Ways of the World: Ways of the World: People and Events That People and Events That

Changed the GlobeChanged the Globe

By: Erik RuizBy: Erik Ruiz

Ch. 17 The French Revolution Ch. 17 The French Revolution (1789-1815)(1789-1815)

The French Revolution was The French Revolution was more violent and cataclysmic more violent and cataclysmic for the country than the for the country than the American Revolution proved to American Revolution proved to be. be.

In 1793 King Louis XVI and the In 1793 King Louis XVI and the queen, were executed through queen, were executed through beheading. This act of regicide beheading. This act of regicide shocked traditionalist shocked traditionalist throughout Europe. throughout Europe.

Napoleon taking control in Napoleon taking control in 1815 ended the long 1815 ended the long revolution, but its ideas began revolution, but its ideas began to spread around the world. to spread around the world.

The storming of the Bastille (1789)

Ch. 17: Haitian Revolution Ch. 17: Haitian Revolution (1791-1804)(1791-1804)

Haiti was regarded as one of the Haiti was regarded as one of the richest colonies of the time and richest colonies of the time and consisted of over 500,000 slaves, consisted of over 500,000 slaves, with only 40,000 whites and even with only 40,000 whites and even less mixed race.less mixed race.

The Revolution was led by The Revolution was led by Toussaint Louverture. The slaves Toussaint Louverture. The slaves fought the odds, and even the fought the odds, and even the mighty Napoleon, and in 1804 mighty Napoleon, and in 1804 the first ever successful slave the first ever successful slave revolt became an independent revolt became an independent nation. nation.

This revolt inspired other nearby This revolt inspired other nearby slave revolts like in Jamaica, slave revolts like in Jamaica, unfortunately these were crushed unfortunately these were crushed by other European powers. by other European powers.

Ch. 17: Spanish-American Ch. 17: Spanish-American Revolutions Revolutions

Simon Bolivar to the Simon Bolivar to the right (Revolutionary right (Revolutionary hero in Venezuela)hero in Venezuela)

These Latin American These Latin American Revolutions were Revolutions were influenced in parts by influenced in parts by the American, French the American, French and Haitian revolutions.and Haitian revolutions.

Many of these Many of these revolutions led to revolutions led to independence, but independence, but there was very little there was very little change to societal change to societal issues. issues.

Ch. 18: The Industrial Ch. 18: The Industrial RevolutionRevolution

The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution started in Western Europe started in Western Europe and influenced many and influenced many changes all over the world changes all over the world through the 19through the 19thth and early and early 2020thth centuries. centuries.

Historians believe Western Historians believe Western Europe, which really had no Europe, which really had no advantages over China or advantages over China or the Middle East in terms of the Middle East in terms of technology and production, technology and production, hit the revolution first due to hit the revolution first due to perhaps the focus on perhaps the focus on innovation over so many innovation over so many neighboring European neighboring European powers. powers.

Ch. 18: Why Great Britain? Ch. 18: Why Great Britain? Historians believe Great Historians believe Great

Britain hit the Revolution Britain hit the Revolution first because of its many first because of its many densely packed coal densely packed coal mines and iron ore fields, mines and iron ore fields, and dense populations. and dense populations. Great Britain, basically Great Britain, basically an island fortress, was an island fortress, was not ravaged by the many not ravaged by the many European Wars of the European Wars of the 1818thth and 19 and 19thth centuries centuries and therefore had more and therefore had more resources at hand and resources at hand and focus. focus.

Ch: 18: The US revolution with Ch: 18: The US revolution with no Socialismno Socialism

The US’s Industrial Revolution was The US’s Industrial Revolution was different to its European counter parts. different to its European counter parts. Where Europe came about with huge Where Europe came about with huge social divisions, the United States’s and its social divisions, the United States’s and its problem with racism, did not allow for a problem with racism, did not allow for a grouping of these same social classes grouping of these same social classes against the higher classes and fighting. against the higher classes and fighting.

Ch. 19: ChinaCh. 19: China

China’s crisis began China’s crisis began with its earlier success with its earlier success and a massive and a massive population growth. population growth. Due to this and the Due to this and the lack of an Industrial lack of an Industrial Revolution, agriculture Revolution, agriculture alone could not alone could not support the exploding support the exploding population. population.

Ch. 19: “The Sick Man of Ch. 19: “The Sick Man of Europe”Europe”

By 1914 the Ottoman By 1914 the Ottoman Empire was less than Empire was less than half of what it was for half of what it was for hundreds of years hundreds of years before. This was due before. This was due to embarrassing to embarrassing losses to the British, losses to the British, French, and other French, and other European powers.European powers.

Ch. 19: The Rise of JapanCh. 19: The Rise of Japan

In 1853, American Navy In 1853, American Navy ships entered Tokyo Bay ships entered Tokyo Bay and forcefully demanded and forcefully demanded that Japan open it self to that Japan open it self to the world. This would the world. This would trigger events that would trigger events that would industrialize Japan and by industrialize Japan and by the early 20the early 20thth century, century, make it an East Asian make it an East Asian imperialist world power. imperialist world power.

Ch. 20: European Conquests in Ch. 20: European Conquests in AsiaAsia

As the 20As the 20thth century began, century began, most of Asia was colonized most of Asia was colonized or controlled economically or controlled economically by major world powers. by major world powers. The British held India, The British held India, Burma, and Bhutan, as Burma, and Bhutan, as well as heavy influence in well as heavy influence in China. France held China. France held Indochina, the Dutch had Indochina, the Dutch had the East Indies and Japan the East Indies and Japan was slowly expanding its was slowly expanding its sphere of imperialism and sphere of imperialism and control. control.

Ch. 20: Colonial AfricaCh. 20: Colonial Africa By the 1914 the French By the 1914 the French

held a vast majority of held a vast majority of North Western Africa North Western Africa and the island of and the island of Madagascar. The British Madagascar. The British had most of the had most of the Southern tip and the Southern tip and the East, the Belgian held East, the Belgian held the large Congo region. the large Congo region. Ethiopia was the only Ethiopia was the only large independent large independent region that defeated region that defeated the Italians in 1896. the Italians in 1896.

Ch. 20: CooperationCh. 20: Cooperation

Violent insurrections were common in Violent insurrections were common in colonial life, but there were many groups colonial life, but there were many groups and individuals that cooperated with and individuals that cooperated with colonial authorities to their own advantage. colonial authorities to their own advantage.

Many people found security, status, and Many people found security, status, and employment in European led armed forces. employment in European led armed forces. This was the case for many Indians and This was the case for many Indians and Muslims of the high class to keep their Muslims of the high class to keep their status and have some control at the local status and have some control at the local level. level.

Ch. 21: War is ComingCh. 21: War is Coming

In 1914 World War I was In 1914 World War I was initiated with the initiated with the assassination of Archduke assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria by a Ferdinand of Austria by a Serb nationalist. Russia Serb nationalist. Russia came to Serbia’s aid, and came to Serbia’s aid, and with this joined Britain and with this joined Britain and France who declared war France who declared war on Austria-Hungary and on Austria-Hungary and their German and Italian their German and Italian allies. allies.

Ch. 21: The War to End All Ch. 21: The War to End All WarsWars

World War I brought about World War I brought about the horrors of trench warfare. the horrors of trench warfare. Waves of men would charge Waves of men would charge the lines only to be mowed the lines only to be mowed down by the newly invented down by the newly invented weapon, the machine gun. weapon, the machine gun.

Both sides were incredible Both sides were incredible defended miles of trenches defended miles of trenches occupied by divisions of men occupied by divisions of men and artillery acting as a and artillery acting as a virtual shield. It was common virtual shield. It was common to only gain a few hundred to only gain a few hundred feet and only to loose to the feet and only to loose to the enemy the day later. enemy the day later.

Ch. 21: The Outcome of WW Ch. 21: The Outcome of WW II

World War 1 ravaged Europe and its World War 1 ravaged Europe and its losers, were punished. losers, were punished.

Austria-Hungary was divided, Austria-Hungary was divided, Germany, once a feared power, was Germany, once a feared power, was left in debt and weak. The Ottoman left in debt and weak. The Ottoman Empire lost a vast majority of its Empire lost a vast majority of its land in the Middle East and was a land in the Middle East and was a just another nail in the coffin for the just another nail in the coffin for the aging empire of old. aging empire of old.

On the winning side, parts of France On the winning side, parts of France were left ruined. Russia left the war were left ruined. Russia left the war early and went through revolution early and went through revolution ending with a Communist take over ending with a Communist take over

and an end to the Czardom.and an end to the Czardom. All of these issues led to a lot of All of these issues led to a lot of

national frustration and hatred and national frustration and hatred and would lead to political reforms and would lead to political reforms and take over that would lead to the take over that would lead to the even bigger conflict, World War 2. even bigger conflict, World War 2.

Ch. 22: The Bolsheviks Take Ch. 22: The Bolsheviks Take PowerPower

The communists led by The communists led by Lenin took power in 1917 Lenin took power in 1917 following a revolutionary following a revolutionary upheaval that took place in upheaval that took place in just one year, 1917. World just one year, 1917. World War 1 had been going War 1 had been going poorly for Russia, who had poorly for Russia, who had yet to heavily industrialize, yet to heavily industrialize, their resources were their resources were running incredibly slim and running incredibly slim and millions were in severe millions were in severe poverty and/or starving.poverty and/or starving.

Shortly after the end of a Shortly after the end of a civil war against nationalists civil war against nationalists and other groups, the and other groups, the Bolsheviks renamed their Bolsheviks renamed their nation, the Soviet Union nation, the Soviet Union (USSR). (USSR).

Ch. 22: ChinaCh. 22: China

By the late 1930s, By the late 1930s, China’s biggest threat China’s biggest threat was the Japanese was the Japanese invading force. By invading force. By 1938 they held most 1938 they held most of the Northeast. of the Northeast.

By 1949, Mao Zedong By 1949, Mao Zedong and the CCP emerged and the CCP emerged victorious over the victorious over the Nationalists. Nationalists.

Ch. 22: The Cold WarCh. 22: The Cold War Involve many satellite wars Involve many satellite wars

of which the US and Soviet of which the US and Soviet Union fought each other Union fought each other indirectly. Was also a indirectly. Was also a massive arms race.massive arms race.

The Vietnam War, Korean The Vietnam War, Korean War, Cuban Missile Crisis, War, Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Soviet invasion of and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, were just many Afghanistan, were just many conflicts in which the US conflicts in which the US and Soviet Union fought and Soviet Union fought each other indirectly. each other indirectly.

Ch. 23: Indian Ch. 23: Indian Independence Independence

Gandhi and the INC rose to Gandhi and the INC rose to popularity country wide popularity country wide with his reference to Hindu with his reference to Hindu religious themes and religious themes and supported Muslims.supported Muslims.

After the British left right After the British left right after World War 2, India after World War 2, India was split into Hindu India, was split into Hindu India, and to the west, Muslim and to the west, Muslim Pakistan. Pakistan.

Ch. 23: South AfricaCh. 23: South Africa

Nelson Mandela was Nelson Mandela was released from prison released from prison in 1990. in 1990.

The apartheid came to The apartheid came to an end without the an end without the feared racial feared racial bloodbath people bloodbath people expected.expected.

Ch. 23: IranCh. 23: Iran After the crumbling of the After the crumbling of the

Ottoman Empire, Iran Ottoman Empire, Iran arose as a Republic led by arose as a Republic led by a General.a General.

In 1979, the Shah was In 1979, the Shah was ousted and the Ayatollah ousted and the Ayatollah Khomeini came, took over, Khomeini came, took over, and appointed his own and appointed his own

government. government.

Ch. 24: Population Growth Ch. 24: Population Growth

Since 1950, the worlds population Since 1950, the worlds population has nearly multiplied by 3. From 2.5 has nearly multiplied by 3. From 2.5 billion, to about 6.5 billion. billion, to about 6.5 billion.

More than half of this comes from More than half of this comes from Asia alone. All other continents add Asia alone. All other continents add up to less than half. up to less than half.