Hist 19 The History of Mexico - Mario G. Valadez ... · 1848 Liberal Party overthrow ... •Where...
Transcript of Hist 19 The History of Mexico - Mario G. Valadez ... · 1848 Liberal Party overthrow ... •Where...
Age of Caudillos Latin America 1820s-1850s
• Caudillos= Dictators
• Politically: left or right
• Creoles, mestizos
• “Personalism”
• Hacienda patrons
• Replaced the viceroy
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First governments of Latin America:
• Few resources and many obstacles
• Post-colonial hierarchies
• Economic stagnation
Caudillo Leadership • Constitutions constantly re-written
• Federalism broke up large countries – Greater Colombia = Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador
– Central American Republic
–Liberal-Conservative divide shaped Latin America
• Liberal Party/Conservative Party conflict
• Centerpiece of electoral debates in new republics
• Fragile republics
Chile
1820s political chaos
1830s political stability lead to economic prosperity (copper), unlike neighbors
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Paraguay
• Dr. Jose Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia , dictator 1814-1840
– Nationalist
– Isolated the nation
– Eliminated old creole/spanish elite & confiscated Church wealth
• Redistribute land to small farmers
– Policy of intermarriage among the mestizos & Guarani
• Carlos Antonio Lopez
– Nationalist
– Opens trade with the world
• Gran Columbia 1821-1830
• Quito, conservative v.s. Guayaquil, liberals
• Juan Jose Flores 1839-1845 in power
– Supports the Church & elite
– Abolish constitution
– 1847-1861, 11 changes in govt.
Ecuador Columbia
• Francisco de Paula Santander, liberal, 1832-1837
• Fighting between conservative & liberals
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Venezuela
Jose Antonio Paez
Economy: coffee
price falls in 1840s
1848 Liberal Party overthrow Paez
1840-1860s civil war
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Central America
1821 union with Mexico
United Provinces of CA 1823-1837
Conservatives vs liberals
Church-state relations
Franciso Morazan, Honduran liberal
land reform
Church property
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Latin American republics remained oriented toward England, France, United States
–For Liberals, these epitomized progress and civilization
– Strong desire for trade with these countries
• Peru’s guano boom
U.S.
Economy
MA/MO/LA
California
Hide-Tallow Trade
Texas
Austin Colony
New Mexico
Santa Fe Trade
Mexican Economy
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Issues between Americans and Mexican government
• 1824 Coahuila y Texas joined
• 1829 Anti-Slavery legislation
• 1830 Immigration Ban
• Change to a centralist government, which did away with the 1824 Constitution
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The Treaty of Velasco • Highly controversial treaty due to:
– Establishes the Republic of Texas
– Boundary line at the Rio Grande
– Mexico’s refusal to ratify the agreement
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Pastry War 1838
• 1828 French bakery destroyed by Mexican troops
• 600,000 pesos demand from Mexican government.
• Santa Anna hero
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Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón
General Santa Anna's Wooden Leg (Illinois State Military Museum)
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Remember The Alamo
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVLNQDdF248
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Causes of Mexican-American War
• Annexation of Texas
• Texas border dispute
• U.S. Expansionist policy (Manifest Destiny)
• Thornton Affair (immediate cause)
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Bear Flag Revolt June 14, 1846
• John Fremont
• John Sutter
• Guadalupe Vallejo
• http://www.pbs.org/latino-americans/en/watch-videos/#2365075996
• 27 min
1848 Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
• Peace treaty signed February 2, 1848 at the Cathedral of Guadalupe Hidalgo
– Ended the Mexican-American War.
– Mexico ceded 55% of its territory for $15 million.
• Mexicans under the legal jurisdiction of the U.S.
– Article VIII granted U.S. citizenship to Mexicans and stipulated
that property of every kind shall be respected.
– Article IX guaranteed Mexicans the free enjoyment of property,
Liberty, and freedom of religion.
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• Opening Japan
– Through the Mexican War, the United States gained
possession of San Diego and San Francisco
harbors, excellent ports to facilitate trade with the
Far East.
– The U.S. navy’s commodore Matthew Perry sailed warships into Tokyo Harbor
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Article for discussion
• Who wrote the article? When?
• Is this a primary source? Where does the primary source begin?
• Where was the document obtained from?
• What is the unfavorable comparison?
• How does the author characterizes the period after independence?
• What is the bias of the author? Is he a liberal or a conservative?