Formation of Philippine Colonial Society (1876-1896)

British Occupation of Manila, 1762-1764

• For a short period of time, the Philippines was put under the control of Britain through the British East India Co.

Contributory Factor in the Political, Economic, and Intellectual Awakening of the Filipinos

Oppressive Colonial Policies and the Native’s

responses

External Political Forces

19th Century

Economic Developm

ent

19th Century Political

Development

Oppressive Colonial Policies and the Native’s responses

Common

grievance

-Friars committed abuses and exploitation-Native’s resistance to excessive impositions of forced labor and taxes, confiscation of properties, the policy of reductionEarly

uprisings

-Filipinos had staged more

than 100 revolts prior to

the 1896 Revolution

-It showed the Filipinno’s

dissatisfaction to the Spanish

rule

External Political Forces

Progressive European ideologies

Ideas of the Enlightenment or Age of Reason (17th

and 18th Century)

French Revolution

fostered the ideas of liberty,

equality, and

fraternity that led to the growth

of liberalism

The Cadiz Constitution

of 1812, which

extended rights not only to the Spaniards but to all

subjects of Spain

19th Century Economic Development

Opening of the Philippines to international commerce

Change from mercantilism to laissez-faire

Galleon Trade ended in 1813

Expansion of Philippine trade and opening Philippine ports

Rapid development and regionalization of cash crops

Rise of the Middle Class

• Prosperity was obtained by at least a few Filipinos and mestizos

Improvement in transportation and communication facilities brought about by the demands of expanded commercial activity

Construction of roads and

bridges

Improvement of mail service

Helped the natives to become

aware of their native plight

Opening of Suez Canal

• Shortened route between Philippines and Europe

The establishment of British and American business firms in the Philippines

• By 1880s, England and USA become the principal trading partners of the partners

• English banks were established• American firms were mostly engaged in

the export-import business

19th Century Political Developments

Secularization and Filipinization

• Quarrel between the seculars and the regulars over the administration of parishes

• Increased the number of native priests

Diocesan priests

Augustinian priests

Liberal Administration of Gov. Gen. Carlos Maria de la Torre

• Passed a number of decrees granting certain individual right to the natives

• Filipinos experienced how to live under a liberal regime

Cavite Mutiny and the Martyrdom of Gomburza

• During the regime of Gov. Gen. Rafael de Izquierdo, he promptly suspended or revised his predecessor’s liberal decrees and classified personas sospechas those persons who had supported de la Torre’s policies

• Burgos, Gomes, and Zamora were suspected as behind the Cavite Mutiny (1872) and were publicly garroted.

Thank you!!