ھم الذین ینتفعون بعلمھم الذین یعلمون : وقال غیره . المطیع والعاصي

ا من لم ینتفع بعلمھ ولم یعمل .بھ فھو بمنزلة من لم یعلمبھ، فأم

(Imam Qurtubi, Al-Jami’ li-Ahkamil Qur’an, Chapter on Surah Zumar)

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Who should we take our Deen from?◌ا أيـها الذين آمنوا أطيعوا اللـه وأطيعوا الرسول وأويل األمر منكم

Surah Al Nisa (4:59)

O you who have believed, obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you

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Page 13: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

Who are “Those in Authority”?وعطاء ، وكذا قال جماهد ، . أهل الفقه والدين : يعين ) منكماألمروأويل: ( وقال علي بن أيب طلحة ، عن ابن عباس

العلماء: يعين ) منكماألمروأويل ) :العاليةوأبوواحلسن البصري ،

Ali bin Abu Talha narrates from Abdullah ibn Abbas R.A. that ‘those in authority among you’ means the people of understanding (fiqh) and deen. And the same way Mujahid, Ata, Hasan Basri and Abu Aaliyah have said that ‘those in authority among you’ means the scholars.

(Ibn Kathir)

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What is the legacy of our Prophet (SAW)? Who should we follow after the Prophet (SAW)?

قيس حدثنا مسدد بن مسرهد حدثنا عبد هللا بن داود مسعت عاصم بن رجاء بن حيوة حيدث عن داود بن مجيل عن كثري بنقال كنت جالسا مع أيب الدرداء يف مسجد دمشق فجاءه رجل فقال � أاب الدرداء إين جئتك من مدينة الرسول صلى هللا

ول هللا صلى عليه وسلم حلديث بلغين أنك حتدثه عن رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وسلم ما جئت حلاجة قال فإين مسعت رسنحتها رضا هللا عليه وسلم يقول من سلك طريقا يطلب فيه علما سلك هللا به طريقا من طرق اجلنة وإن املالئكة لتضع أج

ى العابد وإن فضل العامل عللطالب العلم وإن العامل ليستغفر له من يف السموات ومن يف األرض واحليتان يف جوف املاء وا العلم كفضل القمر ليلة البدر على سائر الكواكب وإن العلماء ورثة األنبياء وإن األنبياء مل يورثوا دينارا وال درمها ورث

فمن أخذه أخذ حبظ وافر

( باب الحث على طلب العلم» كتاب العلم » سنن أبي داود )

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What is the legacy of our Prophet (SAW)? Who should we follow after the Prophet (SAW)?

Narrated Abu Darda': Kathir ibn Qays said: I was sitting with Abu-Darda' in the mosque of Damascus. A man came to him and said: Abu-Darda, I have come to you from the town of the Prophet (Saws) for a hadees that I have heard you relate from the Prophet (Saws). I have come for no other purpose. He said: I heard the Prophet (Saws) say: If anyone travels on a road in search of knowledge, Allah will cause him to travel on the roads of Paradise. The angels will lower their wings in their great pleasure with one who seeks knowledge, the inhabitants of the heavens and the Earth and the fish in the deep waters will ask forgiveness for the learned man. The superiority of the learned man over the devout is like that of the moon, on the night when it is full, over the rest of the stars. The learned are the heirs of the Prophets, and the Prophets leave neither dinar nor dirham, leaving only knowledge, and he who takes it takes an abundant portion.

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Page 16: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

Superiority of a Scholar over a Worshipperالوليد بن مسلم حدثنا روح بن جناح عن جماهد عن ابن -47ص -حدثنا حممد بن إمسعيل حدثنا إبراهيم بن موسى أخرب�

عباس قال قال رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وسلم فقيه أشد على الشيطان من ألف عابد

( باب ما جاء في فضل الفقھ على العبادة» كتاب العلم » سنن الترمذي )

Narrated: Ibn Abbas

“The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: ‘One Faqih (knowledgeable man) is more severe on the devil than a thousand devoted worshippers are.’

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Superiority of a Scholar over a Worshipperدثنا حدثنا حممد بن عبد األعلى الصنعاين حدثنا سلمة بن رجاء حدثنا الوليد بن مجيل ح

وسلم القاسم أبو عبد الرمحن عن أيب أمامة الباهلي قال ذكر لرسول هللا صلى هللا عليه على رجالن أحدمها عابد واآلخر عامل فقال رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وسلم فضل العامل

كته وأهل العابد كفضلي على أد�كم مث قال رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وسلم إن هللا ومالئخلريالسموات واألرضني حىت النملة يف جحرها وحىت احلوت ليصلون على معلم الناس ا

باب ما جاء في فضل الفقھ على العبادة» كتاب العلم » سنن الترمذي

Sayyadina Abu Ummamah Bahili reported that two men were mentioned before Allah's Messenger Saws. one of them was a devout worshipper while the other was a scholar. so Allah's Messenger Saws said, "the excellence of the scholar over the worshipper is like my excellence over the humblest of you." Then he said, "Surely, Allah, His Angels, the inhabitants of the heavens and the earths, even the ants in their holes and even the fish invoke blessings on the teacher of the people about what is good."

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Inability of a non-practising Believer to Understand Deen

عليه حدثنا أبو كريب حدثنا خلف بن أيوب العامري عن عوف عن ابن سريين عن أيب هريرة قال قال رسول هللا صلى هللاوسلم خصلتان ال جتتمعان يف منافق حسن مست وال فقه يف الدين

( باب ما جاء في فضل الفقھ على العبادة» كتاب العلم » سنن الترمذي )

Hazrat Abu Huraira R.A. reported that Allah's Messenger (Saws) said, "Two characteristics cannot combine in a hypocrite: good character and an understanding of religion."

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Asking the Learned when Ignorant

فاسألوا أهل الذكر إن كنتم ال تـعلمون Surah An-Nahl (16:43)

So ask the people of remembrance if you do not know.

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Asking the Learned when IgnorantExplanation:

أهل العلم ، واملعىن متقارب: وقيل . أهل الذكر أهل القرآن : وقال ابن عباس

Ibn Abbas r.a. said, “The people of remembrance are the people of Quran.” And some have explained it to mean the people of Ilm, and both meanings are close.

(Imam Qurtubi, Al-Jami’ li-Ahkamil Qur’an, Chapter on Surah Nahl)

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Who did the Sahaba Ikram learn Qur’an from? Sahaba had to learn Quran from the Mufassirun

Proven from Sahih Bukhari

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Sahaba learned the Qur’an from the Mufassirun

عبد هللا بن عمروبنهللاعبدذكر مسروقعن إبراهيمعن عمروعن شعبةحدثنا عمربنحفصحدثنا ة من عبد هللا بن مسعود فقال ال أزال أحبه مسعت النيب صلى هللا عليه وسلم يقول خذوا القرآن من أربع

مسعود وسامل ومعاذ بن جبل وأيب بن كعب(Saheeh Bukhari, Book Pertaining to the Virtues of Qur’an)

"Learn the Qur'an from four persons: Abd-Allah ibn Mas'ud, Salim Mawla Abu-Hudhayfah, Ubayibn Kab and Muadh ibn Jabal”

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Sahaba learned the Qur’an from the Mufassirun

عليه وسلم ضمين النيب صلى هللا: حدثنا مسدد حدثنا عبد الوارث عن خالد عن عكرمة عن ابن عباس قالابعلمه الكت: حدثنا أبو معمر حدثنا عبد الوارث وقال. اللهم علمه احلكمة: إىل صدره وقال

(Saheeh Bukhari, Book of Knowledge, Chapter on the words, ‘O Allah! Teach him the Book’)

It is related that Ibn 'Abbas said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, embraced me and said, 'O Allah! Teach him the Book!'"

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Sahaba learned the Qur’an from the Mufassirun

رضي هللا عنه هللاعبدقال قال مسروقعن مسلمحدثنا األعمشحدثنا أيبحدثنا حفصبنعمرحدثنا ة من كتاب هللا وهللا الذي ال إله غريه ما أنزلت سورة من كتاب هللا إال أ� أعلم أين أنزلت وال أنزلت آي

إال أ� أعلم فيم أنزلت ولو أعلم أحدا أعلم مين بكتاب هللا تبلغه اإلبل لركبت إليه(Saheeh Bukhari, Book Pertaining to the Virtues of Qur’an)

Ibn-e-Masud said: I swear by the only one God, no verse from the book came down for which i was not the most Knowledgeable about when it came down and where. If I knew where there was anyone whom riding beasts could reach, more Knowledgeable about the book of God than I, I would go to him.

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Tafseer from the Students of Sahaba (Tabi’un)ثـنا ثـنا طلق بن غنام ، عن عثم : أبو كريب ، قال حد رأيت جماهدا : "ان المكي ، عن ابن أيب مليكة ، قال حد

أله عن التـفسري حىت س : اكتب ، قال : قول له ابن عباس يسأل ابن عباس عن تـفسري القرآن ومعه ألواحه ، فـيـ "كله

Ibn e Jarir [at-Tabari] reported from Abu Kurayb, who narrated from TalaqIbn e Ghannum on the authority of 'Uthman al-Makki, that Ibn AbiMulayka said, "I saw Mujahid, with his slates in his hand, asking about the interpretation of the Qur'an. [Whenever he posed a question] Ibn 'Abbas said to him, 'Write.' This went on until Mujahid had asked Ibn 'Abbas about the interpretation of the whole text." (Imam Tabari, Jami’ al-Bayan ‘an taweel ay al-Quran, Chapter mentioning some reports from the Predecessors regarding whom from amongst the earlier Exegetes was praiseworthy in terms of his knowledge of Exegesis and who was blameworthy)

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Tafseer from the Students of Sahaba (Tabi’un)ثـنا ثـنا : ، قال كريب أبوحد ثـنا : ، قاال ري ويونس بن بك ، المحاريب حد أابن بن ، عن حممد بن إسحاق حدىل خامتته ، اس ثالث عرضات ، من فاحتته إ عرضت المصحف على ابن عب : " ، قال جماهد ، عن صالح

ها أوقفه عند كل آية منه ، وأسأله عنـMuhammad bin Ishaq recounted from Aban bin Salih that Mujahid said, "I spread out the Mushaf [i.e. the text of the Quran] before Ibn 'Abbas three times, from its opening surah to its closing one. At each and every verse I stopped him and asked him about it.“(Imam Tabari, Jami’ al-Bayan ‘an taweel ay al-Quran, Chapter mentioning some reports from the Predecessors regarding whom from amongst the earlier Exegetes was praiseworthy in terms of his knowledge of Exegesis and who was blameworthy)

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Rank of the Sahabaثـنا سالم ، ثنا بن روح عبد اهلل ، ثنا أمحد بن كامل ، ثنا القاضي ر علي بن عم ، ثنا عبد بن أمحد � : ، قال أمحد بن عمر حد

عليه وس قال رسول اهلل : ، قال جابر ، عن سفيان أيب ، عن األعمش ، عن احلارث بن غضيف ، ثنا بن سليم : لم صلى اهللتم أصحايب " تم اهتديـ “كالنجوم أبيهم اقـتديـ

(Ibn Abdul Bir, Jami’ Bayan ul-Ilm wa Fadhlihi)

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Page 28: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

Rank of the Sahabaثـنا ، الم بن سليمان س ، � عبد اهلل بن روح ، � عيد الكويف أمحد بن حممد بن س ، � بكر أمحد بن إبـراهيم بن شاذان أبوحد

عليه قال رسول اهلل ص : ، قال جابر ، عن سفيان أيب ، عن األعمش عن , واحلارث بن غصني ، قـيس بن الربيع � لى اهللتم مثل أصحايب يف أميت كمثل النجوم أبيها أخذمت : " وسلم “ اهتديـ

(Abu Tahir Salafi, Al-Aashir min al-Masheekha al-Baghdadiyah)

Jabir R.A. reports that the Prophet s.a.w said: “My Companions are like stars, whoever you follow, you will be gudied.”

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Page 29: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

A Saheeh Hadith in Muslim referring to the Sahaba as ‘Stars’

بة حدثـنا حسني بن ثـناحد أبو بكر قال حسني كلهم عن عمر بن أابن وعبد اهلل بن وإسحق بن إبـراهيم أبو بكر بن أيب شيـنا المغرب مع رسول اهلل قال أبيه عن بـردة أيب عن سعيد بن أيب بـردة عن جممع بن حيىي عن علي اجلعفي عليه صليـ صلى اهلل

نا فـقال ما زلت وسلم مث قـلنا لو جلسنا حىت نصلي معه العشاء قال فجلسنا ف نا معك م هاهنا قـلنا � رسول اهلل خرج عليـ صليـتم أو تم قال فـرفع رأسه المغرب مث قـلنا جنلس حىت نصلي معك العشاء قال أحسنـ ا مما يـرفع رأسه إىل السماء وكان كثري أصبـ

أصحايب ما ألصحايب فإذا ذهبت أتىأمنة ء ما توعد وأ� أتى السماالنجوم فإذا ذهبت النجوم أمنة للسماء إىل السماء فـقال ون ألميت فإذا ذهب أصحايب أتى أميت ما يوعد أمنة يوعدون وأصحايب

(Sahih Muslim, Book on the Virtues of the Companions)

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Page 30: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

A Saheeh Hadith in Muslim referring to the Sahaba as ‘Stars’

Abu Burda reported on the authority of his father: We offered the sunset prayer along with Allaah's Prophet (sallAllaahu alayhi wa sallam). We then said: If we sit (along with Allaah'sMessenger) and observe night prayer with him it would be very good, so we sat down and he came to us and said: You are still sitting here. I said: Allaah's Messenger, we observed evening prayer with you, then we said: Let us sit down and observe night prayer along with you, whereupon he said: You have done well or you have done right. He then lifted his head towards the sky and it often happened that as he lifted his head towards the sky, he said: The stars are a source of security for the sky and when the stars disappear there comes to the sky, i. e. (it meets the same fate) as it has been promised (it would plunge into darkness). And I am a source of safety and security to my Companions and when I would go away there would fall to the lot (of my Companions) as they have been promised with and my Companions are a source of security for the Umma and as they would go there would fall to the lot of my Umma as (its people) have been promised.

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Page 31: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

Another Hadith on Rank of Sahabaثـناحممود بن غيالن حدثـنا عم عبد الرمحن بن ز� ، عن فيان الثـوري س ، عن أبو داود احلفري ، حد د بن أنـ

عليه و : ، قال روعبد اهلل بن عم ، عن عبد اهلل بن يزيد ، عن األفريقي " :سلم قال رسول اهلل صلى اهللهم من أ ليأتني على أميت ما أتى على بين إسرائيل ، حذو النـعل النية لكان تى أمه ع ابلنـعل حىت إن كان منـتـني وسبعني ملة ، وتـفرتق أ يف أميت من يصنع ذلك ، وإن بين إسرائيل تـفرقت عل على ثالث ميت ى ثنـ

, "ايب ما أ� عليه وأصح : ي � رسول اهلل ؟ قال ومن ه : وسبعني ملة كلهم يف النار إال ملة واحدة ، قالوا ل هذا إال من هذا الوجه هذا حديث حسن غريب مفسر ، ال نـعرفه مث : قال أبو عيسى

ميان -سنن الرتمذي ( )فرقةتفرقت اليهود على إحدى وسبعني أو اثنتني وسبعني-كتاب اإل

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Page 32: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

Another Hadith on Rank of SahabaNarrated by Abdullah ibn AmrAllah's Messenger (peace be upon him) said: There will befall my Ummah exactly (all those) evils which befell the people of Isra'il, so much so that if there was one amongst them who openly committed fornication with his mother there will be among my Ummah one who will do that, and if the people of Isra'il were fragmented into seventy-two sects my Ummah will be fragmented into seventy-three sects. All of them will be in Hell Fire except one sect. They (the Companions) said: Allah's Messenger, which is that? Whereupon he said: It is one to which I and my companions belong.

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Page 33: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

Take Fiqh from People of KnowledgeSayyidina Muaz R.A. was sent to teach Deen to Yemen.حدثنا هناد حدثنا وكيع عن شعبة عن أيب عون الثقفي عن احلارث بن عمرو عن رجال من أصحاب معاذ

تاب هللا أن رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وسلم بعث معاذا إىل اليمن فقال كيف تقضي فقال أقضي مبا يف كسنة رسول هللا قال فإن مل يكن يف كتاب هللا قال فبسنة رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وسلم قال فإن مل يكن يف

وسلم صلى هللا عليه وسلم قال أجتهد رأيي قال احلمد هلل الذي وفق رسول رسول هللا صلى هللا عليهقضيابب ما جاء يف القاضي كيف ي» كتاب األحكام عن رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وسلم » الرتمذي سنن

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Page 34: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

Take Fiqh from People of KnowledgeSayyadina Muadh R.A. reported that when Allah’s Messenger saws sent him to Yemen, he asked him how he would decide (cases). He said, “I will decide in accordance with Allah’s Book (Quran).” He asked, “what if it is not in the Book of Allah?” He said, “then in accordance to the sunnah of Allah’s Messenger Saws.” He asked, “And if it’s not on the sunnah of Allah’s Messenger Saws?” he said, “I will make ijtehad through my Judgement.” The Prophet Saws said, “Praise belongs to Allah Who has made the messenger of the Messenger of Allah consistent with what pleases Him.”

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Page 35: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

Four Sources of Islamic Law1. Quran

2. Sunnah

3. Ijma (consensus)4. Qiyas

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Page 36: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

Four Sources of Islamic LawSayyidina Abdullah bin Mas’ud (ra):“… as from today, whoever is faced with an issue, he should decide by what is in the Book of Allah swt. And if an affair comes to him that is not in the Book of Allah swt, he should decide by what His Prophet SAW decided, and if an affair comes to him that is not in the book of Allah and His Prophet saw did not decide upon it, then he should decide by what the righteous decided, and if an affair comes to him that is not in the book of Allah and His Prophet saw did not decide upon it, and the righteous did not decided upon it, then he should use his own reasoning” (Sunan al-Nisai, Vol 2)

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Page 37: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

Decline of True Knowledge Towards the End of Timesلى حدثنا عمران بن ميسرة قال حدثنا عبد الوارث عن أيب التياح عن أنس بن مالك قال قال رسول هللا ص

هللا عليه وسلم إن من أشراط الساعة أن يرفع العلم ويثبت اجلهل ويشرب اخلمر ويظهر الز� ( ابب رفع العلم وظهور اجلهل» كتاب العلم » صحيح البخاري

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Page 38: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

Decline of True Knowledge Towards the End of Timesأحد حدثنا مسدد قال حدثنا حيىي عن شعبة عن قتادة عن أنس بن مالك قال ألحدثنكم حديثا ال حيدثكم

يظهر بعدي مسعت رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وسلم يقول من أشراط الساعة أن يقل العلم ويظهر اجلهل و الز� وتكثر النساء ويقل الرجال حىت يكون خلمسني امرأة القيم الواحد

( ابب رفع العلم وظهور اجلهل» كتاب العلم » صحيح البخاري )

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Page 39: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

Another Category of People to Learn fromWho are the Awliya-ullah?

إن أولياؤه إال المتـقون Surah Anfaal (8:34)

The Awliya are not but the righteous

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Page 40: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

Another Category of People to Learn fromأال إن أولياء اللـه ال خوف عليهم وال هم حيزنون

Surah Yunus (10:62)Unquestionably, [for] the friends of Allah there will be no fear

concerning them, nor will they grieve

ثـنا حممد بن سع ثـنا علي بن حرب الرازي حد ثـنا يـعقوب بن عبد قال البـزار حد شعري اهلل األ يد بن سابق حدي عن جعفر بن أيب المغرية عن سعيد بن جبـري ع ن قال رجل � رسول اهلل م : ن ابن عباس قال وهو القم

الذين إذا رءوا ذكر اهلل " أولياء اهلل ؟ قال (Ibn Katheer, Tafseer ul-Quran ul-Azeem, Chapter on Surah Yunus)

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Page 41: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

People of Remembrance of Allah swt

ق السماوات واألرض الذين يذكرون اللـه قياما وقـعودا وعلى جنوهبم ويـتـفكرون يف خل Surah Ale-Imran (3:191)

Those people who remember Allah while standing or sitting or [lying] on their sides and give thought to the creation of the heavens and the earth.

بصار ما تـتـقلب فيه القلوب واأل لزكاة خيافون يـو رجال ال تـلهيهم جتارة وال بـيع عن ذكر اللـه وإقام الصالة وإيتاء اSurah Nur (24:37)

Those men whom neither commerce nor sale distracts from remembrance of Allah and performance of prayer and giving of zakat. They fear a Day in which the hearts and eyes will [fearfully] turn about.

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Page 42: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

People of Remembrance of Allah swtCommand to keep the company of the Saadiqeen:

وكونوا مع الصادقني Surah Taubah (9:119)

Be with those who are true.

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Page 43: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

People of Remembrance of Allah swtStatus of Awliya-ullah:

ليه حدثنا زهري بن حرب حدثنا جرير عن سهيل عن أبيه عن أيب هريرة قال قال رسول هللا صلى هللا ع السماء وسلم إن هللا إذا أحب عبدا دعا جربيل فقال إين أحب فال� فأحبه قال فيحبه جربيل مث ينادي يف

غض عبدا فيقول إن هللا حيب فال� فأحبوه فيحبه أهل السماء قال مث يوضع له القبول يف األرض وإذا أب يبغض فال� دعا جربيل فيقول إين أبغض فال� فأبغضه قال فيبغضه جربيل مث ينادي يف أهل السماء إن هللا

فأبغضوه قال فيبغضونه مث توضع له البغضاء يف األرض

ابب إذا أحب هللا عبدا حببه إىل عباد» كتاب الرب والصلة واآلداب » صحيح مسلم

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Page 44: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

People of Remembrance of Allah swt

Abu Huraira reported that Allah's Messenger (Saws) said: When Allah loves a servant, He calls Gabriel and says: Verily, I love so and so; you should also love him, and then Gabriel begins to love him. Then he makes an announcement in the heaven saying: Allah loves so and so and you also love him, and then the inhabitants of the Heaven (the angels) also begin to love him and then there is conferred honor upon him in the earth; and when Allah is angry with any servant He calls Gabriel and says: I am angry with such and such and you also become angry with him, and then Gabriel also becomes angry and then makes an announcement amongst the inhabitants of heaven: Verily Allah is angry with so-and so, so you also become angry with him, and thus they also become angry with him. Then he becomes the object of wrath on the earth also.”

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Page 45: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

People of Remembrance of Allah swtAllah swt’s Love for His Awliya:

عنه قال رة رضي اهلل : عليه وسلم قال رسول اهلل صلى اهلل : عن أيب هريـته ابحل : إن اهلل عز وجل قال " إيل مما رب، وما تـقرب إيل عبدي بشيء أحب من عادى يل وليا، فـقد آذنـ

تـرضت عليه، وما يـزال عبدي يـتـقرب إيل ابلنـوافل ته، كنت مس افـ الذي يسمع به، عه حىت أحبه، فإذا أحبـبـلئن استـعاذين نه، و اليت ميشي هبا، وإن سألين ألعطيـ وبصره الذي يـبصر به، ويده اليت يـبطش هبا، ورجله

مساءته � أكره س عبدي المؤمن، يكره الموت وأ ألعيذنه، وما تـرددت عن شيء أ� فاعله تـرددي عن نـف “Saheeh Bukhari, Book of Riqaq (Melting the Heart), Chapter on Humility

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Page 46: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

People of Remembrance of Allah swtOn the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said that the Messenger of Allah (Saws) said:"Allah (Subhan wa Ta’ala) said:Whosoever shows enmity to someone devoted to Me, I shall be at war with him. My servant draws not near to Me with anything more loved by Me than the religious duties I have enjoined upon him, and My servant continues to draw near to Me with supererogatory works so that I shall love him. When I love him I am his hearing with which he hears, his seeing with which he sees, his hand with which he strikes and his foot with which he walks. Were he to ask [something] of Me, I would surely give it to him, and were he to ask Me for refuge, I would surely grant him it. I do not hesitate about anything as much as I hesitate about [seizing] the soul of My faithful servant: he hates death and I hate hurting him.

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Page 47: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

Seeking Knowledge from the Scholars of Islamic Spiritualityفاسأل به خبريا الرمحـن

Surah Furqan (25:59)The Most Merciful, so ask about Him one well informed.

استعلم عنه من هو خبري به عامل به فاتبعه واقتد به: أي “That is, seek knowledge from the one who is well-informed of it, has knowledge of it, so follow him and take guidance from him”

(Imam Tabari, Jami’ al-Bayan ‘an taweel ay al-Quran,Chapter on Surah Furqan)

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Page 48: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

Seeking Knowledge from the Scholars of Islamic SpiritualityIbn Mas'ud r.a.'s advice for People in Doubt

ين اليوم حدثنا عثمان بن أيب شيبة حدثنا جرير عن منصور عن أيب وائل قال قال عبد هللا رضي هللا عنه لقد أاتلينا يف رجل فسألين عن أمر ما دريت ما أرد عليه فقال أرأيت رجال مؤد� نشيطا خيرج مع أمرائنا يف املغازي فيعزم ع

يعزم أشياء ال حنصيها فقلت له وهللا ما أدري ما أقول لك إال أ� كنا مع النيب صلى هللا عليه وسلم فعسى أن الشفاه منهوإذا شك يف نفسه شيء سأل رجال فعلينا يف أمر إال مرة حىت نفعله وإن أحدكم لن يزال خبري ما اتقى هللا

وأوشك أن ال جتدوه والذي ال إله إال هو ما أذكر ما غرب من الدنيا إال كالثغب شرب صفوه وبقي كدره

(Saheeh Bukhari, Book of Fighting for the Cause of Allah, Chapter on the leader giving orders according to the ability of people)

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Page 49: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

Seeking Knowledge from the Scholars of Islamic SpiritualityNarrated Abdullah Ra: Today a man came to me and asked me a question which I did not know how to answer. He said, "Tell me, if a wealthy active man, well-equipped with arms, goes out on military expeditions with our chiefs, and orders us to do such things as we cannot do (should we obey him?)" I replied, "By Allah, I do not know what to reply you, except that we, were in the company of the Prophet and he used to order us to do a thing once only till we finished it. And no doubt, everyone among you will remain in a good state as long as he obeys Allah. If one is in doubt, he should ask somebody who would satisfy him, but soon will come a time when you will not find such a man. By Him, except Whom none has the right to be worshipped. I see that the example of what has passed of this life (to what remains thereof) is like a pond whose fresh water has been used up and nothing remains but muddy water."

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Page 50: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

Seeking Knowledge from the Scholars of Islamic SpiritualityA Prophet's Example of Seeking Knowledge from Someone

اس إن حدثنا احلميدي حدثنا سفيان حدثنا عمرو بن دينار قال أخربين سعيد بن جبري قال قلت البن عبنوفا البكايل يزعم أن موسى صاحب اخلضر ليس هو موسى صاحب بين إسرائيل فقال ابن عباس كذب

با يف بين عدو هللا حدثين أيب بن كعب أنه مسع رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه وسلم يقول إن موسى قام خطين يل عبدا إسرائيل فسئل أي الناس أعلم فقال أ� فعتب هللا عليه إذ مل يرد العلم إليه فأوحى هللا إليه إ

قال حىت انتهيا إىل الصخرة فإذا رجل مسجى ثواب فسلم عليه موسى ف…مبجمع البحرين هو أعلم منكاخلضر وأىن أبرضك السالم قال أ� موسى قال موسى بين إسرائيل قال نعم أتيتك لتعلمين مما علمت

. …رشدا

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Page 51: Historical Development of Islamic La · Sources of Guidance 1. Allah (tsw ) ۚ ُﮫَﺑﻠَْﻗ دِﮭَْﯾ ﺎِﱠِﺑ نﻣِؤُْﯾ نﻣَ و And whoever believes in

Seeking Knowledge from the Scholars of Islamic SpiritualityNarrated Said bin Jubair: I said to Ibn 'Abbas, "Nauf-al-Bakali " claims that moses of BaniIsrael was not moses, the companion of Al-Khadir." Ibn 'Abbas said, "Allah's enemy tells a lie! Ubai bin Ka'b narrated to us that Allah's Apostle said, 'Moosa a.s. got up to deliver a sermon before Bani Israel and he was asked, 'Who is the most learned person among the people?' Moosa a.s. replied, 'I (am the most learned).' Allah then admonished Moosa a.s. for he did not ascribe all knowledge to Allah only (Then) came the Divine Inspiration:-- 'Yes, one of Our slaves at the junction of the two seas is more learned than you.'...When they reached the rock, they found a man covered with a garment. Moosa a.s greeted him. The man said astonishingly, 'Is there any such greeting in your land?' Moosa a.s. said, 'I am Moosa.' The man said, 'Moosa of Bani Israel?' Moosa a.s. said, 'Yes,' and added, 'may I follow you so that you teach me something of the Knowledge which you have been taught?'…(Sahih Bukhari, Book on Exegesis of Quran, Chapter on ‘And when Moses said to his servant, "I will not cease [traveling] until I reach the junction of the two seas or continue for a long period.’)

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