historic formin focus

A strAtegic Asset plAn for germAn VillAge

table of contents

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f o r e w o r d

i n t r o d u c t i o n

A p l A c e t o c A l l h o m e

e V e r y s t e p tA k e n

t h e b i g g e r p i c t u r e

t e c h n i c A l

c i tAt i o n s

f o r e w o r d

German Village is a critical historic resource in the Central Ohio community and a neighborhood valued for its well-preserved identity and community character. Residents and visitors alike identify the district as a valuable national asset that represents a quintessential example of late nineteenth and early twentieth century urban character and architecture. Today, the community shares a universal passion for ensuring its historic neighborhood character is the highest priority in all future decisions that impact the neighborhood.

The goal of this undergraduate studio team was to research and catalog existing German Village conditions and create a comprehensive historic preservation plan that outlines future neighborhood goals, scenarios, and implementation strategies. The German Village Historical Society served as the primary professional direction for the class. The Society serves as the representative organization of the greater German Village community and provided input and guidance during each stage of the studio process. The team documented the neighborhood through extensive site visits and produced updated property information for all 1,587 area structures. Additional guest speakers with specific historic preservation experience shared their perspective and expertise during studio lectures.

The historic form of German Village is its most notable characteristic. Residents and visitors value the character of the architecture, the brick streets and sidewalks, and the close sense of community. These features distinguish the district, making it a unique destination. What German Village is today, and what it will be in the future, is closely tied to the legacy of its historic form.

Historic Form In Focus is an evaluation of German Village in the context of historic form. Each chapter discusses one aspect of historic form and provides specific recommendations for improvement. This plan seeks to respect and highlight aspects of German Village’s historic character while addressing modern concerns. The centrality of historic form is illustrated throughout the plan. The first page of each plan element describes the connection between the planning objectives and historic form. Historic form is the focus of the plan to ensure that the German Village neighborhood is maintained for future generations.

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introduction

s t u d i o t e A m

s c o p e o f w o r k

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At A g l A n c e

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Teresa BevacquaAffordabilityEvents and Tourism

Lisa KowalskiDogs

Will HughenWalkabilityInfrastructure

Lexi PetrellaConnectivity

Brandon GossStreets

Chan NgocSidewalks

Elizabeth KallayADA ComplianceMaintenance

Michael WidmanCodesParking

Sarah DavisNeighboring Communities

Shane KrennLand Use

Vincent E. Johns Jr.Connectivity

Erin SchwabCrime/SafetyParks

David OgdenTrees

Jarian OgdenSchools

Kyle EzellProfessor

Whitney Airgood-ObryckiProfessor

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s t u d i o t e A m

s c o p e o f w o r k

Founded in 1963, the German Village Historic District was one of the first local historic districts in the United States. The District was formed at the same time as the German Village Commission. The Commission is made up of 7 appointees that work to preserve the historic features of German Village by establishing and enforcing guidlines specifying standards for alterations. The neighborhood was also one of the first districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places. German Village submitted a comprehensive inventory of all neighborhood structures in its National Register of Historic Places listing application. This property inventory has not seen a comprehensive update since the 1980s and must be updated to understand how the neighborhood has changed in the past 50 years. Preservation in German Village depends on an accurate and current inventory. Understanding the existing German Village conditions will help community members protect and preserve the neighborhood in the future. Updated property imagery and characteristics will assist all levels of government, nonprofit, and private agencies’ efficient understanding of available resources.The update will also help historic preservation educators and advocates provide informed educational materials to the broader community. In addition to the creation of this planning document, the team conducted background research in preparation for the 2016 formal inventory updates and assessed the condition of all 1,587 structures in the German Village Historic District. Architectural styles, land uses, structure alterations, and new additions were identified and recorded for inclusion in the update. The team derived and updated the approximate date of construction for all structures and additions using information in Central Ohio Sanborn Maps, the Franklin County Auditor database, City of Columbus Certificate of Appropriateness documentation, and German Village Society physical archives.

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out of 1,587 properties surveyed:We spent a lot of time looking at houses in the German Village. Some we looked at longer than others. Here are just a few of the ones we lingered on.

e l i z A b e t h k A l l AyThis home looked so small, but as I walked further down the street, I saw the expansions. They were well hidden and obvious, a good example of historical appropriateness.

39 E. Hoster Street

m i c h A e l w i d m A nI considered this house the most interesting house out of the homes that I surveyed. Architecturally it is unique and interesting and it features old metal signs from when the building was the Virginia Welch Realty office.

543 Mohawk Street

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584 City Park Avenue

857 City Park Avenue

b r A n d o n g o s sI love the use of large arched windows along with the off centered porch and the environmental features just take this piece of property over the top.

V i n c e n t j o h n sThis is my favorite house because it was a great example of a venacular Queen Anne. The historic elements are well-preserved and hard to see from the exterior of the house and exhibited a beautiful front porch.

948 Jaeger Street

793 S. Fifth Street

t e r e s A b e V A c q u AThis house is one of my favorites because of its prominence on the corner. Its stone facade and high style elements really stand out and exemplify the history German Village is known for.

e r i n s c h w A bThis double brick cottage stood out to me as I was surveying the street because the brick had been painted gray to preserve damaged brick facade.

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144 E Whittier Street

275 E. Beck Street

d A V i d o g d e nThis two story brick home was one of my most memorable because of the unique environmental elements that cannot be found anywhere else in German Village.

w i l l h u g h e nThis house stood out to me while surveying because of the contemporary recent additions, it connects the original brick structure to a frame structure home to the south and is respectful to the historic form of the surrounding buildings.

576 S. Third Street

j A r i A n o g d e nThis house stood out to me while surveying because of the addition, it was added on between the years 1891 and 1901. It was a waiting room for Dr. Myrwood’s patients.

l e x i p e t r e l l AThis house has a wonderful location close to Schiller Park. The detail around the home is gorgeous. This building is a great example of the craftsmanship around German Village.

147 E. Deschler Avenue

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s A r A h d A V i sThis particular house resonated with me because it takes my love of the neighborhood’s cozy historic cottages one step further by being nestled so tightly between the two neighboring properties.

l i s A k o w A l s k iThis was one of my favorite examples of a classic brick cottage. With a simple façade of only two bays, and a lovely arched window on the second floor, it caught my eye instantly.

552 S. Sixth Street

753 S. Third Street

729 Mohawk Street

48 E. Frankfort Street

s h A n e k r e n nI loved the subtle conversion from two separate parcels into one and the 1 story vinyl addition that joins the 1.5 story cottage and italianate structures is set back behind the driveway and becomes hidden when a car is parked.

c h A n d A r A n g o cA Princess Anne house. I love the different use of materials! Especially the fish scale siding acting as an accent to the house.

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At A g l A n c e

Module Implementation Proposed Start Date

Connectivity Create the highway cap 2017

WalkabilityAddress regional walkability challenges and enhance connections to nearby neighborhoods. 2016

Other Neighborhoods

Create partnerships between governments, businesses, and citizens. 2016

SchoolsSend newsletters or informative pamphlets to parents in German Village. 2016

ADA

Distribute "ADA Update: Small Business Primer" to local businesses and encourage readily achievable barrier removal. 2016

MaintenanceFine code violators and create a monthly newsletter with tips to avoid fines 2016

Community Events/Tourism Improve social media presence 2016

Affordability Create a repair fund 2016

TreesCreate and register a community organization for trees for the community 2016

Historic Codes Set up a community fund for alterations 2016

Parking

Update the current parking permit zones while changing policy on other zones and implementing clearer signage 2016

Dogs Create a dog park 2016

SidewalksCreate a discount program for sidewalk repair projects. 2016

Bricks Protect and preserve all brick infrastruture 2016

ParksReplace sandstone under the umbrella girl statue with granite 2035

Parks Restore the historic columns in Schiller Park 2035

ParksReplace picnic tables and build a picnic pavilion in Schiller Park 2025

Parks Fertilize the green areas of Schiller Park 2017

Parks Update the pond in Schiller Park 2035

A summary of our proposed solutions for each module

Proposed End Date Estimated Cost Funding Source

2022 HighODOT, HUD, Federal Transit Administration, ODNR, City of Columbus Economic Development Office

Continuous Moderate City of Columbus, ODOT

Continuous LowOther neighborhoods, local businesses, supportive community members

Continuous Low fundraisers, school funds (taxes)

Continuous Low-moderateTax credits; private, state, and federal grants; Property owners.

Continuous Low City of Columbus, fundraising, grants

Continuous Low Fundraisers, grants

Continuous ModerateFederal and state funding, historic tax credits/grant programs, fundraising, local sponsors

Continuous Low-ModerateGrants, Tax Credits, fundraising, list of potential grants included in module

Continuous Moderate City of Columbus, violation fines

Continuous Low ODOT, City of Columbus

2018 Moderate City of Columbus, fundraising, donations

Continuous Moderate Grants, fundraising

Continuous Moderate Grants, fundraising

2035 Moderate Friends of Schiller Park

2035 High Columbus Parks and Recreation Department

Continuous Moderate Friends of Schiller Park

Continuous Low Columbus Parks and Recreation Department

2035 High Columbus Parks and Recreation Department, fundraising 18

a place to call home

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pA r k s

e V e n t s & t o u r i s m

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A f f o r d A b i l i t y

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Schiller Park has been an integral part of German Village’s historic form since its establishment in 1857. It has become a destination for people from all over Columbus and even Ohio. Frank Fetch Park is a much smaller pocket park that became a part of German Village’s history in 1962, and was renamed for the pioneering historic preservationist Frank Fetch in 1985. Both of these green spaces are loved by residents and tourists alike and provide unique recreational spaces that break up the traditional urban fabric of the district. Without these areas to walk around and enjoy with family/friends, the quality of life in German Village would not be the same.

parksGerman Village is home to two parks: Schiller Park and Frank Fetch Park. Schiller Park is a large open park while Frank Fetch is a small pocket park tucked into a small lot. These parks are both German Village gems but are in need of some updating. The Columbus Parks and Recreation Department, Friends of Schiller Park, Friends of Frank Fetch Park, and the German Village Garten Club all share the responsibilities of caring for, updating, and maintaining both parks. Outlined below are goals for the future of these parks and subsequent strategies for reaching these goals.

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e x i s t i n g c o n d i t i o n sGerman Village is home to two parks. The larger of the two, and the most well known, is Schiller Park providing 23 acres of green space to the community. A combination of volunteers and Columbus’ Parks and Recreation Department maintain this park. A committee under German Village Society, Friends of Schiller Park, is responsible for the upkeep of historic trees. This committee has credited themselves with a number of projects that have benefitted the park and the surrounding area. The smaller of the two, modeled after a German Bier Garten, is Frank Fetch Park. This is a small pocket park nestled deep in the neighborhood. This park is maintained under two different committees within the German Village Society: German Village Garten Club and Friends of Frank Fetch Park.

German Village residents consider both parks to be an amenity; 21% of survey respondents listed parks as one of the top three things they liked about German Village. However, residents in the focus group argued that more green space was needed in the neighborhood, especially fenced-in areas for dogs as there is no place within the neighborhood for dogs to roam leash-free.

The parks are home to a variety of events and activities throughout the year. Notable events occurring in the park include the Third Sunday Concert Series in Frank Fetch Park and shows put on by the Actors Theater of Columbus in the Amphitheater in Schiller Park throughout the summer.

Events and Maintenance come from the efforts managed through a number of organizations and departments. The Columbus Parks and Recreation Department, the German Village Garten Club, Friend’s of Schiller Park, and Friend’s of Frank Fetch Park collaborate to address the needs of the parks. The German Village Garten Club credits themselves with the installation of new park benches and tables in Frank Fetch Park. The Club is also responsible for maintaining street planters and Frank Fetch Park.

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s h o r t t e r mg o A l s

Fertilize green spaceBy fertilizing the grass at Schiller Park, the park will be more lush and desirable for the community. The aesthetic of Schiller Park will greatly increase. Currently, there is not enough funding within the parks department to fund ferti l ization, according to a representative. Friends of Schiller Park or another organization would have to fundraise to keep the grass green and appealing.

Increase green space and landscaping throughout the neighborhood. German Village prides itself on being a walkable community with mixed commercial and residential land uses. The parks are also scattered throughout these different land uses. Access to green space will be increased.

l o n g t e r mRedevelop and update the picnic space. The current picnic space is in need of a major overhaul. Friends of Schiller Park replaced some of the picnic tables several years ago but the area has not been updated since. A new covered picnic area along with several new picnic tables would benefit the park as a whole. The German Village Garten Club recently fundraised for three new picnic tables in Frank Fetch Park.

Restore Schiller Park’s historic columns. A representative of the Columbus Parks and Recreation department has declared that one of the long term goals for Schiller Park is to restore the historic columns to their original state. However, funds are limited and this is not a priority for the parks department.

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Update and modify the existing pond and Umbrella Girl Fountain. Both Friends of Schiller Park and the Columbus Parks and Recreation Department representatives outlined updating the pond in their future goals. The goal is to create a sustainable pond for the area to allow for a more aesthetically pleasing and functional park for its users. Friends of Schiller wants the Umbrella Girl Statue to be cleaned and modified to be a desirable destination in the park.

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s c e n A r i o sScenario AKeep Schiller Park and Frank Fetch Park as is with no changes. Schiller Park and Frank Fetch Park host a number of events and are frequented often by residents and visitors alike. Gartens, picnic space, and recreational facilities are adequate for the needs of the community.

Scenario BIncrease green space. Adding additional green space in German Village would benefit the community as a whole. The addition of small pocket parks and additional landscaping such as street planters on frequented streets will create a more walkable community that will soften the hard edges of the neighborhood.

Scenario CMake the needed infrastructure updates to the parks as suggested.By taking the initiative to make all the needed updates outlined above, the parks in German Village will become more aesthetically pleasing for both neighbors and visitors in the neighborhood. These updates will also likely create a more sustainable parks which will continue to serve German Village in the future.

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i m p l e m e n tAt i o nPhase 1Create a series of fundraisers to update the park. The Friends groups already host a variety of fundraisers throughout the year. The groups will need to collaborate with each other, the Parks and Recreation Department, the German Village Garten Club, and the German Village Society to find a means to allocate funds towards projects for the parks.

Phase 2Begin working on projects. Coordinate volunteer groups for easy projects and hire local contractors for larger restoration projects.

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Stage 1Fertilize grass to attract more people to the park. This is the cheapest large scale project that will benefit the success of Schiller Park. Increasing the quality of grass for the entirety of the park makes the area more desirable and aesthetically pleasing to its users.

Stage 2Build a new picnic pavilion and replace old picnic tables with new picnic tables to increase use within Schiller Park. People will already be more likely to enter an aesthetically pleasing park due to the greenery, but a new and updated picnic area will allow for people to stay within the park as they use the facilities.

Stage 3Update existing infrastructure: the Umbrella Girl Statue, pond, and historic columns. These projects are all costly but will help in updating and revitalizing the park to its maximum potential. By completing these projects, Schiller Park will become a destination park that is universally updated for the use of current and future residents and visitors.

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The design of German Village is that of a mixed-use district that provides for the formation of a close-knit community. There are many events and meetings for residents to get to know each other and converse, while also working to preserve and improve an area they love. German Village’s unique historic form provides opportunities for heritage tourism and for the community to host events that were influenced by the German culture, such as the Haus und Garten tour. Both of these cultural expressions allow for the sharing of the unique history of this Columbus district.

events & tourismGerman Village residents take pride in their community. “Strong sense of community” was ranked very highly as one of the reasons residents love living in the neighborhood. German Village is popular with the residents and tourists. It is frequently listed as a destination for visitors to experience German culture and architecture. Special events provide entertainment for both residents and tourists in the community and strengthen the connection between residents.

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e x i s t i n g c o n d i t i o n sColumbus is known for its wide variety of events and festivals throughout the year, and German Village has festivities to cater to all ages. A noteworthy event hosted by the German Village Society is the Haus und Garten tour. This provides a unique opportunity for visitors to interact with residents and tour selected homes in the neighborhood and learn about the history of the district. There is a wide variety of other events, which are listed in the table on the next page.

The events contribute to the vibrancy that residents llike about the community. German Village has historic character, an energetic neighborhood environment, and residents who care about each other and their community. This is what makes the atmosphere of the Village so unique.

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325

10,000

Haus und Garten Tour

A formal tea party event held at the

German Village Guest House that benefits

the Village’s preservation projects.

Mid-August

Mid-July

A night to sample local fare and enjoy pop-up

galleries in garages that feature individual artists and their works.

Village Lights

Monster Bash

Tea 43206

Art Crawl

Day Before Haus und Garten Tour

Late-June 4,000

600

2,500

Early December

An all-inclusive adult Halloween party

featuring stops all around the

neighborhood and a party at the meeting

house to follow.

Haus und Garten PreTour

A sneak peak of the homes that will be

featured at the actual tour, plus an inside

look at other restricted areas. Also includes a

cocktail hour and a private dinner at a

local home.

A tour of the neighborhood and

select homes; highlights the

community and history of the area.

Mid-October

Name of Event Description When It Occurs Number of Visitors

A holiday season kick-off event with

special offers at local retailers.

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German Village implements a variety of festivals, but the marketing of them outside of the Village is currently lacking. The German Village Society can establish and use social media accounts in a more targeted way. This could generate more interest in events and attract a greater number of tourists and young, professional residents. Social media engagement would spark more interest and business for the local community and restaurants. Social media accounts are a quick and easy way to get information out to the public and answer any questions or concerns that potential visitors might have. It is also a low cost marketing solution that would highlight key areas of German Village.

German Village should expand its marketing campaign through traditional outlets. This could be by handing out flyers in the Downtown, Short North, and University districts as well as sending out mailers. The Village could also try to implement more monthly events, the Short North has their monthly Gallery Hops. Once frequent events are established, a greater number of tourists and residents will be likely to attend and visit German Village.

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Scenario AGerman Village does nothing to change its sense of community or increase its tourism and events. The residents will continue to love their community and the events that are held there.

Scenario BGerman Village adds more events (for example, a recurring monthly event)unique to the area. By highlighting a specific part of its history and the character that the Village provides, visitors will have unique experiences that they will want to share with their friends and neighbors. Tourism and sales will rise during event weekends. The events will all be geared toward different age groups and demographics (for example, families) to allow all to experience everything that German Village has to offer.

Scenario CGerman Village develops a stronger social media presence in order to attract more visitors from the Greater Columbus metropolitan area. This would provide an outlet for information to be passed from officials to residents and visitors easily, therefore streamlining communication efforts about happenings in the neighborhood. Social media accounts will also showcase the historic characteristics the Village prides itself on.

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i m p l e m e n tAt i o nThe creation of a social media account for German Village could be implemented immediately. This would be the most low-cost and perhaps one of the most influential marketing strategies for the district. It would also allow for information to be conveyed to a wider audience of people to attract more visitors to the area.

The scheduling of more events, perhaps monthly ones, would be a little more time consuming. Meetings should be planned to decide the type of event, when it would occur, and where the funding to host such an event would come from. Once those logistics are secured, these events could fit seamlessly in with the variety of other attractions German Village offers.

The sense of community and belonging in the area is one of the Village’s strongest features. Sharing the neighborhood with visitors and allowing for more event diversity will increase the pride German Village residents feel toward their community.

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German Village is a neighborhood that is compact and walkable, and historically has had neighborhood schools. The district has always been home to many families who value the proximity to schools. Residents are increasingly concerned about the declining quality of Columbus City Schools. Improving the neighborhood schools and reinforcing the historic form is important to keeping families in the neighborhood.

schoolsParents in German Village want to make sure that their children get the best education that is available. In the survey given to the residents of German Village, one respondent said that because their family is growing they would have to move to a better school district. Another respondent stated that one of the top three issues facing German Village is “keeping the young families here. It’s tough to justify staying, paying the expensive taxes AND sending your kids to an expensive private school. Doesn’t feel like Columbus City Schools are [a] good enough option.”

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In German Village, there is not a large population of grade-school children. The percentage of family households in German Village is 22.9%. 23.9% are married couple families and out of that, 52.5% are married couples with children. 17.1% out of all of the households in German Village are single-mother households, and 9.1% of people 3 years and older are in K-12 schools [1]. It is often misunderstood whether or not students are required to go to their neighborhood school. This is not the case. Columbus City Schools offers a lottery system for those who wish to attend a school outside of their neighborhood. Parents and students can choose up to three schools, which can be an alternative school, S.T.E.M. program based school, or a conventional school. The lottery process starts every February for high schools and every March for middle and elementary schools.

e x i s t i n g c o n d i t i o n s

Traditional

Alternative

S.T.E.M.

Columbus Global Academy at Brookhaven

Africentric Early College

Columbus North International School

Future location of AfricentricEarly College

Metro Early College High School

Traditional

Alternative

S.T.E.M.

Ecole Kenwood French Immersion

Columbus Spanish Immersion Academy

Africentric Early College

Columbus North International School

Future location of AfricentricEarly College

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Traditional

Alternative

S.T.E.M.

Columbus Global Academy at Brookhaven

Africentric Early College

Columbus North International School

Columbus City Preparatory School for Boys

Columbus City Preparatory School for Girls

Columbus Gifted Academy

Future location of AfricentricEarly College

Metro Early College Middle Schoolm

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c A s e s t u d y: c l i n t o n V i l l eClintonville is a great example of a case study that can be related to German Village since Clintonville also lies within the Columbus City School district. The parents in Clintonville knew their schools were in trouble, but the neighborhood parents did not want to send their kids to private schools or move away. From this, Clintonville Go Public was formed with the help of Jacqueline Edelberg who was in Columbus for a speaking tour. She is one of the authors of “How to Walk to School: Blueprint for a Neighborhood School Renaissance.” The book is about how Edelberg, another mom, and the principal of Nettelhorst Elementary School in Chicago came up with ideas on how to transform Nettelhorst from a struggling public

school into one of the best schools in Chicago. For Clintonville Go Public, the neighborhood parents have educated other parents in the neighborhood about Clintonville schools that their children can attend. The parents that are involved have spent time coming up with donations for the classrooms and the needs of the students. The program also helps students stay with their class, since in most Columbus City Schools students get moved around when they move from elementary to middle school, then middle school to high school.

s c e n A r i o sScenario ASince many residents are unaware of Southside STAY, the organization/group could gather contact information to engage with young families in German Village and distribute a newsletter about Southside STAY. They can educate parents on how to get involved in the neighborhood schools.

Scenario BSouthside STAY will start focusing on middle school and high school experiences and parental involvement. They should begin by collaborating with Columbus City Schools.

Raise the percentage of public school attendance of children living in German Village.Southside STAY, an organization that advocates for improving schools on Columbus’s south side [3], will send out newsletters about the group to young parents in the neighborhood to get them involved and to help to spread the word to others.

Southside STAY will work to be more of a program for the public schools on the south side of Columbus. The program could work to raise money for resources that the school needs as well as money to hire more qualified teachers through different activities (i.e. fundraisers).

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i m p l e m e n tAt i o nColumbus City Schools and parent organizations begin to send newsletters or pamphlets to parents in German Village. These letters can have a breakdown of how the lottery system works in the school district. As well as descriptions of how S.T.E.M. based schools work, the focus points of the different alternative schools. Parents and future parents who live in German Village need to know about all of the options that Columbus City Schools have to offer.

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The historic form of German Village makes it a dense, walkable community with an abundance of parks. These features make the district a dog-friendly location. Residents love their dogs, and dogs and owners frequently take advantage of the historic amenities that of the Village.

dogsDogs play a crucial role in the social fabric of a community. German Village is a place where dogs and dog-owners should feel welcome. Dogs should also have access to places where they can properly exercise and socialize with other dogs and people. The number of dogs in German Village necessitates highlighting them in this plan. People consider dogs to be companions and an essential part of their family. Having spaces that can be enjoyed by humans and dogs should be a priority for a successful and vibrant community..

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e x i s t i n g c o n d i t i o n sIn a survey conducted in conjunction with this plan, German Village residents mentioned dogs multiple times. When asked to describe German Village, some residents mentioned that the community is “literally the most dog-friendly place”. However, other members of the community expressed concern about dogs whose owners allow them to walk around unleashed, which can cause problems with dogs who do not play well with others.

During a focus group session, residents raised several concerns related to dog ownership in German Village. Focus group participants indicated that though German Village is an extremely dog-friendly place, actions could be taken to make it even more dog-friendly. The majority of suggestions concerned Schiller Park and the availability of space where dogs can roam free of their leashes. Currently, dogs are allowed to be off-leash in the park if they are under direct control of their owner. Focus group members suggested designating a part of the 23-acre Schiller Park as an off-leash area, or creating a fenced-in dog park within the park. This could potentially serve all members of the German Village community, as Schiller Park is very easily accessible, it is less than a 15 minute walk from every house in German Village.

In the 43206 area code, which includes German Village there are 1,706 registered dogs. Because German Village has much higher property values than the other areas of 43206, it can be assumed that the residents of German Village have a higher average income than that of the surrounding area. This assumption leads to the conclusion that German Village residents, though they make up only 12% of the area of 43206, are more likely to have dogs, and are also more likely to register their dogs with the county, because they have more disposable income. By this logic, it can be estimated that about 30% of the registered dogs in the area code belong to residents of German Village. This means that there are approximately 511 dogs in German Village, about one dog for every three households. There are 13 varieties of historically German breeds in 43206 totaling 242 dogs, the most common being German Sheperds, of which there are 53.

Because of the small lot sizes in German Village, dog-owners take their dogs out onto public property to get them the exercise that they need. Owners often let dogs off their leashes in the park or on sidewalks. Though this is permitted by law in Schiller Park, dogs must be under direct control when off-leash. This can still be an issue of safety for humans as well as other dogs, as unleashed dogsmay approach children, people exercising in the park, and other dogs, as well as possibly running into traffic.

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c A s e s t u d y: p o r t l A n dPortland is often found at the top of “dog-friendly city” lists. Here’s how they did it:

Starting with the 1972 Downtown Plan the city of Portland made an active effort to turn what had been a wasteland of parking lots into somewhere people actually wanted to go.

“When you look at Portland’s staggering number of dog parks, don’t think of the climate, and don’t think that there’s just something in the water here that makes people more amicable to having pooches. Rather, think of the large number of dogs as yet another indication of city planning pulling an affluent population from the periphery of the grid into the center.”

The city has continued to actively cater and plan around the needs of that population, putting a insignificant amount of money, time and attention to planning and development that pretty much exclusively benefits dog-havers.

The dog park can serve as a component of a district center that draws people in just like a café, pub or neighborhood restaurant does. Having lots of dog parks means that Portland is solidly in favor of public infrastructure that focuses as a pivot for active urban life {2].

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Create a German Village Society of Dogs or German Village Dog Society. The society would host events for dogs and dog-owners to gather, meet, and appreciate the company of four-legged friends, discuss issues within the dog community and possible solutions to these issues. As the group grows and becomes established, it could serve as the voice of the community to advocate for the establishment of a dog park in German Village.

Make German Village well-known as Columbus’ most dog-friendly neighborhood. This can be achieved through a number of means, including encouraging landlords to allow renters to have pets in their properties, and building a space for dogs to exercise and socialize.

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s c e n A r i o sScenario AAllocate part of Schiller Park to be made into a dog park. The dog park would be a minimum of a half-acre, enclosed by a 3-4 foot high fence. A movement for this cause would have to be led by members of the community, as the city would not build this of their own accord. A dog park would be a center of socializing and exercise for dogs as well as humans, improving the overall well-being of both human and canine residents of German Village. Dog parks in other communities have faced opposition due to the noise that accompanies such parks, but compromises can be made. Property owners adjacent to the park can be included in the process of determining the hours of the park.

Scenario BUse vacant lots to create a network of small dog parks throughout the neighborhood. This could be a good alternative to converting a portion of Schiller Park. Though the dogs would have less space to run around, the parks would be even closer to most homes than Schiller Park. The downside of this would be that noise would be d i spersed th roughout the neighborhood instead of kept in one location.

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5. Create a proposal. Inlcude your mission statement and outline the goals of the project. Demontrate the needs and support of the community. Address financing, rules and regulations, maintenance, and enforcement

6. Request a meeting with city officials to present the plan. Have two or three carefully selected, knowledgeable and articulate members of your group present your plan, clearly expressing its many benefits to the community and calmly addressing any concerns. Have a plan to address any issues that may arise, from the risk of increased noise and dog bites to parking needs and maintenance [5].

i m p l e m e n tAt i o nWalkability of German Village is very high, as all residents live within one mile of Schiller Park. This is a great opportunity for dog owners, as most areas of the city do not have this kind of proximity to a large green space. A German Village Society already exists, and though it is for humans, a dog counterpart to this society could be easily implemented. Community members would have to take a leading role in organizing a movement to establish dog parks in German Village.

The American Kennel Club recommends following these steps to establish a dog park in a community:

1. Organize a group of core dog park activists. This group may form a park association and will be responsible for meeting with public officials, making presentations, maintaining the park and defusing any problems that arise.

2. Hold a public meeting. This will help to spread the word to other supporrters and to gather input and suggestions

3. Write a clear mission statement that details the need and purpose ofthe park, stressing the benefits to dog owners, their canine companions, and the greater community.

4. Create a budget. Determine how much it will cost to construct and maintain the park – costs for grass, fences, garbage removal, lawn maintenance, drinking water, field drainage, lighting, benches, and a pooper-scooper station. Also, determine how you will fund your budget. Will you require user fees? Annual permits? Hold fundraisers? Find out if a funding partnership with the city is a viable option.

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i m p l e m e n tAt i o n

1.3 Acres

Possible location of a 1.3 acre dog park in Schiller Park. This is an optimal location because it is not close to the edges of the park, which means noise would not travel to homes boardering the park

Possible location of a 0.5 acre dog park in Schiller Park. This location is a viable option if residents prefer a smaller dog park

Reinhard Ave.

Deshler Ave.

City Park A

ve.Ja

eger

St.

0.5 Acres

Reinhard Ave.

Deshler Ave.

City Park A

ve.

Jaeg

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Possible location of a 1.3 acre dog park in Schiller Park. This is an optimal location because it is not close to the edges of the park, which mean noise would not travel to homes bordering the park.

Possible location of a 0.5 acre dog park in Schiller Park. This location is a viable option if resident prefer a smaller dog park

1.3 Acres

Possible location of a 1.3 acre dog park in Schiller Park. This is an optimal location because it is not close to the edges of the park, which means noise would not travel to homes boardering the park

Possible location of a 0.5 acre dog park in Schiller Park. This location is a viable option if residents prefer a smaller dog park

Reinhard Ave.

Deshler Ave.

City Park A

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Historically, German Village was established as a working class neighborhood with a range of housing sizes and styles. These properties ranged in scale from smaller cottages to larger Italianate and Queen Anne-style homes. This created a diverse group of residents which allowed the Village to become the mixed-use district that is loved by all. This section describes the importance of keeping German Village affordable for its residents to maintain the historic mix of housing and people the community was once known for.

affordabilityResidents love living in German Village. However, the district’s desirability has also made the neighborhood more expensive. What opportunities are there to combat this growing problem in the area and increase affordability?

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e x i s t i n g c o n d i t i o n sGerman Village is an area with a rich working-class history that residents love because of its proximity to downtown, sense of community, and sustainable lifestyle. However, a big issue facing existing residents is the ever-increasing home values and rental costs. Residents fear that they will be priced out of the area.

It is important for German Village to have affordable housing in order to create a diverse community. The village is an example of immigrant and cultural pride since the founders brought their architecture, customs, and lifestyles to Columbus.

In 2014, home values in German Village increased by 9.4%. This is drastically higher when compared to the home values in the city of Columbus, which only increased by 4.7%. The median selling price of homes in German Village in 2014 was $319,250, which is 2.37 times that of Columbus. This was not always the case in German Village. Major home repairs were conducted in the 1960s and 1970s to start the process of preserving the character of the area. In 1983, the average selling price of homes in German Village was around $95,000. These selling prices have been consistently rising at an average rate of $10,274 a year since 1983. If these trends continue, the homes in German Village will become disproportionately expensive when compared to the national average.

There do seem to be trends in the clustering of homes that have higher prices than the others. Most of these homes are located in and around Schiller Park along Jaeger St. and E. Deshler Ave. More information about these trends is located in the figure. Residents are also concerned about higher property taxes that have resulted from renovations occurring throughout the neighborhood. This means that upon the re-assessment of their homes, some people could potentially be priced out of the Village Families with lower or fixed incomes may be unable to pay the greater property tax amounts. Residents of German Village should not be priced out of the area due to increasing rents and property costs. This allows for a greater diversity of residents to enjoy the characteristics of German Village.

Under $250,000

$250,000 to $500,000

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Over $750,000

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g o A l s

A short-term goal is to establish a repair fund. This would be done in a variety of ways, including holding public forums and meetings to determine which partners would help finance these funds, establishing criterion for submitting an application, and figuring out an implementation schedule. This would allow for the residents to be involved and have a greater say in what can be done to enable people to stay in their current homes. Creating a repair fund in a short period of time might not be possible, but neighborhood stakeholders could start the process to develop a funding system. Another short-term goal is to work with landlords and renters to establish community agreements that are similar to rent controls . This would slow the rate of rental pricing increases. A rent-control discussion would need to occur in a small group, potentially with a mediator, to ensure that renters and landlords are equally represented.

There are many more options available for keeping housing prices low in the long-term, LIHTC funds (low-income housing tax credits) can be used to help cover construction and rehabilitation costs when the owner/developer is creating affordable housing. There are also historic preservation tax credits available that some homes could be eligible for. These funds are used to conduct repairs on historic homes. Some have affordable housing stipulations, which could also help keep housing prices lower so no one is priced out. Another potential long-term goal would be the implementation of a price ceiling for rentals, creating a maximum price that monthly rents cannot exceed. This would allow for people to be able to stay in their current rentals longer.

s h o r t t e r m l o n g t e r m

s c e n A r i o sScenario ABusiness-as-usual: The property values and rental prices of German Village keep increasing and current residents (especially the elderly) are unable to stay because it is too expensive. This would allow German Village (and Columbus) to receive more money from property/income taxes. However, an issue would be that the elderly population of German Village who have lived in the neighborhood for years are unable to afford their homes and they, along with other loyal residents are displaced. German Village then would become a very ‘exclusive’ neighborhood.

Scenario BThe creation of a repair fund allows the German Village Commision to serve its residents in a greater capacity and ensures that no one feels like they will be “priced out” or unable to keep up with the necessary maintenance that comes with owning a historic home. This would help more people to be able to cover extraneous costs, which would allow them afford to stay in the village for a longer period of time. The commission has more tools available to assist its residents, which helps its image as well as that of local businesses who would benefit from supporting. However, it could be expensive to start up, and getting companies to donate their time/funds could be a challenge. There would also need to be a small group of people who oversee and run this program, which also requires knowledge/expertise and money to cover their payment.

Scenario CIf price ceilings are implemented on rental prices, more renters will be able to cover their payments easier, which allows them to stay in the area longer. This is a way to reward loyal renters who have lived in the village for many years. It also helps facilitate better relationships between the landlords and renters. It also keeps renters in their homes, which is good for German Village and the economy. However, the implementation of a program like this creates a shortage of properties, meaning there will be more outside competition looking to move to German Village since they can now afford it. This could be a bit of a challenge for current residents to be able to stay. It also means that landlords have to charge a lower monthly rent.

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i m p l e m e n tAt i o nAll of these goals and potential solutions would take some time to get started. There is not a “quick and easy” fix to solve affordability issues in an area, but with motivated residents and a helpful society to get things moving, German Village could soon be thriving again. To help finance these solutions, there are many options available, including historic tax credits for landlords and LIHTC for developers and homeowners. By having both a society and a commission available to help implement these new policies/procedures, German Village is in a good starting position. The first few steps toward the goal of affordable housing would be to schedule and hold a planning meeting to establish what residents and landlords want to do in terms of making the homes in the area more affordable. The next step would be to hold an open public forum with the residents to share ideas and discuss the potential solutions with them. It could be helpful to invite a mediator to attend and help facilitate this meeting to ensure that all voices and opinions are heard and appropriately addressed. After deliberation, a written plan should be constructed with deadlines for the creating teams to implement the process, potential donors/business supporters, and distributing information to the public to allow for open communication. By following these steps, German Village can ensure that the residents issues are being heard and addressed in an appropriate manner, while working toward the goal of allowing residents to stay in the district. The drawbacks for this process would be that it can be time consuming and expensive, but allowing current homeowners to stay in the area that they love would be worth the time and effort.

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each step taken

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w A l k A b i l i t y

s i d e w A l k s & s t r e e t s

t r e e s

Walkability is a critical defining component of the historic character in German Village. Short blocks and brick streets make it a pleasure to explore the neighborhood by foot. Preserving walkability as the community looks to the future will maintain the attractive nature of the German Village neighborhood and help preserve the sense of community that defines the district.

WalkabilityWalkability is a critical component of thriving neighborhoods and has major impacts on a number of community characteristics. Infrastructure designed for pedestrians is an equitable transportation investment because its daily benefits can be attained by everyone. In German Village, residents identify walkability as one of the most critical characteristics of the neighborhood and indicated the community should preserve this quality. Unique historic architectural and environmental conditions make walking a pleasure. Short, compact blocks provide a more walkable scale for visitors and residents. Brick streets help slow automobile drivers and increase safety for walkers. The strong sense of community ensures every trip made by foot features a unique encounter. These characteristics help explain why German Village residents rank the walkable nature of their community as one of its top three best characteristics.

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e x i s t i n g c o n d i t i o n sIn a survey conducted in conjunction with this plan, respondents ranked the walkable nature of the community as one of the top three characteristics of German Village. Walkability also ranks highly in neighborhood scoring systems. WalkScore is one system used to understand the degree to which a neighborhood is walkable. This ranking methodology analyzes walking routes from residential areas to local community amenities and determines the degree to which residents can complete daily tasks through walking. The system also takes into account some community features such as population density, intersection density, and block length. According to WalkScore, German Village ranks as the second most walkable community in Columbus with an average score of 86 out of 100 possible points indicates that German Village provides residents and visitors with a great environment for walking. In comparison, the current WalkScore for the entire City of Columbus is 40 points.

Walkable neighborhoods see a significant number of benefits compared to communities where walkability is not a priority. A May 2012 Brookings Institute study of over 400 Washington D.C. regional neighborhoods found conclusions that bolster the argument for enhancing walkability in all neighborhoods. The study concluded that more walkable places perform better economically, residents of walkable places benefit from proximity to other walkable places, and that residents of walkable neighborhoods have a higher degree of transportation access than residents of less walkable communities. However, the study also confirmed other issues related to walkability: less walkable neighborhoods generally have lower educational attainment, lower housing costs, and are less affluent.

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Chinatown, New York City

Short North

German Village

Downtown Columbus

Dublin

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Although walkability is strong within the German Village community, walkable connections to nearby neighborhoods are severely lacking. The Brewery District, Downtown Columbus, and German Village could greatly benefit from strong, walkable neighborhood connections. The High Street, Interstate 70/71, CSX Freight Rail, and Livingston Avenue corridors exist as barriers (perceived or otherwise) that discourage walking. Solving these walkability challenges may have a positive impact on the German Village community.

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Goal A would see basic walkability enhancements in German Village. Brick and Concrete sidewalks, curbs, and ADA ramps would all receive attention and prioritization to ensure poor condition infrastructure is repaired or replaced. Third Street would also receive walkability enhancements in line with recent studies. Replacing asphalt in favor of a brick surface is an excellent option for the Third Street corridor. However, other lower cost traffic calming techniques may also enhance the walkability of this significant street. Infrastructure changes to the intersections surrounding Schiller Park would also address walkability issues in German Village. Currently, only one of four corners of Schiller Park feature crossing markings for pedestrians. Enhancing these connections is a priority for this heavily used German Village amenity.

s h o r t t e r mAddress significant walkability infrastructure issues within the German Village Neighborhood.

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Enhance and encourage nighttime German Village walking.Goal B prioritizes increasing comfort and safety for pedestrians during the evening, night, and early morning hours. Lighting conditions are especially critical to the German Village community due to the condition and challenge of navigating uneven brick sidewalk and street surfaces. An emphasis should be placed on lighting at the pedestrian level rather than lighting intended for automobiles.

Removal of non-contributing street fixtures should be a primary objective, especially along critical walking corridors such as Sycamore Street and Mohawk Street. An aggressive street lighting program aimed at pedestrian comfort will also increase comfort for a variety of users besides pedestrians, including bicycle, transit, and automobile users.

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Address regional walkability challenges and enhance connections to nearby neighborhoods.German Village faces major obstacles to connect to other nearby, walkable neighborhoods. The High Street Corridor provides the greatest opportunity for reconnecting isolated communities through pedestrian activity. Stronger, safer connections across High Street to the Columbus Brewery District will encourage residents and visitors to experience both communities through walking. Simply providing crossing markings on High Street is not an effective action to change the perception of the corridor as an unsafe barrier to pedestrians. Similar actions must be taken to address the safety issues related to crossing the Livingston Avenue, Interstate 70/71, and CSX Freight Rail corridor that are not pedestrian friendly.

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s c e n A r i o sScenario AGerman Village walkability remains at the same high levels as it has been in the past 5-10 years. Residents continue to accomplish many daily tasks within German Village but tend to use cars or public transportation to reach nearby or adjacent neighborhoods. The German Village community Walkscore remains the same or similar to existing levels and maintains its ranking as the second most walkable neighborhood in Columbus.

Scenario BBasic pedestrian infrastructure continues to deteriorate. Sidewalks, curbs, and ADA ramps are left unchanged and unrepaired. Pedestrian-related accidents increase; residents become less likely to let their children walk to school. The German Village community Walkscore declines as fewer residents and visitors explore German Village through walkability.

Scenario CThe number of residents who choose not to own a car increases dramatically as regional walkability increases. Connections to the Brewery District and Downtown Columbus become as walkable as streets in German Village. Initiatives related to traffic calming on several major streets help increase the comfort of walking in and around the community.

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i m p l e m e n tAt i o nThe German Village Society must leverage its connections to the City of Columbus due to the complex nature of addressing walkability challenges. German Village can use community evidence to justify infrastructure for pedestrians. Sidewalk replacement in German Village begins with action by community members. The German Village society should lead public participation programs aimed at engaging community members in brick replacement. Outreach to the community is both practical and critical. Providing opportunities for community member engagement in infrastructure replacement further increases community cohesion and is also a hands-on, low-cost solution to enhancing walkability. The City of Columbus should also be engaged in infrastructure replacement or repair efforts. ADA ramp, curb, and street

surface repairs or replacement are coordinated by the City of Columbus. The City of Columbus and the German Village Society must also collaborate to increase night pedestrian safety. The district should prioritize neighborhood regions isolated from amenities that receive pedestrian activity during the evening, late night, and early morning. Emphasis on street corners is critical to ensure neighborhood crossings can be safe for walkers during these time periods. Street fixtures must also be historic in design and match current fixtures in notable areas, such as those in and surrounding Schiller Park.

Addressing regional walkability issues is a long-term challenge that involves coordination between neighborhood, local, state, and potentially federal organizations. The Ohio Department of Transportation is a major stakeholder in roadway work, especially in relation to

the future of Interstate 70/71. ODOT has set aside major funding for future pedestrian-friendly improvements to I-70/71, including significant bridge renovation spanning the highway on High Street, South Third Street, and South Fourth Street. In this plan, these bridge renovations would encourage walking between Downtown Columbus and German Village. These renovations would be similar to the changes made to the bridges spanning Interstate 71 at East Spring Street and East Long Street. These projects are excellent improvements over a complete lack of pedestrian accommodations in these critical connecting areas. The German Village Society must also work to improve streets that are major barriers to regional walkability. High Street and Livingston Avenue are two primary mental barriers that discourage walkers from moving to and from the German Village neighborhood. Although

roadway crossing markings are a start to achieving regional walkability between the Brewery District, German Village, and Downtown Columbus, more improvements are necessary to slow traffic and increase pedestrian safety. At a minimum, Livingston Avenue should be converted from a one way street to a two way street, a technique proven to slow traffic and increase walker comfort. Livingston Avenue is also a major public transportation route and would benefit from traffic calming techniques, enhanced bus stops, as well as increased parallel automobile street parking. South High Street can also benefit from walkability improvements. To travel between German Village and the Brewery District visitors and residents must cross South High Street. Street crossing improvements should be prioritized for this corridor.

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German Village was established before the automobile existed. The presence of sidewalks played a vital role in German Village as a thriving community. It increased the walkability and the sense of belonging due to the ability to interact with one’s neighbors organically. Today, sidewalks are still an important part of the neighborhood’s identity. Residents identify the brick sidewalks as one of the most defining characteristics of the neighborhood.

sideWalks & streets

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e x i s t i n g c o n d i t i o n sThe brick sidewalks and streets should be maintained as much as possible.The seasonal weather conditions may negatively affect the brick because snow plows cannot clearbrick roads and water can seep into the brick, causing issues with cracking, freezing, and displacement. Tree roots can cause similar problems in the brick streets and sidewalks causing them to be uneven and dangerous in different areas.

SidewalksGerman Village’s sidewalks are of two current varieties: 44.3% brick and 55.7% concrete. There are 65 properties where the sidewalks need to be repaired, with a majority of these being brick. These sidewalks can be damaged due to overgrown tree roots and from normal use over time.

Property owners in German Village are responsible for sidewalk repairs and maintenance. A 2015 online survey found that 35.4% of Village residents do not repair their sidewalks due to it being a low priority, and 30.4% of residents simply do not have the funds to repair their sidewalks [1].

StreetsAbout half of the streets inGerman Village are brick, and half areasphalt. Streets are maintained through city capital funds and by the Urban Infrastructure Recovery Fund (UIRF) [2].Streets are not maintained by property owners in German Village.

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275

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Berg

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Berg

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Jack

son

St

Berg

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ly

S Grant Ave

Brust St

S Grant Ave

S Grant Ave

Jaeger St

Jaeger St

Jaeger St

Jaeger St

Blackberry Aly

Blackberry Aly

Lathrop St

S Grant Ave

Ridge Aly

S 6th Ave

S 5th Ave

Cedar Aly

Margraf Aly

Mohawk St

S 4th Ave

S Lazelle St

S Lazelle St

S 3rd St

S 3rd St

S Pearl St

S Pearl St

Mohawk St

Mohawk St

S 5th Ave

Rader Aly

Oscar Aly

Rader Aly

Oscar Aly

Fieser St

Macon Aly

E Bl

enkn

er S

t

E Bl

enkn

er S

t

Dixon Aly

Briggs St

Brig

gs S

t

S 5th Ave

Purdy Aly

Purdy Aly

S 6th Ave

S 6th Ave

Jaeger StJaeger St

Purdy Aly

Lear

St

Conc

rete

Sid

ewal

kBr

ick

Side

wal

kLa

wn

Street Paving Material

E Beck St

E Sycamore St

E Sycamore St

E Willow St

Berger Aly

E Blenkner St

E Columbus St

Lansing St

Reinhard Ave

Schiller Aly

E Hoster St

E Beck St

Lansing St

Stewart Ave

E Deshler Ave

E Redbud Aly

E Hoster St

Jackson St

Alexander Aly

Alexander Aly

Concord Pl

E Beck St

E Sycamore St

E Willow St

Reinhard Ave

City

Par

k Av

e

Simmel St

E Frankfort St

E Kossuth St

Lansing St

E Whittier St

E Whittier St

Stewart Ave

E Deshler Ave

Thurman Ave

E Redbud Aly

Jackson St

Alexander Aly

E Frankfort St

Concord Pl

Nursery Ln

City

Par

k Av

e

City

Par

k Av

e

E Blenkner St

E Beck St

E Willow St

E Frankfort St

E Columbus St

E Kossuth StE Kossuth St

Thurman Ave

Nursery Ln

E Whittier St

E Columbus StE Columbus St

E Frankfort St

Berger Aly

Berger Aly

Jackson St

Berger Aly

S G

rant

Ave

Brus

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S G

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S G

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St

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St

S La

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S 3r

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S 3r

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S Pe

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S Pe

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Osc

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Rade

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Fies

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E Blenkner St

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Dix

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Brig

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Purd

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Purd

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y

S 6t

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S 6t

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Jaeg

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St

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Lear St

STREET PAVING MATERIALBrick StreetConcrete Street

Sidewalk Types

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411

413

596

598

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612

614

616

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620618

358

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645

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738 -740

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710 -714

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700

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610 -615

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269 -271

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E Beck St

E Sycamore St

E Sycamore St

E Willow St

Berger Aly

E Blenkner St

E Columbus St

Lansing St

Reinhard Ave

Schiller Aly

E Hoster St

E Beck St

Lansing St

Stewart Ave

E Deshler Ave

E Redbud Aly

E Hoster St

Jackson St

Alexander Aly

Alexander Aly

Concord Pl

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E Sycamore St

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Reinhard Ave

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E Frankfort St

E Kossuth St

Lansing St

E Whittier St

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Stewart Ave

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Thurman Ave

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Jackson St

Alexander Aly

E Frankfort St

Concord Pl

Nursery Ln

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Thurman Ave

Nursery Ln

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E Columbus StE Columbus St

E Frankfort St

Berger Aly

Berger Aly

Jackson St

Berger Aly

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Ave

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Jaeg

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Establish a training workshop on brick sidewalk repair for property owners and educating residents on how to report brick streets and sidewalks in need of repair.A short term goal is to implement a training workshop to teach property owners how to repair the brick sidewalks correctly. This will give homeowners the confidence to tackle these projects themselves instead of hiring contractors. In the survey results, 32% of respondents stated that they would like to repair the sidewalks themselves if they had trained volunteers (or the knowledge) to help [1]. 44.2% of German Village residents would consider having their sidewalk be part of a volunteer training workshop if they had additional information about the sessions [1].

The German Village Society has about 65 properties available to start facilitating the volunteer training workshop. The volunteer training workshop will only cover the repair of brick sidewalks.

Another short term goal is to educate residents about 311. German Village Society may hold workshops on how to use 311 online at 311.columbus.gov and how to use 311 via telephone. By holding 311 workshops residents will be able to report brick sidewalks and streets that are in need of repair.

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To establish and maintain a sidewalk and street repair fund and relationships with contractors and the City of Columbus.A long-term goal is to establish working business relationships between the German Village Society and local contractors/masons. 65.6% of survey respondents would be more inclined to repair their sidewalks if the German Village Society would connect them to a contractor that has agreed to a prearranged lower cost for the neighborhood [1]. The German Village Society currently has three contractor recommendations: Bello Giardino, Garden Bouquet, and Ohio Tree Care Inc.

To be able to provide the most cost effective services for the residents the following actions are recommended:1. Generate a list of all contractors in central Ohio that have brick sidewalk and street

repair/maintenance and brick sidewalk and street snow care as an available service.2. Send contractors a Request for Quotation (RFQ) with the following information:

• Cost of sidewalk and street re-leveling (per project and for larger projects.• Cost of sidewalk and street patching (replacing parts of path) (dependent

on weather/season, per project and for larger projects.• Cost of total brick sidewalk and street repair (dependent on weather/

season, per project and for larger projects (more than one property)).• Cost of sidewalk and street snow care (dependent on weather/season, per

project and for larger projects.3. Select contractors that meet the desired requirements (ex: affordability & quality).

German Village Society may assist 311 by providing the contractor list that is established to assist in expediting street repair.

Another solution would be for the German Village Society to help create a sidewalk repair fund. The fund will be used to assist residents who are otherwise not able to afford the repair themselves. The funds for the sidewalk repair fund will be acquired through corporate sponsorships, membership dues, grants, and other traditional methods [2].

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i m p l e m e n tAt i o nThe 311 workshop is a short-term goal because it is quick to establish.Volunteer training workshops are a short-term goal because they are a temporary solution. Once the residents understand and know how to fix their sidewalks, they should use their knowledge to help others.

The implementation of the volunteers’ workshop will be as follows:1. Workshops will occur from May to mid-September at a frequency of once a month.2. German Village Society will issue a survey to residents that will request their interest

and their availability, to determine when the workshop will occur. 3. The training site will be determined according to the severity of the sidewalk condition.4. Once attendees have successfully completed the workshop, German Village will

develop and update an online archive with the attendee’s name, contact info, and typical availability for volunteering, that all residents would be able to access.

The three long-term goals are permanent solutions to solving German Village’s sidewalk and street repair problems. Establishing relationships between local contractors and masons, German Village Society, and Columbus can begin immediately. There isn’t a time frame to complete this action as it is ongoing and will take time and effort to sustain. The creation of a sidewalk repair fund will also take time in order to reecruit business owners and corporate sponsors. The Society will need to justify why the sidewalks and streets in German Village are important to the historic character and feel of the district and why these sponsors and residents should care. Though this will take some work initially, it will enhance the historic character of the neighborhood.

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During the 1800’s German Village was a neighborhood full tree-lined brick streets. Many of these trees were indigenous and existed well before the development of German Village. As development increased, trees were razed to make way for new buildings and homes. Residents realized the importance and significance of trees in German Village and planted new trees. Trees continue to be a key element of German Village’s historic form.

treesGerman Village is a community known for its tree-lined brick streets. This style of street design can be traced to the 1800s when German immigrants first settled in Columbus. As development boomed throughout the area, many trees were cut down to make way for new buildings and homes. The citizens of German Village realized that trees were a natural way to incorporate the environment into their community and began saving and replanting trees. Currently, German Village is neighborhood that wishes to embrace and retain as much of its historic character as possible.

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e x i s t i n g c o n d i t i o n sTrees enhance the scenery of a community; while providing safety, improving air quality, and reducing heating and cooling costs. When a tree is planted in the road verge, which is the grassy area between the sidewalk and curb, it acts as a safety barrier for pedestrians [1]. By creating safe walking areas for pedestrians, neighborhoods are able to evolve into safer, more pedestrian-friendly communities. Another added benefit of planting trees is that they improve air quality and reduce utility costs [2]. A single tree can absorb 48 pounds of Carbon Dioxide per year, which provides enough oxygen to support 2 human beings for a year. A tree providing shade to a home or commercial building can reduce air conditioning needs up to 30 %, which can save the average household hundreds of dollars every year. Over a 50-year lifespan, a tree generates almost $32,000 worth of oxygen and provides $62,000 worth of air pollution control. This single tree could also be responsible for recycling $37,500 worth of water and controls $31,000 worth of soil erosion. In German Village, there are inconsistencies with the tree-lined streets throughout the district. Some streets have tree canopies while others are completely lacking in trees. Exemplary tree-lined streets include Deshler Avenue, City Park Avenue and Beck Street. These streets have an abundance of trees planted in the road verge along both sides of the road.

There are differences between the ages of these trees as well: those along Deshler Avenue are quite mature. However, a newly planted tree can grow a substantial amount within a few years. The northeastern part of the neighborhood is a tree-deprived area. These streets may have little to no trees planted along the roadways, or there may be no road verge in which to plant these trees. In these places, front yards provide space that will help improve the historic feel, and provide a consistent style. Streets that are not tree-lined feel and look out of place when compared to the better examples in German Village. But these trees can sometimes cause damage to sidewalks and create uneven and unsafe conditions. This is an important problem that must be addressed to help maintain German Village’s position as a walkable community. A uniform tree lined street network is an ideal and realistic goal that the residents and German Village Society could achieve together.

Location of Trees

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g o A l sInvolve residents in increasing the amount of trees plantedIn the short term, German Village can increase the amount of trees planted by involving the residents. A complete road network consisting of tree-lined streets can only be accomplished with the homeowners’ help. For this goal to be achieved, the German Village Society can begin engaging and informing the residents about the significance of trees, who to contact for tree type recommendations, and how to obtain permits regarding the addition of trees [3]. The German Village Society can collect data about the trees that have caused damage and are in need of attention. This engagement can include distributing flyers with all of the information listed, monthly email newsletters, and even through community events. The hardest part of beginning a community-wide initiative is getting the residents interested and involved. Once residents are involved and well informed they can undertake their own actions without the guidance of an overseer. After this community outreach program, the residents of German Village will fully understand the process needed and costs of getting trees planted in their yards. It will also be beneficial to create workshops for residents so they can learn the techniques of proper tree planting and pruning in order to keep German Village well-kept.

Long TermIdeally, within 5 years German Village could have all possible planting locations filled and all trees causing damage addressed. This is an aggressive mission that can be achieved through collaboration between residents and the German Village Society. . A program should be established to actively contact and recruit individual homeowners that have either a need for more trees planted or in need of tree removal. This program can provide funding for homeowners that do not want to pay for the installation of new trees and offer solutions for repairing or removing trees that are a nuisance and hindrance to the walkability of the area.

s c e n A r i o sScenario AThe business-as-usual model. This means no actions are taken regarding the maintenance and planting of trees. This will result in the current conditions of German Village staying the same where no historic character is lost or gained. However, if the problematic trees are not maintained, they may cause infrastructure damage to sidewalks and curbs. Damaged sidewalks are unattractive and will make it difficult for many residents to comfortably walk. This is the easiest solution to achieve because it requires nothing to be done.

Scenario BTo provide adequate maintenance. This means addressing all trees that are currently causing damage or may potentially cause damage. This is beneficial to German Village because it allows the community to maintain their high standards of walkability and eliminates potential problems. However, this will require the community to report problematic areas. This will require money to repair the damages or to cut problematic trees down. This will also result in some subsequent tree loss, which would include losing some of the German Village character.

Scenario CTo increase the number of trees planted until all potential planting locations are filled. This will ultimately return German Village to its most historic character and create a uniform style throughout the neighborhood. A complete network of tree-lined streets will add to the aesthetics by providing a range of different tree types that produce unique flowers and colors of blooms. This action is ideal, but is also the most costly and time consuming solution. There are many areas that are in need of trees and the dollar amount to plant trees is something that needs to be considered before taking action.

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i m p l e m e n tAt i o nTo accomplish the goal of a uniform tree-lined road network, the residents of German Village must work with the German Village Society and Columbus Recreation and Parks department to plant and maintain trees along the neighborhood streets. The first step for the German Village Society is to contact the Urban Forestry department to determine what species of trees are most suitable for German Village and how many trees need to be planted. By gaining this knowledge, the German Village Society will be able to provide residents with accurate and descriptive information.

Next, the German Village Society would directly reach out to the residents to inform them of the significance of trees and the process for planting trees in their yards. This information would include the process of obtaining permits, selecting trees, and determining the number to plant. Permits can be obtained through the Urban Forestry Department of Columbus at 1111 E. Broad Street or by calling 614-645-3337.

The Urban Forestry Department can offer tree types and recommend the number needed. However it should be the responsibility of the German Village Society to readily have this information available for residents. This will potentially remove some barriers for residents who are unaware of what to plant.

After this interaction with the German Village Society, residents will be informed on how and where to plant new trees. This style of community engagement will allow for the most efficient changes in the Village.

Another way to begin the actual planting of trees is to create a community organization whose sole purpose is to improve the physical health of German Village. This organization will have the opportunity to receive grants for community improvement. German Village is known for being a community that is actively involved. Based on the focus group engagement with German Village stakeholders, residents are concerned about maintaining the presence of trees in their neighborhood. With such high levels of concern, it will be quite easy to form a community organization with this mission.

Possible grants to pursue to fund this organization [4]:

1. Home Depot Foundation: Community Impact Grants Program: This program has grants as high as $5,000 consisting of Home Depot gift cards for the purchase of tools, materials and services. The nonprofit organization has to be an IRS-registered 501c. This means the organization is registered and cleared as nonprofit. A formal request needs to be made at https://www.grantrequest.com/SID_248/Default.asp?SA=SNA&FID=35133&SESID=34151&RL=

2. National Trust for Historic Preservation Grants: These grants are operated and fulfilled by the United States Agriculture Department. The USDA has $10 billion a month worth of subsidies and grants, many of which go unused. A formal request and an explanation of how your organization will benefit the community is required. More information can be found at http://www.preservationnation.org/

3. Project Orange Thumb Grants: This year, 10 applicants will receive $5,000 in cash and tools to help support their goals in neighborhood beautification. More information can be found at http://www2.fiskars.com/Community/Project-Orange-Thumb

4. Alliance for Community Trees: This organization provides funding in grants, nursery trees, and tolls, as well as working with community leaders to expand and train their volunteer workforce. More information at http://actrees.org/what-we-do/grants-and-awards/planting-trees/

5. Internal Revenue Tax Credits: This program allows for a 10 percent tax credit on the cost of reforestation projects which can be taken directly from an individual’s federal income taxes.

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German VIllage has unique characteristics that set it apart from surrounding neighborhoods. The key to German Village as an area is its well-preserved historic form. By working hard to maintain this form, visitors and residents will be able to notice and admire the striking architecture immediately upon entering the area.

neighboringcommunitiesThe purpose of this is to fully analyze and examine the surrounding neighborhoods of German Village. German Village is located just south of the downtown center in Columbus, Ohio, and has a diverse set of neighborhoods occupying the land beyond its borders. These neighborhoods range from the Brewery District to the west, which holds larger chain venues, stores, and restaurants such as the Columbus Brewing Company, to South Franklinton, an area that has been home to extensive gentrification in recent years. These neighborhoods have the potential to help one another grow and improve throughout the coming years, but have a negative impact on one another. The relevant neighborhoods surrounding German Village include the Brewery District, Downtown Columbus, Olde Towne East, Schumacher Place, South Franklinton, Southern Orchards and Vassor Village.

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Focus group participants were asked “What are your thoughts on how the future of German Village could be potentially impacted by surrounding neighborhoods?” The responses pointed out that the neighborhood is walkable, but that it lacks connection to the region. The nearby compatible neighborhoods and the potential to create new relationships with those neighborhoods was a key point. However, residents are concerned about improving rental properties to stay competitive and retaining clear boundaries of historic preservation that face out toward neighboring areas. Finally, German Village residents were concerned about how they could potentially be perceived as heavy handed by other neighborhoods.

s u r V e y r e s u lt sSurvey respondents fear that German Village’s identity will become lost as surrounding neighborhoods gentrify. Another concern that respondents expressed was the desire to include other neighborhoods in German Village’s success, rather than exclude them. However, some neighbors pointed out the potential negative impact that the other neighborhoods could take German Village if they experience decline in the near future. German Village residents do value their proximity to downtown.

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At the conclusion of these surveys, several concerns became clear. Residents are concerned that other neighborhoods will out-develop German Village and attract residents. New housing options and development as well as the infringement of other neighborhoods on the borders of German Village may draw residents away from the district, and impact the historic feel. The impact of crime in surrounding neighborhoods distracting

police focus German Village was another worry. The proximity to the Downtown neighborhood is a potential asset.The primary concerns included the potential for German Village to become an isolated “island” from its neighbors, the desire to create connections and relationships with other neighborhoods, and the possibility that other areas can decline and negatively German Village with the side effects.

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[2]

On the West Side of Wilmington, Delaware, residents, planners, government, local business, and other partners have joined forces to create a strong and viable area. The neighborhoods are focusing on the areas of community pride, businesses and jobs, youth opportunities, parks, community gardens and housing choices. As stated in the West Side Revitalization Plan from 2012, “We are a unified community of diverse people, neighborhoods, institutions and people who share a common goal of ensuring the west side grows together.” The neighborhoods wanted to work together to solve issues they faced and move into the future. The steps taken include:

• Creation of neighborhood plan outlining steps to make goals a reality• Formation of Steering Committee to guide implementation• Development of West Side Revitalization Plan, laying out 10 year strategy by

residents and stakeholders; process included door to door questioning, 2 community meetings, interviews, focus groups, collaborative map, “postcards from the future” to envision 20 year outlook, and a business survey

• Creation of a website to help residents buy homes, find youth programs, get business help, get involved, improve their park, join civic associations, and even plant street trees

• Significant improvement across various neighborhoods [3]

Neighborhoods, each one unique in their own way, simply cannot exist or thrive without connections to one another. A successful, thriving neighborhood can have positive impacts on less successful nearby neighborhoods. For this reason, neighborhoods should partner together. Forming and fostering relationships between neighborhoods can help all communities to grow and succeed. If one neighborhood becomes more successful, it can attract new residents and visitors to both areas.The businesses that complement one another can partner to offer local specialties or feature local items on menus. This does not entail that neighborhoods sacrifice their identity and merge together – but just the opposite. Having various cultures and types of experiences as pedestrians flow from one neighborhood to another simply enhances the individuality of the area as a whole.

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Make the German Village community aware of process and ask for input.Gathering the residents of the German Village Neighborhood together to discuss the potential scenarios described above and collecting opinions will ensure the project has objectives aligned precisely with resident needs and desires.

Create connections with other neighborhoods.The next step in fostering relationships with other neighborhoods is to reach out to them. Finding various contacts in each neighborhood and letting them know of the initiative to strengthen the south side of Columbus will start to develop the necessary relationships.

Begin to hold meetings for multiple neighborhoods together. Holding meetings that include residents from some or all of the neighborhoods existing in the south side will help to collect opinions about what can be done while also creating the opportunity for relationships to form between the residents. These meetings can be used to identify problems in various communities and the assistance other communities can offer.

Form committee or board for South Columbus neighborhoods. Establishing a group to meet regularly and discuss the relationships and connections between these neighborhoods will retain the connectivity and allow neighborhoods to voice concern or support over projects that could impact participating areas

Create and implement future plan for South Columbus. Laying out future business alliances, regular meetings, and areas of focus will set a strong foundation for the growth and success of the area as a whole.

Continue to thrive and grow as an individual neighborhood and as a united South Columbus.Continue to improve the German Village historic alignment and community while also using connections with other neighborhoods to make the entire area stronger, creating a thriving city section made up of unique yet well connected neighborhoods.

Maintain and strengthen relationships with nearby neighborhoods. Hold regular community events and contact other neighborhoods to strengthen and grow relationships between officials and citizens of different neighborhoods.

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s c e n A r i o sScenario AContinue on the same path. If German Village continues on its current path in terms of neighboring neighborhood relationships, the neighborhood has the potential to fall behind as other areas are gentrified and become more competitive with German Village. If other neighborhoods do not improve, the neighborhood has the potential to be impacted by the spread of this problems, including crime, loss of business, and loss of residents.

Scenario BParternships with all or nearly all adjacent neighborhoods. In the scenario that German Village builds strong relationships with their neighbors, local restaurants and shops could feature products or produces generated by other neighborhoods, more connectivity in terms of infrastructure could be implemented, and the thriving area could become a hotspot for home buyers and tourists. The connections could lead to increased success for all involved.

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German Village existed long before the current roads and highways that Columbus has today. It was designed for the pedestrian and carriage for connectivity to surrounding neighborhoods and around the neighborhood. Changes in the build environment have negatively affected these connections for German Village but this plan contains a few steps to achieve a design similar to German Village’s original connectivity. Topics that will improve the connective in German Village contain ideas for the disconnect between the downtown and the neighborhood, surrounding neighborhoods, and overall bicycle connectivity.

connectivityHighways disconnect many of the city’s neighborhoods from downtown. Walking to downtown Columbus is challenging because of a large bridge over the highway, making communities feel less connected. Active transportation has became a popular trend among the millennial generations. As many Americans rely more on active transportation modes, city officials, planners and transit authorities should find ways to accommodate residents who need and want an active transit system. One German Village resident expressed an interest in improving public transportation by extending CBUS south and making it more accessible to residents and businesses. German Village can become more connected to the overall Central neighborhoods of Columbus, OH.

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e x i s t i n g c o n d i t i o n sConnectivity to downtown is important to German Village. Some residents have expressed interest in creating a more seamless neighborhood with downtown. As the neighborhood is looking for ways to expand and attract more visitors, there needs to be multiple ways for visitors and residents to cross over the highway. Many agreed with the respondent stating that the highway acts a barrier to downtown. With alternative transportation, economic development can potentially develop along the transportation corridors. With German Village looking for new opportunities to grow as a community, transit and connectivity to downtown should be improved.

Unfortunately, German Village currently lacks bicycle infrastructure that would encourage cycling as a mode of transit within the neighborhood. There is currently no infrastructure or signage that alerts motorists to the presence of cyclists on the roads. Connectivity for cyclists traveling to, from, and through the neighborhood is negatively affected by this the lack of bike-friendly infrastructure. However, German Village is currently making steps towards increasing bicycle infrastructure. The 3rd street bike lane is currently in under initial review and is expected to be finalized. The Columbus bike share, COGO, has two existing stops in German Village and will be adding to more stations in the neighborhood. These steps, along with improving signage and creating bike infrastructure, will add to the safety and connectivity for cyclists.

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In the short term, connectivity to downtown can still be achieved by crossing 5 bridges that connect German Village to downtown’s major thoroughfares. Speed control methods should be used to encourage pedestrians to cross the bridge safely. Public transportation could be improved by educating residents about the transit lines that are in German Village and surrounding areas.

There are currently 5 bus lines in this area and many of the bus stops are a 10 minute walk. Many tourists and residents ride the CBUS into German Village from downtown and the surrounding communities. Bus route information should be added to brochures to inform residents of the other transit routes in the community.

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In the long term, German Village should consider creating a highway cap to connect the neighborhood with downtown. Survey respondents noted feeling unconnected with downtown and that the highway provided undesirable barriers that left many gaps in connectivity to the community.

Further, residents asked for more parking and green space as Schiller Park is in south German Village. With the highway cap, one would look for ways to incorporate many of these elements to bridge German Village to the Central Business District.

In addition to this the CBUS, which is the COTA downtown circulator bus should provide more access to prime destinations in German Village. Some of the key areas in German Village that are currently underserved by the CBUS bus line is Schiller Park and Thurman Ave, as Schiller Park hosts festivals throughout the year, and Thurman Ave. features several restaurants and bars.

To support cyclists around Schiller Park, implementing designated raised cycle tracks along Reinhard and E. Deshler Avenue would be beneficial since the space is there and there are not any brick streets here to prevent pavement paint.Further, implementing simple signage in these areas could increase safety for cyclists by increasing awareness of their rights for sharing the road.

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Scenario BCBUS transit line Expansion Proposed Route Two. The second proposed route would have the CBUS transit line travel into the neighborhood of German Village. This would provide riders direct access to prime locations within the German Village Community. Some of the primary locations that would be served by the community would be Schiller Park, Whittier Ave. and Thurman Ave. This would benefit German Village by providing tourist and residents and transit system that gives them access to an area that they would like to go and connect them to other primary central neighborhoods.

Scenario ACBUS transit line Expansion Proposed Route One. The proposed route would be to expand southwards along High St. by an additional 12 blocks. This would provide riders with proximity to Schiller Park and Thurman Ave. Some of the benefits of this would be that it would get riders closer to desirable area. The bus route would be able to stay on the major throughway and would only require additional signage. Some of the consequence of this route would be that residents and rider would have to be on the bus for additional minutes to complete the loop around the downtown and surrounding areas. In addition to this, riders would not actually make it into German Village.

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Scenario CGerman Village Highway Cap. The last proposal would be to create highway cap. This highway cap would connect the neighborhood more to the downtown area. With the highway cap, we could create more bike lanes and a bike/mini transit facility on the highway. In addition to this, residents asked for more parks, which could be created on top of the highway similar to Long St

German Village can implement this plan by proposing their ideas to the Ohio Department of Transportation(ODOT). As ODOT is currently working on plans to better connect downtown Columbus, resources are already being coordinated to achieve this plan. However, to get more green spaces and cultural pieces integrated into the connectivity plan, German Village should reach out the Ohio Department of Natural Resources. To create a more active transportation system for the neighborhood, German Village should meet with the transit authority and the city planning office to get grants for infrastructure improvements for bikes and buses.

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German Village was historically comprised of home occupation businesses such as dentists and tailors, corner stores and manufacturing sites. The residential sphere multi-family parcels that kept the community dense and allowed for neighbor-to-neighbor interaction. German Village has seen a clustering of commercial services along main roadways, a decrease in home occupations, and a decrease in the amount of multi-family parcels. Utilizing practices and policies that encourage the types of land use that are true to this community will allow it to maintain both its “village feel” and historic form.

land useThis plan element examines changes in the commercial and residential composition of German Village and identifies potential future patterns of commercial and residential land use. City directories from 1915, 1923, and 1935 provide a record of the commercial properties that previously existed. The architectural survey also identified the original and current property use and number of units. A combination of the directory information and the survey provided a picture of the trends in land use over time. German Village has experienced changes in density and walkability to adjacent commercial properties.

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Survey respondendts suggested that the residential and commercial fabrics of the community is a current concern. While some residents express their happiness for the walkability and close proximity to a variety of shops and businesses, others voiced their concern for the lack of direct access to local organic markets, “Mom & Pop” properties, and unique shopping opportunities. Due to the unanimous desire to keep the current charm of the neighborhood, it is crucial for German Village to preserve the existing service properties.

Further, a balance between the residential and commercial composition needs to be established to maintain the historic residential quality of the community while encouraging new local businesses to locate in the district.

After analysis of the directories of German Village for the years of 1915, 1923, and 1935, a series of trends and general observations provide insight on the evolution of the commercial fabric of the community. Most streets in the neighborhood displayed consistent increases in commercial properties from 1915 to 1935, with the main hotspots falling along prominent corridors. Based on the directories, a comprehensive list of all the commercial services and offerings was compiled to visualize the feel of the community at each point in history.

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1 9 1 5 c o m p o s i t i o n Overall, German Village had approximately 16 properties that served as some form of commercial service at this point in time. These properties included but were not limited to Garage and construction companies, Pharmacies, Dry Goods Co, Planning Mills, Central Machine & Tool, Foster Gear Co, Thurmania Theatre, Art Glass Co, Plumbing.

1 9 2 3 c o m p o s i t i o n German Village saw an increase of its non-residential parcel use, going up to nearly 50 properties and encompassing a wider variety of accessible grocery options, manufacturing, and other home services. These properties included but were not limited to Manufacturing, art glass, Kroger, home dry goods, Athletic Club, Ohio Concrete, Union Annexes, Sales, packing companies, pharmacies, Piggly Wiggly, Auto Supply companies, Columbia Theatre, Roofing, Laundromats, brass foundries, flooring companies, Thurmania Theatre, plumbing, cleaners.

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Commercial

German Village began to see an even larger increase to its fabric, amounting to approximately 177 properties that were strictly commercial, mixed use, or contained home occupations. These home occupation properties are very unique to the area, and are very crucial to preserving the “village charm” of the community. At that moment in time, approximately 43 of the 177 properties were identified as having home business/service, and included dentists, tailors, and barbers. The 177 properties included but were not limited to Restaurants, printing companies, funeral homes, beauty shops, radio repairs, cleaners, plumbing, sheet metal works, shoe repair, drug stores, auto repair, cigar manufacturers, surgical appliances, physicians, bakers, paper stores, breweries, grocery stores (large and mom&pop), bottling companies, sportsman clubs, contractors, florists, music teachers, mills, painters, bait stores, and hardware stores.

t o d Ay ’ s c o m p o s i t i o n & t h i r d s t r e e tThird street is the most prominent instance of a commercial “corridor” in German village. The majority of the parcels along Third St. have been converted from their original residential use to clusters of commercial use with a sprinkling of mixed use properties in between. The focus group displayed a range of feelings towards the walkability/access to shops, with some communicating an ease of accessibility, while others did not.

Currently, there are 97 parcels in German Village that have been identified as having some form of commercial use. The architectural survey required the original use of each address be noted to establish any trends or connections that can be drawn. This is what was found:

13 surveyed properties identified as being converted from commercial to residential.

16 properties have been identified as mixed use.

25 properties have been converted from residential to commercial. 11 of those properties exist on Third Street alone.

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Residential to Commercial

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e x i s t i n g c o n d i t i o n sr e s i d e n t i A lGerman Village has experienced several residential changes. Analysis of the architectural survey showed that a total of 86 properties in the community have been converted from a larger amount of units to a smaller number (70 properties went from 2 units to 1). Of these 86 properties, Jackson Street was the most represented, containing 13 properties that decreased in number of units.

113 properties have increased their number of units. This instance was most commin in Third Street where 17 properties expanded their number of units. With the observed increase of commercial identities on Third St., it is apparent that this correlates with the trend of densifying residential properties.

Further, Whittier, Lazelle, and City Park also experienced generous amounts of unit conversion increase with 12, 9, and 7 properties respectively, In addition, it is important to note that the properties identified on Whittier appeared in clusters.

2 to 1 unit decrease

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A list of vacant, private, and rental properties should be compiled to identify potential sites of commercial development. Visually and contextually understanding the overlap between these components will allow German Village to prioritize specific properties to address that would benefit most to the residents directly adjacent to them, and further will allow a deeper understanding of the balance needed to be maintained between the commercial and residential properties. The best way to begin designing and implementing specific ideas that reflect the desires of community members is to understand the mix of properties that currently exist.

Preserve the existing commercial properties within German Village. Few parts (Livingston Avenue) are zoned as commercial, so properties that fall outside of here either obtained a variance or existed prior to 1972. If any of these properties existing under a variance change use in some form, the parcel would revert to its intended R-2F (single and multi-family residential) zoning unless it undergoes another variance process. This could result in the loss of commercial properties because of the variance requirement. Offering to waive fees to those obtaining a variance to preserve the properties commercial identity would increase the likelihood of maintaining German Village’s current composition.

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Leave zoning as is. Third Street would remain as the most prominent commercial use corridor that provides easy access and walkability to residents that live in the area directly adjacent to it. There would be no effort to address areas of German Village that fall outside of this main strip. While allowing the village to keep its “residential feel”, new businesses that residents desire would have a difficult time integrating into the area. Properties under a zoning variance may revert to its intended zoning (single and multi-family residential) if the business owner choose to change the property use.

Commercial properties increase within areas outside of the main commercial corridors of Third Street and Whittier. This can be accompolished by targeting vacant and rental properties by encouraging landlords to reach out to businesses owners and people with personal services to fill these empty spots. More residents will have easier access to a range of shops and services, and the mix of commercial properties will be more diverse.

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Infrastructure was historically much simpler. When German Village was founded, there were different conventions for utility provision and infrastructure. Infrastructure for plumbing and electricity had to be added after the village was fully built. Retrofitting these services can be challenging, and infrastructure requires continual updating.

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infrastructureGerman Village is facing infrastructure challenges that are common across the state of Ohio. Every four years, the American Society of Civil Engineers generates statewide infrastructure condition score reports and provides detailed commentary about the status of utility systems. In the 2009 report for Ohio, the infrastructure subgroups of electricity, drinking water, and wastewater all received grades of C+ or lower, indicating major investment is required to sustain critical systems in the near future [1].

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Electric service in German Village is satisfactory for current demand. The American Society of Civil Engineers rates the Ohio electric utility infrastructure with a grade of C+, indicating electric infrastructure is in average condition [1]. Additionally, service is provided at customer-facing rates significantly below the national average rate for electricity. This shows the German Village electricity market is sustainable from the perspective of produces and consumers [2]. 80% of electricity in German Village is derived from coal resources, with the remaining electricity coming from other sources such as natural gas, oil, solar, and Increasing the quantity of renewable energy sources powering the German Village neighborhood is a major

e l e c t r i c i t yopportunity that should be explored in the near future. Programs related to solar and wind power may provide an additional electricity generation solution for residents as the cost of renewable energy systems continues to decrease. To encourage residents to invest in such system, the German Village Society, in conjunction with Columbus, should consider the impact in particular of solar panels on historic district character in its future design guidelines updates [3]. Studies on the topic of integrating green technologies into historic areas suggest that historic preservation and green technologies are mutually exclusive. This plan will outline the framework for creating a sustainable green technology program for the German Village neighborhood.

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In German Village and Central Ohio drinking water and wastewater systems are below average quality and are in need of significant upgrades to maintain pace with projected population and development trends. In 2009, the American Society of Civil Engineers issued both the Ohio Drinking Water and Wastewater systems a grade of D+, indicating major issues related to long-term water infrastructure resilience. This ranking reflects a clear need to improve existing water utility infrastructure and expand capacity in some form.

The City of Columbus is currently under orders from the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency to make comprehensive upgrades to its drinking water and wastewater systems. In the past decade, the region has added capacity to water utility infrastructure

through a variety of traditional and nontraditional methods, both creating costs and benefits for the greater region.The Olentangy-Scioto Interceptor Sewer Augmentation Relief (OSAR) Project is a water utility tunnelling project forecasted for completion by the end of 2017. The project goal is to redirect excess stormwater from the Scioto River in Downtown Columbus and bypass this area, emptying approximately four miles downstream south of German Village. At an originally projected cost of $371 million, it is clear that traditional water utility infrastructure improvements such as tunnels are costly burdens on city and regional governments [4]. The project is the most expensive public works project in the history of the City of Columbus and is currently over budget by about $30 million.

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Columbus has also implemented progressive approaches to managing wastewater. The Olentangy/Scioto River Restoration Project removed aging water management infrastructure to increase river capacity and provide benefits to local wildlife. As a result of this now-completed project, the river channel narrowed and deepened, transitioning back to a more natural state. The land resulting from the river narrowing is now used for recreation purposes and can serve as river overflow in extreme weather situations. The project increased stormwater capacity and now provides natural areas that benefit residents and the environment.

Blueprint Columbus is an additional initiative that makes unique nontraditional stormwater management strategies available to the Columbus region. The program provides education and funding opportunities to Central Ohio communities in need of innovative stormwater management solutions, including roof water redirection and green infrastructure. In 2015, Clintonville was selected as the pilot community for the Blueprint Columbus project [6].

The city has identified locations in the Clintonville community for potential green infrastructure, including porous pavement, rain gardens, and other improvements. In the future, this community will see sustainable water management implementation in accordance with Ohio EPA investment requirements.

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A supplemental green technologies amendment to the German Village Design Guidelines should be written. The objectives of this goal are to provide German Village residents with additional energy options and to create a world class example of integrating green technologies in historic districts. The green technology amendment would go through a substantial public engagement process to ensure current residents understand its importance to the future of sustainable energy in Ohio. The supplement will discuss the differences between types of solar panels, guidelines for installing panels using methods complementary to structure styles, and recommendations for applying solar panels to contemporary additions or new structures. Completion of this goal will prove historic preservation and green technology can coexist and further add character to places already rich with historic and identity.

Create ‘German Village Design Guidelines Supplement for Solar Power and Other Green Technologies’

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German Village should prioritize green infrastructure implementation through the Blueprint Columbus program. Working with the City of Columbus Department of Public Utilities, German Village should ensure the community is considered for future Blueprint Columbus neighborhood applications. Green Infrastructure, including porous pavement, rain gardens, and bioretention infrastructure will provide many benefits to the neighborhood. The neighborhood stormwater management water capacity will increase while providing infrastructure that further enhances the historic character of the neighborhood. Additional water management capacity will also alleviate sewer smells many German Village residents cited as one of the top issues the community faces in the near future.

Implement green infrastructure for water management in German Village

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s c e n A r i o sScenario AIn Scenario A, German Village avoids integration of green technologies into the community. Electricity, drinking water, and wastewater capacity remains at the same current levels. Sewer odors remain at current levels with complaints that average at current levels. The level of electricity produced by sustainable energy sources remains at the current level of approximately 1%. Water utility infrastructure fails to meet capacity demands during instances of heavy rainfall or during periods of area snow melt.

Scenario BThis scenario sees the improvement of utility infrastructure in the German Village neighborhood. The German Village Society and local residents begin to embrace sustainable infrastructure technologies in a pilot program unrelated to citywide initiatives such as Blueprint Columbus. German Village residents volunteer time to install homemade green infrastructure along one major German Village street. Solar panel installation continues to be viewed as non-contributing to the neighborhood character even though many residents have the desire to install systems for personal electricity generation.

Scenario CScenario C sees the complete creation and adoption of the German Village Green Infrastructure Design Guidelines Supplement. This document will guide the future German Village Commission approval process in relation to green technologies. As a result of this action, homeowners and landlords alike begin integrating sustainable technologies into renovation, addition, and new structure projects. Within 10 years, German Village renewable energy usage has increased from 1% to 30% of total energy production, with the goal to become carbon neutral by the year 2050. The community sets the standard for the greater Central Ohio region, which views sustainability as a priority in the coming decades.

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i m p l e m e n tAt i o nThe core infrastructure recommendation is a proposed green infrastructure supplement to the existing German Village guidelines. This supplement to the current building design guidelines would provide implementation resources for various types of green infrastructure and discuss additional requirements for implementing these methods in a historic district. Creating formal design guidelines for green infrastructure such as solar panels and rain gardens is critical to the long-term environmental sustainability of German Village. However, these techniques are often unattractive in appearance and could have a negative impact on neighborhood character. The green infrastructure supplement will provide detailed explanations of alternative design and construction techniques that can be contemporary yet compatible to existing German Village structures and have a positive impact on neighborhood character and appearance.

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Green Infrastructure for stormwater management can be complementary in design to existing street features in German Village. Major streets such as South Third Street, Mohawk Street, and East Whittier Street could pose good opportunities for implementing sustainable stormwater management infrastructure. German Village should seek funding for green infrastructure from the City of Columbus Blueprint Columbus initiative. The community could benefit from inclusion in the project and has the potential to become the next pilot community for the project.

Green Infrastructure for sustainable energy production can have major impacts on the German Village neighborhood. Solar panels in particular can feature unique designs that provide contemporary yet compatible details that enhance neighborhood character. Solar panels can be placed in roof areas that do not face streets, such as the rear roof elevation of side-gabled structures. Solar panels can also be placed on auxiliary structures such as sheds or garages or placed on flat roofs with parapet details, similar to those installed on the roof of structures in the Vatican. Additionally, solar panels can also be fabricated to have the appearance of roof shingles, further incorporating contemporary details into historic structures [8].

German Village began to develop during the 1800’s, before the rise of the automobile. Due to this, the area was not laid out in a way that promotes automobile usage. As automobile usage became more prevalent, some German Village residents have added garages to their homes. German Village needs solutions to parking problems that do not compromise the historic form of the area while providing enough parking supply for residents and visitors.

parkingAs a historic district that has been developing for over a century, German Village faces problems with its parking availability. German Village was developed prior to the invention of the automobile and it was not developed in an automobile-centric design. There are no original “garages” in the modern sense of the word, however some properties did have sheds or other structures that were used for storage. All of the garages in the district were added after the automobile came to prominence. Most residents in the village park on the streets near their homes. As a popular destination in Columbus, German Village receives many visitors who share these on-street parking spots with residents. Parking lots are sparse and primarily located near large commercial sites. As an area that is almost completely built, there is nowhere to incorporate new surface lots, and surface lots would detract from the character of the historic district. German Village must maximize its existing parking areas in order to provide enough spaces for residents, businesses, and visitors to share. The parking supply has been a growing concern for the area for a number of years. There are policy changes that can be made in order to help German Village to ease the stress on the parking supply.

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e x i s t i n g c o n d i t i o n sParking in German Village is one of the highest concerns for residents. Currently, the majority of parking in German Village is on-street parking, with a few surface lots near larger commercial buildings. This on-street parking is shared with residents, visitors, and businesses. The northwest part of German Village includes permit “A” parking, and the rest of the area has free parking with varying time limits.

There are approximately 390 residential garages that provide 700 spaces for residents to park. With over 1,500 properties in German Village, this translates to about 26% of properties having their own off-street parking (excluding driveways), leaving about 74% of residents to share parking with businesses and visitors to the area daily. Many multi-family dwellings have small lots next to them or behind them, but these lots are only for people who live in the buildings associated and many of them are assigned, leaving no spaces for visitors. As a popular destination for food, parks, and atmosphere in Columbus, this creates a problem, especially during busier times of the day. Visitors and residents must also be aware of the parking limitations in German Village. Many of the signs explaining parking rules can be confusing due to their text-heavy nature. In some places there are secondary signs explaining rules for different times

of year (i.e. street sweeping in the fall). Most areas where these signs are located are limited to 2 hour parking, with the exclusion of those with permit “A”. Up until 2012, residents were able to park on parking pads in alleys behind their homes. In 2012, Columbus banned alley parking in order to accommodate city vehicles that needed to have room to maneuver through the tight alleys of German Village. This took a substantial number of parking units away from the area and moved those vehicles onto the street.

In 2014, a graduate studio at The Ohio State University conducted a parking study. This study looked at parking areas throughout German Village during different times of day. It pinpointed areas that are lacking in parking and proposed solutions. The biggest problem area was around the commercial strip along S. 3rd Street. According to the study, there is less of a problem during the later hours of the day, with surface lots being underutilized and on-street parking numbers being lower. Some of the most viable proposed solutions were to expand permit parking “A” zones, allowing residents to park in front of their own driveways on the street, and eliminating 2 hour restrictions on certain parking zones.

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There are a few goals that can be accomplished in the short-term in German Village, two of which were outlined in the parking study done by the graduate studio.

1. Proposed in the parking study was ending 2 hour restrictions on parking zones. Most of these spots are near the commercial areas, however due to the mixed development nature of German Village, there are also residents near these areas. Currently, these spots are undesirable for residents, as they cannot park their car there and go home for the night without having to worry about their car. This would allow residents and employees to park in those areas without needing to move their cars every 2 hours.

2. Implementation of clearer signage would help to make parking restrictions more understandable for those not familiar with the area. Currently, Columbus is testing simpler block-style signage in the Short North. Testing and/or implementing these signs in German Village would clear up a lot of confusion with parking restrictions.

3. Also outlined in the German Village parking study was a change in policy allowing residents to park in front of their own driveways. This would open up an extra on-street parking spot at each residence that has a driveway. By only allowing the occupant or their guest to park there, it does not inconvenience other residents.

A proposed goal in the parking study was the expansion of the “A” permit zone. The original proposal was to expand the zone out a few blocks from the current location. This was listed as a short-term goal for the study. This goal should be a long-term goal with phases of implementation. This expansion should cover areas with low numbers of residential parking garages in order to provide more on-street parking for residents that can purchase the permits. By phasing this expansion in it provides time for residents to purchase permits as well as time to assess the impact that each new area has on the parking supply for residents.

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s c e n A r i o sScenario AIf no changes are made to the current parking regulations, the current parking problems will continue to get worse. If German Village continues to develop there will be more stress on the current parking stock. Residents and visitors will continue to lose on-street parking in the area to businesses and their patrons. This scenario does not cost anything, however it does not solve any problems that residents and businesses are currently facing and can lead to the problem becoming much worse in time.

Scenario BThis scenario would see an end to 2 hour restrictions and would allow residents to park in front of personal driveways.The scenario is an inexpensive option where two of the goals outlined above are accomplished. Both of these options require changing existing regulations. However they do not involve new signage or any infrastructure changes. Ending 2 hour restrictions opens these spaces up for residents to park in overnight. Parking in front of driveways creates a new parking spot for each driveway in German Village. This would only be allowed for people who live within the property/their guests. The drawback is that visitors may not know that residents are allowed to park in front of their own driveways and may park in front of driveways as well, blocking in residents.

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Scenario CThis scenario provides the largest change in parking supply in German Village. The same benefits and drawbacks from scenario 2 are present but there are more benefits and drawbacks to implementing the other two goals. Implementing clearer signage would benefit visitors and patrons to German Village businesses by making it more obvious when they can and cannot park in certain areas. This would require replacing the current signs which would cost money for each sign. This change also would not have too much of an impact on the residents’ parking availability. Expanding the “A” permit zone would help to provide more reliable parking for residents of German Village. By having a permit, residents would have a place to park that most

visitors would not have passes for. This expansion would be implemented over time, allowing residents to decide whether they want to purchase a permit. By implementing this over time it also allows officials to assess the impact that adding these zones creates. There would be a cost associated with purchase and installation of new signs as well as a necessity to inform those affected of the new change in parking regulations.

i m p l e m e n tAt i o nImplementation of these goals would be relatively inexpensive and quick. Removing the 2 hour restriction on parking would only cost the price of sign removal. This process could be completed within three to six months. This will give time for the process to be completed in one phase. Implementation of clearer signage would be slightly more expensive and time consuming. This goal would require switching all existing text-heavy signage to the ‘block-style’ signage currently being tested in the Short North. This process would take approximately 6 months to 1 year to complete. German Village will need to approach the City of Columbus about being an area that receives the new signage. If approved, there will be a time and money cost associated with changing to the new signs. Allowing residents to park in front of their personal driveways is an inexpensive way to increase the amount of parking in German Village. For every driveway in German Village there would be another parking spot that residents can use. This could be implemented within 1-3 months, pending approval. It would be a single-phase implementation that would require getting the information about the new policy to the residents in German Village. This would help to increase the parking stock specifically for residents, whereas the other goals would have effects on residents, businesses, and visitors, meaning that

residents would need to share these spaces. The long-term goal of expanding the “A” permit zone would be a multi-phase implementation. The current zone is in the northwest corner of German Village. The first phase would go two blocks east of S. 5th St. and south to E. Frankfort St. to complete a square with the existing permit area. This is the area that was proposed in the German Village parking study. Next, the area would be expanded east over to S. 6th St. and south to E. Kossuth St. between Mohawk St. and S. 6th St. The final expansion would go east to Jeager St. and south to E. Whittier St. After each expansion, there will be a 3 month gap where parking trends are analyzed to quantify the effect on parking in the areas covered and the surrounding areas. By taking this time to analyze the areas, adjustments can be made throughout the process. Officials can view the analyses in order to inform decisions on the next phase. In addition, only one side of the encompassed streets will be permit parking to allow for some visitor parking to remain. The full process for the currently outlined expansions will be 1-1 ½ years. There will be a cost associated with sign installation, however this could be offset by the money raised through permit purchases.

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The historic houses are German Village’s greatest asset. As these houses age, they will inevitably deteriorate. The easiest method of protecting the historic form is to maintain the appearance and function. As the built environment ages, deterioration is inevitable, but reducing the rate and amount of deterioration is possible. Historic form can be preserved through continual maintenance.

exteriormaintenanceGerman Village’s preservation efforts are successful due to the continued efforts of property owners. Fixing minor maintenance issues prevents major damage to the historical features on a property. Currently 252 properties need maintenance in German Village out of 1,575 properties. While that is only sixteen percent of properties in German Village, if the problems are not dealt with in a timely manner, the historic buildings may sustain major damage. The younger generation is tending to want to rent homes for a longer period of time than previous generations, leaving the maintenace of these properties up to the landlords.

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e x i s t i n g c o n d i t i o n sSurvey respondents listed maintenance as a top issue that German Village faces. A few residents specifically pointed to negligent landlords letting homes fall into disrepair. One German Village landlord has a waiting list on her properties in the neighborhood. She is a believer in proper maintenance on rental properties and explained to the focus group that there are apartments closer to downtown that are well maintained and that the landlords that do not care for their properties will be unable to compete.

A member of the German Village Commission noted that very few of the homes have maintenance issues, and those that do are in much better shape than in other neighborhoods in Columbus. Code enforcement officers prioritize violations based on severity. Other neighborhoods have homes that violate building codes and are no longer fit to be habitable.

Through the National Register Update Survey, 252 properties were found that need repair. 32 homes need a fresh coat of paint while 20 homes need to have the stucco and vinyl siding removed from the exterior. Only ten homes had ivy on them while 13 needed to have the landscape maintained and only six needed the gutters repaired. While these may seem like minor maintenance, these issues can lead to greater damage.

Chipping and cracked paint can expose the material below. Exterior paint often provides a moisture barrier to keep water from penetrating wood siding and allowing the siding to mold and rot. Vinyl siding laid over brick hides the original exterior of the home and compromises the historic character. Stucco does this as well, causing damage to the original exterior. Removing siding and stucco raises the property value of a home and increases its historic value. Ivy growing up a building or a tree may look pretty, but

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the roots dig into the bark of the tree and the mortar between the bricks, causing structural damage to supporting walls, which can be challenging to repair. Other homes have overgrown bushes and weeds that need to be removed. Gutters are essential to directing excess rainwater away from the building. With damaged gutters, a home would have more rainwater running down the exterior and seeping into the building.

While negligent landlords are an issue in German Village, rental properties are not the only buildings facing maintenance problems. Homeowners are not always able to provide or pay for all the maintenance a historic property requires. There are several lower cost options that, if conducted properly and in a timely manner, can prevent larger costs. Major repairs are inevitable, and only delayable, so homeowners pay out of pocket or take out a home improvement loan. While

this works for most German Village residents, those that are not able to do so must bear the financial burden to live in a habitable home.

Historic properties in German Village must receive either staff approval or a Certificate of Appropriateness to make alterations to the exterior, however most maintenance items (trimming bushes, patching paint, etc.) can be completed without either. According to the German Village website, “The City’s Building Regulation Department enforces the [German Village Commission’s] decisions. Failure to comply with City Code can result in the issuance of a Code Violation Order, leading to court action, enforcement and/or fines levied against the property owner for non-compliance. [1]” However, these actions are rarely taken against the homeowners.

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Motivate pride in ownership.If an owner takes pride in their property, that owner is far more likely to maintain their property. Owning a home in German Village should be a source of pride. Owners would not want to be associated with a dilapidated home. With most homes in good condition, homes that have not been maintained stand out and are more easily remembered.

Maintain home values and appealHome values change drastically due to simple repairs. Removing broken shutters, especially ones that are not historically appropriate, can easily increase the appeal of a home, making the home easier to sell. This would also build home equity, which allows you to acquire larger home equity loans.

Prevent major damage to homes. A single cracked slate tile can allow moisture to seep in and further damage the home. Taking care of small items such as this can prevent water damage, mold, and weakening of the structure.

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Aid lower-income homeowners with funding to maintain homesNot all homeowners are able to allocate funds for future repairs. Education about home improvement loans and home equity loans would lead to more homes being repaired in a timely manner.

Restore brick exterior on vinyl sided and stuccoed homesWhile difficult, it is possible to remove stucco from a brick exterior building and restore the original facades. As the brick underneath may be damaged and in need of repair or replacement this process is both lengthy and costly. Tax credit and grants should be used to finance what the owner cannot afford. Vinyl siding can also be removed, and damaged brick repaired or replaced.

Ensure all historic code violations are able to be properly addressed Create a legal way for those violating the German Village Guidelines to be held financially responsible when making unauthorized changes to the exterior. A fine schedule should be determined dependent on the financial status of the violator. This may take some time to determine all of the legal loopholes and who would be in charge of collecting the fines. The collected fines could then be used to fund projects in German Village.

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s c e n A r i o sScenario ABusiness as usual The majority of homes receive standard maintenance and no major damage is incurred on most homes. A few homes continue to deteriorate until the repairs become necessities and the owners manage to finance the major repair. No homes have the siding removed.

Scenario BWork toward goalsMinor maintenance would be completed in a timely manner, any necessary repairs would be made more swiftly dealt with as the financing would be accessed quicker. A few of the buildings have the newer siding removed to expose the historic work underneath. Unauthorized changes lower and funds are available for German Village’s use.

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Educate In order to encourage homeowners to maintain their home, the German Village Society should continue to produce articles on proper historic home maintenance and posting them on the German Village website. These articles educate homeowners about the actions they can take to prevent damage to their home and also serve as a reminder for the homeowners to make the repair. To reach all property owners, the society should distribute printed copies to each property. These newsletters should be distributed once every three months, following the seasons. The newsletter should include details on which maintenance items should be completed within that season. Items such as winterizing your home and garden for the winter and weed control for the summer months should be included.

The newsletter should not only hold reminders of maintenance items, but the best methods to complete the repairs quickly and appropriately. Residents are not required to gain a Certificate of Appropriateness (COA) for most minor home maintenance. However, for those needing a new coat of paint or more extensive repairs that need either Columbus Historical Society staff approval or a COA, a short reminder on the proper procedures and needed paperwork would shorten the approval process. Reminders could also be distributed to remind renters to check their leases and understand who is responsible for the maintenance of the property.

RestoreBy chipping away at stucco carefully, it is possible to remove it. The process must be executed delicately and slowly, as the original brick could be damaged. Not all German Village homes were originally brick, but if the building was, then the stucco may have been applied to deteriorating brick and the brick may have to be replaced. The brick may also have had metal mesh applied which leaves holes from the nails [2]. Vinyl siding is more easily removed by pulling it off of the home. Smaller tasks such as removing damaged shutters and replacing damaged brick restore a good portion of the historic character of the property.

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The historic form of German Village can be challenging for people with disabilities. Uneven brick sidewalks and steps up to houses and businesses are difficult to navigate. However, many steps can be taken to improve the functionality of German Village for those with diabilities. Accommodations can vary in cost, ease of installation, and historical appropriateness. Signs can be altered, furniture rearranged, and small ramps installed. The historic form does not need to be destroyed to aid people with disabilities.

ada compliancePassed in 1991, the Americans with Disabilities Act has been regulating public buildings and businesses to make them more accessible to all people. Since the passage of the Act, many civil lawsuits have been filed and won against companies for discrimination. The Americans with Disabilities Act specifies regulations for newly remodeled, recently built properties and properties built before the provisions of the Act were in effect. The lives of many people with disabilities have changed as businesses have become more accessible and disability friendly.

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e x i s t i n g c o n d i t i o n sAs more funding becomes available for historic properties and German Village, the neighborhood should update amenities to become more accessible for those with disabilities. The Americans with Disabilities Act requires businesses and public buildings to make reasonable accommodations for people with disabilities. The accommodations required for each business are dependent upon the business size, type of business, available assets, and feasibility. A small business with five employees that is doing moderately well would have different requirements for readily achievable accommodations than a business with fifty employees that is doing well [1].

Currently, many locations in German Village are inaccessible to people with disabilities. Many signs do not have braille or raised lettering for people with vision impairments, and employees call out the names of customers, giving no visual cues for those with hearing impairments. Accessibility is also an issue for families with children and strollers who find navigating German Village to be a challenge. The buildings themselves may seem to be accessible, but the uneven brick sidewalks prevent even fully abled people from entering safely. In a survey of German Village residents, several stated that they enjoyed the “walkability of German Village” but they also cited the uneven bricks, tree roots, and snow removal as a problem leading to the inaccessibility of German Village.

The Americans with Disabilities Act also makes allowance for buildings on the National Register of Historic Places, as the businesses in German Village are. If the required changes would compromise the historic character of a property, the business would not be required to make that change. However, there are many ways to make a business more accessible without compromising the historic character of the property. Any newly-built business or public building must follow the most recent ADA regulations. Buildings built before 1991 are only required to become ADA compliant if renovations are made to a specific element. For example, if a business were to replace broken steps, that business would also have to provide a more accessible path, such as a wheelchair ramp.

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As of February 2016, the City of Columbus was planning on installing several ADA compliant ramps in German Village. The map in Figure 1 shows the locations of both existing sidewalk ramps and the planned ramps to be added. Pearl Street, Columbus Street, and Mohawk Street are just a few on the list of intersections receiving these ramps.

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Encourage the City of Columbus to install appropriate rampsBy urging the City of Columbus to install brick ramps and curb cuts along German Village intersections, the sidewalks become more accessible to all, while the historic character remains. Bricks with raised circles on the tops can be used to make the difference between the ramps and sidewalks more apparent.

Ensure readily achievable barriers are removed Removing readily achievable barriers is not only required by the Americans with Disabilities Act, but is also a good business practice. Readily achievable barriers are elements that prevent a property from becoming more accessible that could be altered in a means that is inexpensive and non-disruptive to the business, e.g. adding reflective tape to uneven stairs.

Ensure property owners know and understand ADA regulations.The Americans with Disabilities Act website provides useful booklets on how to make small changes and understand the law for small business owners. If the booklets were passed out to local business owners, they may be able to recognize the changes that they are able to make to their business and how to prevent being cited for not following the Americans with Disabilities Act regulations.

Clear entrances of snow, ice, and other debris quickly.Winter weather often brings additional hazards to the entrances of buildings. Melting snow and dripping umbrellas bring water into the business that can cause slips or falls.

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Have all businesses become more disability friendly With the continuous effort of business owners to remove readily achievable barriers, all of German Village could have a more disability friendly culture. People with disabilities would be more able and willing to become regular customers. With the added patronage the businesses would increase profits and the cost of improvements would pay for themselves.

Have historically appropriate curb cuts at all German Village intersections and crossing points Installing curb cuts throughout German Village made of the same brick that the current curbs are made of keeps the historic element while allowing for more mobility within German Village. Pedestrian traffic would flow with more ease and businesses would be easier to access.

Educate business owners about low-impact, low or no-cost accommodations and practices that can make their businesses more inclusiveDistributing the ADA Update: A Primer for Small Businesses to German Village business owners and other supplemental information about the smallest changes they can readily achieve.

Educate business owners about ways to make major accommodations so that properties will retain historic and economic valueCreating a list of local installers for major ADA improvements and informing the business owners of the cost of them would ensure that business owners are able to complete projects in a timely and less costly manner. Inform business owners of tax deductions and tax credits available for making these changes.

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s c e n A r i o sScenario ABusiness as usual: Customers have difficulty maneuvering into and through businesses in German Village. Customers choose to go to newer shops that were required to be accessible and lose the opportunity to experience the historic character of the neighborhood. Established, regular customers leave as they become less able-bodied, while new more able-bodied customers come due to the charm of German Village and the quality of goods and services. As some locations make extensive repairs or replace restrictive elements, they are made at the expense of historic preservation, because the business owner is unaware of the historic property exemption, or of ways to make the accommodation that would retain historic value.

Scenario BWork toward goals: German Village’s walkability increases, bringing in additional customers and potential residents. Younger families are more open to the idea of living in a neighborhood that they and their children can travel safely through. The historic charm is not lost, as the changes that are made to the properties and streets are done using alternate materials that are suggested for use in removing barriers. Businesses’ profits increase due to the added customer base, despite possibly losing product space.

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AdditionInstalling appropriately designed wheelchair ramps of the proper height to length ratio can be difficult to achieve. Ramps must be one foot long for every inch in height. The ramps must also be at least thirty-six inches in width [2]. These ramps take up a great amount of space, and using non-standard materials to remain historically appropriate increases costs. Widening the staircases and doorways are a more extensive method of making a property more accessible. Installing handrails on stairs, ramps, and in bathrooms is a simple change to make a location easier to maneuver. Restaurants and service businesses can use vibrating buzzers to call their customers, which would aid both those visually and hearing impaired and those distracted by their surroundings.

RearrangeFor those with less of an ability to make renovations, simply ensuring that the doorway and some space around it remain clear provides more accessibility. By shifting shelving to widen the space between products and in front of the cashier, more customers are able to be served while also making them at-ease with an open floor plan.

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Repair or ReplacePulling up the sidewalks and saving as much brick as possible in order to level off the ground beneath the sidewalks is an endeavour that property owners can take to make their own streets more accessible and increase the walkability of the neighborhood.

Replacing flat signs with signs that have braille text or even simply raised lettering would aid people who are visually impaired in navigating inside of a business without aid from another person.

EducateBusiness owners need to be informed about the tax credits that they may be able to apply for. Small businesses with 30 or fewer employees or total revenues of $1 million or less can use the Disabled Access Credit (Internal Revenue Code, Section 44). Eligible small businesses may take a credit of up to $5,000 (half of eligible expenses up to $10,250, with no credit for the first $250) to offset their costs for access, including barrier removal from their facilities (e.g., widening a doorway, installing a ramp)... provision or modification of equipment.” This credit would benefit most of the German Village businesses. Both small and large businesses “may take advantage of [a] tax deduction. Under IRC, Section 190, businesses can take a business expense deduction of up to $15,000 per year for costs of removing barriers in facilities or vehicles” [3]. 178

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Historic codes are integral to maintaining the form of a historic district. These guidelines work to guide development in the district they are implemented in. In German Village, the commission, the society, and the citizens hold their codes in high regard and work to adhere to them. Without strong backing for codes like these, the character of historic districts degrades and the district declines as a result. However, since German Village has backed these codes for decades and continues to back them so strongly, the area continues to develop in a way that is congruent with its historic form.

codesGerman Village has well-established historic codes that its residents adhere to in order to maintain the quality of the neighborhood. These codes have existed in different forms since German Village’s designation as a historic district. Residents and visitors in the neighborhood find the harm and character of the neighborhood very important. To hold residents accountable, there will need to be oversight and penalties for those that choose not to comply in maintaining the character. As a district that is primarily built-up and well-maintained, historic codes are broken more often than building codes in the area.

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exterior alterations is located on pages 22-27 of the German Village Guidelines. If approved, residents receive a certificate of appropriateness. If the commission rejects the proposal, the submitter is advised to rework their proposal to fit the standards set forth and resubmit the proposal. The guidelines are currently available on the German Village Sociey website. The version located online contains the amendments made in 2005. However, residents must contact the Society directly for current alterations to the document. These guidelines do not control interior alterations but do encourage residents to preserve as much of the original interior as possible (i.e. not knocking down historic interior walls.)

In 1960, The German Village Commission was created to oversee preservation of the German Village area. Three years later, in 1963, the boundaries of the German Village historic district were established. Shortly after, a codebook was created to set forth rules governing buildings in the area. This codebook was the main document guiding the commission until 1989, when the commission guidelines were created. These guidelines act as a supplement to the building codes in Columbus, OH. They help to guide the commission and residents on exterior alterations of properties. In order to get approval for changes, residents must submit specific documentation to the commission who then either approves or rejects the proposal. The process for applying for

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members after completing the work. Residents who choose to violate the guidelines may receive a Code Violation order, which could lead to other consequences, but enforcement is not guaranteed. Residents may report violations to 311 code enforcement, a resource for German Village residents. Residents may utilize the 311 website to report code violations such as trash not being picked up to building code violations that can be dangerous. This can be done anonymously and users can visually view the progress of reported violations, however there is a need to establish another group for historic codes due to the volume of pending violations still in progress for the 311.

These guidelines exist to protect the historic character of German Village. The character of German Village is highly important to residents who responded to the survey. This sentiment was reflected in a focus group done in the area. Most citizens follow the special procedures related to receiving approval from the German Village Commission. However, some citizens do not. For example, despite being explicitly prohibited in the German Village Guidelines [1], many homes throughout the area have glass block windows, a feature that is not original or typical in German Village. Because there is no direct penalty for installing alterations that are not considered appropriate, residents can choose to avoid the German Village Commission and its

g o A l sCreate a fund to help homeowners afford appropriate alterations. Alterations on historic properties can be expensive compared to alterations on modern buildings. Residents are required to follow the German Village Guidelines when altering the exterior of their property, which can require specific materials. By establishing a fund, residents could apply for money to alter and maintain their properties in accordance with the guidelines.

Establish monetary penalty for historic code violations. By establishing a penalty for these violations, residents would be significantly more likely to follow the codes set forth by the German Village Society. Currently, violators can receive a Code Violation order. This could lead

to court and/or monetary penalties. However, these violations do not always lead to this. The money from these penalties would go to the fund set forth in goal one. Other historic districts/plans have set up different styles of penalization for these violations. Morehead, KY sets up a graduated system of penalties that increase for each subsequent offense [4]. The Montford Historic District set up a system where people are charged $100 a day for each day that the offense continues [3]. The West Adams Heritage Association proposed a penalty of half the price to return the alteration to a compliant state [2]. These plans can be used as a basis for formulating a penalty structure for offenses.

Establish a firm color palette that is enforceable by the German Village Commission. Currently the color palette is only recommended, which does not prevent homeowners from choosing their own colors. An established, enforceable color palette will prevent further degradation of the Village’s historic tone.

Establish a group to handle code violations specifically related to historic codes. The code enforcement officers that handle historic code violations also handle building code violations in a large area. By establishing a penalty for historic code violations, there will need to be more oversight in the area. A group that will focus on German Village

specifically will create the necessary oversight. The individuals involved must be intimately familiar with the German Village Guidelines in order to enforce them most efficiently.

Increase accessibility of the German Village Guidelines. Currently, the German Village Guidelines are available online, with very limited numbers of copies available in print. In order to increase accessibility, more printed versions should be made available. Having a printed version available for residents to purchase or borrow would be helpful for those applying for a certificate of appropriateness as they may find it easier to mark pages important to their alteration.

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Implementation of these goals is relatively fast but does involve education and monetary investments.

Creating a fund for owner alteration expenses is a process that could be completed in three to six months. It is possible to finish the process of setting this fund up earlier depending on how quickly it is approved and a source of initial funding is found. It would also require setting up an application process for owners to go through in order to have access to this capital. This capital would only be for contributing alterations/repairs and would be a way that those who wish to be compliant but are unsure if they can afford to make the repair/alteration they need.

Establishing the monetary penalty for code violations is a process that would involve legislative bodies in German Village and the Columbus City Offices. This process could be started at the same time as the fund creation. This would have a timeline of approximately three to six months as well. It will require officials to examine different options, such as those outlined in the goals section, and decide on an appropriate penalty for offenses. Once this is decided, German Village will need to educate their citizens on the new policy regarding monetary penalties. The money received in penalties would be used to supplement the owner alteration fund. Establishing a group to explicitly handle historic code violations is a process that will take four to ten months. The formation of the group will need to be approved by German Village Commission and the City of Columbus. Once formed, there will be a need for people to fill the roles of enforcement officers. These officers would need to go through training and become extremely familiar with the German Village Historic Guidelines. Increasing accessibility of the German Village Guidelines is a process that could be completed within 1-2 months. It would require deciding upon a number of physical copies that should be created and how they will be distributed. It will be important to have a couple copies readily available at the Meeting Haus for people to borrow. This will allow people to have a physical copy of the book without requiring the cost of printing the book out for everyone. An abbreviated version of the guidelines could be created quickly and added to the current welcome packets that new residents receive.

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German Village was perceived as a safe neighborhood for German Immigrants working in the neighboring Brewery District before the neighborhood began to decline after prohibition and the halt in brewery production. As the German immigrants moved out of the neighborhood, the area became the location of blight and crime. However, after the neighborhood was founded in 1963, the area saw a decrease in crime and an increase in safety as more people moved into the neighborhood.

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The safety of a neighborhood is imperative to the well-being of residents and business owners that thrive within it. German Village has a high presence of petty crime within the neighborhood and the safety of the neighbors has become a growing concern. This is highlighted in this chapter, along with several solutions to decrease the crime within the neighborhood.

e x i s t i n g c o n d i t i o n sThe safety of the neighborhood is a growing concern amongst residents. It was ranked as one of the top concerns in the survey conducted by members of this studio, as 41% of respondents listed crime or safety as one of the top three issues facing German Village today. Stakeholders for German Village’s strategic plan listed crime as their number two priority as 16% of survey respondents listed safety as a concern.

Actions are already in place to address the growing concern. The society began hosting police luncheons where residents can speak with officers from the 11th precinct to discuss the neighborhood’s safety. Further, a safety committee was recently established in an attempt to alleviate the crime rate in German Village and increase awareness amongst neighbors. This committee was responsible for hosting the Village’s first National Night Out, a nationwide event to increase police awareness. Due to common package theft, the German Village Society allows personal packages to be sent to the Meeting Haus to be picked up at the convenience of the resident.

In 2015, German Village reported 52% fewer crimes than Merion Village with significantly fewer Residential Burglaries and Individual Robberies.

Individual Robbery Theft Residential Burglary

Concentration of crime within the last 6 months190

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g o A l sAddress the types of crime occurring within the neighborhood and the common areas in which they occur.The majority of reported crime in German Village is residential burglary and burglary from a car as over 80% of all reported crime within the neighborhood comes from these two categories of burglary. Most residential burglary occurs in the morning hours, around 9 am, or during the night between midnight and 5am. Homes closest to Schiller Park are less likely to be burglarized than those homes further away from the park. Overall crime decreases near local points of interest within German Village. Schiller Park, Schmidt’s, and the Book Loft all see less crime in the surrounding blocks than the village does as a whole.

Decrease the crime in crime-ridden areas to increase safety. 1. Decrease Blight in the area. The broken window theory claims that revitalizing one property that is considered blight will create a chain reaction of revitalization among other blighted lots and homes. The neighborhoods surrounding German Village see a significantly higher crime rate. Similarly, properties on the perimeter of German Village are in need of more repair and are considered to be more blighted. By cleaning these homes up first, the surrounding communities and German Village will see less blight and less crime as a consequence.

2. Add streetlights to streets without street lighting and encourage residents to keep porch lights on.

3. Increase the walkability in German Village so there will be more people on the street to keep a watch out for their fellow neighbors and the effects of “eyes on the street” will decrease crime. City blocks that already see a high volume of pedestrians (Schiller Park, Schmidt’s, and the Book Loft areas) have a significant decrease in the number of crimes than blocks with fewer pedestrians.

4. Continue education on ways to prevent crime within the neighborhood and maintain a healthy relationship with local police officers through police luncheons.

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s c e n A r i o sScenario 1: The society continues to hold informational Police Luncheons for local residents to receive tips and updated statistics from local police officers and the safety committee continues to educate villagers on important safety practices to avoid crime. Education may prevent petty crime from occurring in unlocked cars, garages, and homes but other modes of crime will still exist. The village will continue to be in good relations with local police officers as luncheons continue.

Scenario 2: Columbus Police have a higher police presence throughout the neighborhood across the duration of the day. Increased police presence will decrease petty crime.

i m p l e m e n tAt i o nPhase 1: Focus revitalization on the most crime-ridden and blighted areas. Begin revitalization projects in these areas to decrease blight which would therefore decrease the amount of crime within the area. People are more likely to be outside in areas that are revitalized. The more people that are active in the area, the lower the crime rate will be.

Phase 2: Form a neighborhood watch group to increase advocacy amongst the neighbors. By increasing advocacy, neighbors will be more likely to take safety precautions which will prevent petty crime from occurring within the neighborhood.

Phase 3: Create a fund for stationing another police officer within the area during peak hours. Under German Village Society, citizens and business owners would fundraise the salary of another police officer to patrol the neighborhood.

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Parks[1] Hamill (Photographer). (2015, March 25). Snow [digital image]. Retrieved from https://picasaweb.google.com/110385887020856755766/HamillSnow2013#5860068436466707330

Events & Tourism[1] (2014, August 16). 2014 TEA43206 [digital image]. Retrieved from https://picasaweb.google.com/110385887020856755766/2014TEA43206#6049759267596757714

[2] German Village Society. (2016). German Village Society Signature Events. Print. Columbus, OH. (2010, July 28). Art Crawl. Retrieved from http://www.thisweeknews.com/content/stories/germanvillage/news/2010/07/28/art-crawl.html

[3] (2012, June 7). Fred and Howard Breakfast 2012 [digital image] Retrieved from https://picasaweb.google.com/110385887020856755766/FredAndHowardBreakfast2012#5751280030122297554

[4] Clark, J. (Photographer). (2013, June 30). House Und Garten Tour 1 [digital image]. Retrieved from https://picasaweb.google.com/110385887020856755766/HausUndGartenTour2013CourtesyJohnClark#5912701881446563778

[5] Clark, J. (Photographer). (2013, June 30). House Und Garten Tour 2 [digital image]. Retrieved from https://picasaweb.google.com/110385887020856755766/HausUndGartenTour2013CourtesyJohnClark#5912703828861257602

[6] (2013, June 29). Pre Tour Pics [digital image]. Retrieved from https://picasaweb.google.com/110385887020856755766/PreTourPics#5895616120571689890

Schools[1] City Data. (2013) .German Village neighborhood in Columbus, Ohio (OH), 43206, 43215 detailed profile. Retrieved from http://www.city-data.com/neighborhood/German-Village-Columbus-OH.html

[2] Bickell, J. A. (Photographer). (2015, January 13). Stewart Alternative rises from ashes [digital image]. Retrieved from http://www.thisweeknews.com/content/stories/germanvillage/news/2015/01/12/stewart-alternative-rises-from-ashes-welcomes-students.html

[3] Southside STAY. (n.d.). Southside STAY mission statement. Retrieved from http://southsidestay.org/

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Dogs[1] Rouxby, (Photographer). (2012, March 22). Dog on Bench [digital image]. Retrieved from http://germanvillage.com/about-2/gv-photo-album/village-in-spring/

[2] Streckert, J. (2011, December 12). Why does Portland have so many dogs? Retrieved from http://djcoregon.com/dailyblog/2011/12/12/why-does-portland-have-so-many-dogs-good-urban-planning/

[3] Rouxby, (Photographer). (2012, March 22). Running Dog [digital image]. Retrieved from http://germanvillage.com/about-2/gv-photo-album/village-in-spring/

[4] Rouxby, (Photographer). (2012, March 22). Dog Sits in Schiller Park [digital image]. Retrieved from http://germanvillage.com/about-2/gv-photo-album/village-in-spring/

[5] American Kennel Club. (2008). Establishing a Dog Park in Your Community [Brochure]. Author. Retrieved from http://images.akc.org/pdf/GLEG01.pdf

Affordability[1] (2009, February 25) German Village, Columbus, Ohio [digital image]. Retrieved from https://picasaweb.google.com/110385887020856755766/WelcomeToGermanVillage#5730607527627403410

[2] Weiker, J. (2015, November 23). Columbus highly segregated economically Web. The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved fromhttp://www.dispatch.com/content/blogs/on-the-house/2015/11/economic-segregation.html

[3] Scharnhorst, E. (2015, November 20). An Attorney, a Janitor and a Mail Carrier Walk into a Bar - Where Are They? Web. Redfin. Retrieved fromhttps://www.redfin.com/blog/2015/11/economically-integrated-neighborhoods.html#.VlOEgF45UXj

[4] German Village Society. (2014). German Village Real Estate Brochure. Print. Columbus, OH.

[5] Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. (2014, March). Low-Income Housing Tax Credits: Affordable Housing Investment Opportunities for Banks (Community Affairs Department). Washington, DC: Web. Retrieved Fromhttp://www.occ.gov/topics/community-affairs/publications/insights/insights-low-income-housing-tax-credits.pdf

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Sidewalks & Streets[1] G. (2015). Brick Sidewalk Survey. Retrieved March 28, 2016.This survey was

conducted through surveymonkey.com and distributed by German Village Society. Acquisition of the survey results came as a .PDF in an email exchange with Sarah Marsom.

[2] The German Village Society (2015, November 11). 2015 Impact Report (Rep.). 2015 Annual Report doi:https://germanvillage.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Annual-Report-FINAL.pdf

[3] Gemler, B., Spanu, S., Gao, J., Madan, J., March, L., & Stefano, P. (n.d.). Students Consulting for Nonprofit Organizations German Village Society: Sidewalk Repair Initiative [Scholarly project].Document was emailed as a .PDF from Sarah Marsom

Trees[1] (2014). the Role of Trees in Historic Preservation. ORBIS Environmental Advising.

Retrieved From: http://orbisec.com/the-role-of-trees-in-historic-neighborhoods/

[2] Trees Improve Our Air Quality. Urban Forestry Network. Retrieved from: http://urbanforestrynetwork.org/benefits/air%20quality.htm

[3] City of Columbus Urban Forestry. Retrieved from: https://www.columbus.gov/recreationandparks/Urban-Forestry/

[4] (January 2016). Grant Opportunities. America in Bloom. Retrieved from: http://www.americainbloom.org/resources/grant-opportunities.aspx

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Neighboring Communities[1] Vargo, J. (Photographer). (2015, May 1). Franklinton [digital image]. Retrieved from http://www.experiencecolumbus.com/blog/post/your-dining-and-drinks-guide-to-franklinton/

[2] Downtown Wilmington [digital image]. Retrieved from http://www.downtownwilmintonde.com

[3] Home - West Side Grows. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2016, from http://www.westsidegrows.org/

[4] Evans, W. (Photographer). (2016, March 12). Old Towne East [digital image] Retrieved from http://www.columbusunderground.com/olde-town-east-renovations-rehabs-bw1

[5] Brewery24 [digital image]. Retrieved from http://www.urbanohio.com/photo/picture.php?/158/category/1419

Connectivity[1] COTA. #CatchtheCBUS-Picture[digital image]. Retrieved from http://www.cota.com/CBUS

[2] COTA. #CatchtheCBUS-Map. Retrieved from http://www.cota.com/CBUS

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Infrastructure[1] American Society of Civil Engineers. (2009). Ohio Infrastructure Report Card: Electricity Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://ohioasce.org/sites/default/files/2009%20Electricity%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf

[2] Columbus 2020. Columbus Region Transportation Infrastructure and Utilities. Retrieved from http://columbusregion.com/About-the-Region/Transportation-Infrastructure-Utilities.aspx

[3] Ferenchik, Mark. (2012, August 2). City Seeks Advice on Historic Neighborhood Renovations. Retrieved from http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/local/2012/08/02/city-seeks-advice-on-historic-fixes.html

[4] City of Columbus Department of Public Utilities. OARS Deep Sewer Tunnel [digital image]. Retrieved from https://www.columbus.gov/Templates/Detail.aspx?id=38013

[5] Sullivan, Lucas. (2014, December 6). Project to Bore Tunnel under Columbus faces $29.5 Million Cost Overrun. Retrieved from http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/local/2014/12/06/daunting-drilling.html#

[6] City of Columbus, Blueprint Columbus. Clintonville Area Project. Retrieved from https://www.columbus.gov/Templates/Detail.aspx?id=84526

[7] Squires, Nick. (2008, November 26). Vatican Installs Huge Solar Panel Energy System. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/energy/renewableenergy/3527161/Vatican-installs-huge-solar-panel-energy-system.html

[8] Kooles, Kimberly. (2009). Adapting Historic District Guidelines for Solar and Other Green Technologies. Retrieved from http://www.preservationnation.org/information-center/sustainable-communities/buildings/solar-panels/additional-resources/NTHP-Forum-Article-2009-Solar-and-HD.pdf

Parking[1] Sylianteng, N. (Photographer). (2015 February 15). Unknown [Digital Image]. Retrieved from http://toparkornottopark.com/post/112059966351/columbus-oh-tpntp-signs-were-installed-in-the

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Exterior Maintenance[1] Eylar, W. (2011, June). FAQ On Restoration/Preservation Projects. Retrieved March 10, 2016, from http://germanvillage.com/preservation/faq-on-restorationpreservation-projects/

[2] Silva, T. (2010, January). Unsticking Stucco. Retrieved April 06, 2016, from http://www.thisoldhouse.com/toh/asktoh/question/0,,1084740,00.html

ADA Compliance[1] 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design. (2011). Retrieved March 25, 2016, from http://www.ada.gov/regs2010/2010ADAStandards/2010ADAstandards.htm

[2] ADA UPDATE:A PRIMER FOR SMALL BUSINESS. (2011, March). Retrieved March 26, 2016, from http://www.ada.gov/regs2010/smallbusiness/smallbusprimer2010.htm

[3] Expanding Your Market: Tax Incentives for Business. (n.d.). Retrieved March 25, 2016, from http://www.ada.gov/taxincent.htm

Codes[1] (1989), German Village Guidelines, German Village Commission & German Village Society, Jeffry T. Darbee, Nancy A. Recchie & Judith B. Williams, Retrieved From: https://issuu.com/germanvillage/docs/germanvillage-guidelines2?viewMode=magazine

[2] Preservation Ordinance FAQ. (n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2016, from http://www.preservationnation.org/information-center/law-and-policy/legal-resources/preservation-law-101/local-law/ordinances.html?referrer=https://www.google.com/#.VvV-nlUrK70

[3] Meyers, L. (n.d.). Proposed Revisions to Cultural heritage Ordinance. Retrieved April 13, 2016, from http://www.westadamsheritage.org/read/868

[4] U.S.A., Asheville-Buncombe Historic Resources Commission. (2010). Montford Historic District Design Review Guidelines (pp. 1-110). Asheville, NC. Retrieved April 13, 2016, from http://www.ashevillenc.gov/Portals/0/city-documents/CityClerk/Mayor_and_CityCouncil/Boards_and_Commissions/Historic_Resources_Commission/montford guidelines 2010 for web(1).pdf

[5] Historic Preservation. (n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2016, from http://morehead-ky.gov/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Historic-Preservation.pdf