Hillside School, Blaenavon

Melin Homes

Hillside School, Blaenavon

Ecology Survey

September 2013

Hillside School, Blaenavon Ecology Survey September 2013

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Contents

1. Introduction ............................................................................................. 1

2. Survey methods ...................................................................................... 1

3. Survey findings ....................................................................................... 2

4. Assessment ............................................................................................. 8

5. Potential ecological constraints .......................................................... 11

6. Recommendations for ecological enhancement ............................... 13

7. Recommendations for further survey ................................................. 15

8. Bibliography .......................................................................................... 16

Appendix 1. Species list .............................................................................. 17

Appendix 2. Photographs. .......................................................................... 22

Appendix 3. SINC data provided by Torfaen Council. .............................. 31

Appendix 4. Summary of data provided by SEWBReC. ........................... 34

Document reference: C145/D1/V2

Cover photographs: Left: former school building (TN16), looking west from Upper Hill Street; Right: grassland and sports pitch in central area (TN8), looking south-west.

This document has been produced for Melin Homes by:

Sturgess Ecology 12 Lon Ysgubor, Rhiwbina, Cardiff, CF14 6SG e-mail: [email protected] Web: www.sturgess-ecology.co.uk


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1. Introduction

Melin Homes have commissioned Sturgess Ecology to undertake an ecological survey of Hillside School, Blaenavon (Grid Reference SO255090), to support a planning application for future development.

The eastern part of the site currently supports a former primary school and nursery buildings, and their surrounding playgrounds and gardens. The western part comprises an asphalt-surfaced playground area which is bordered by a mosaic of dense scrub, rough grassland and tall herb vegetation. The site is bordered by urban habitats to the east, south and west, and to the north by a mix of grassland and tall herb habitats.

The objectives for the survey were:

To undertake an ecological inspection of the site, and to produce a habitat map and

habitat descriptions based on standard phase 1 habitat survey methods.

To produce a preliminary plant species list for the site.

To assess the site’s potential to support protected species or other ecological

constraints.

To collate any existing ecological data for the site known to the Torfaen county

ecologist or held by the South-East Wales Biological Records Centre (SEWBReC).

To identify any features of significant value for nature conservation, with reference to

the Local Biodiversity Action Plan (LBAP) and Local Wildlife Sites Guidance.

To make broad recommendations for avoiding, minimising or mitigating any potential

ecological impacts that might result from development, particularly with regard to

protected species or locally significant species or habitats.

2. Survey methods

Desk-based study

The South-East Wales Biological Records Centre (SEWBReC) was consulted to request any existing protected species data held for the site and a 500m buffer around it.

The county ecologists for Torfaen County Borough Council, Steve Williams and Kris Roberts, were contacted to request any ecological data relating to the site or its surroundings that they might be aware of. They were also asked for their opinion on what ecological surveys might be required to support a planning application.

The findings of a bat survey of the site carried out during 2011 were reviewed (Hawkeswood Ecology, 2011).

Habitat survey

The field-survey was undertaken on 10 June 2013. The weather was warm and sunny for the whole survey. The study area was limited to the area shown in Figure 1, with limited observations from immediately adjoining habitats.

The survey was undertaken using a simple walk-through method, walking the site to examine and map all of the habitat types. Habitats were mapped by eye onto an aerial photograph and map base. The habitat mapping was based on standard JNCC mapping


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conventions (JNCC, 1990). Plant and animal species were recorded as they were seen, noting the habitats they were recorded in (Appendix 1). The surveyor made an assessment of the potential for each habitat to support protected species. A series of photographs were taken to provide a visual record of the site at the time of the surveys (Appendix 2). Further observations were added during August and September 2013.

There were no restrictions on access within the majority of the site. The main limitation related to areas of very dense scrub and hedges, where recording was mostly limited to observations from the margins. No internal inspections were made of the former school buildings. Part of the western boundary has been enclosed as an extension to a rear garden (TN3). This was not accessed, but it was possible to see enough over the fence to evaluate this habitat.

The fieldwork and assessment were undertaken by Dr Peter Sturgess CEnv MCIEEM, an experienced ecologist familiar with the types of habitats and species that would be expected to occur on this site.

3. Survey findings

Desk-based study

The SEWBReC data search confirmed that there are no nationally protected sites within the site or its immediate surroundings. However, the closest part of the Blorenge Site of Scientific Interest (SSSI) is approximately 300m to the north-west. The SSSI occupies 997 hectares of rich upland habitats, which mostly lie within the Brecon Beacons National Park. Special features include dry heath, wet heath, blanket bog and broadleaved woodland. Associated with these habitats is a wide variety of plants and animals, including locally important populations of breeding birds such as Red Grouse, bryophytes, ferns, such as Limestone Fern, and fungi. In this case there is no direct connection between the Hillside School site and the Blorenge SSSI, because it is physically separated from it by urban habitats. The proposed development is therefore unlikely to have any effect on the SSSI.

The Torfaen county ecologists confirmed that there were several Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINCs) within 1km of the site. One of them, Coedcae School meadow/ Elgam Ravine, includes the western part of the proposed development area. This SINC is designated for its grassland habitat. SINC summary information provided is presented in Appendix 3. With the exception of Elgam Ravine, most of the other SINCs are unlikely to be affected by proposed development within the current study area. However, the World Heritage Centre Lesser Horseshoe Bat roost lies within 1km, and bats using that SINC might feasibly also use the school site.

The SEWBReC data search for protected and priority species provided several records from within the study area itself, including Bluebell, observed in 2007, and several species of bats recorded on the school premises during September 2011 (Hawkeswood Ecology, 2011). The bats recorded in flight at the school include Common Pipistrelle, Soprano Pipistrelle, Whiskered Bat and Brown Long-eared Bat. Other bat species recorded within 500m of the site include Lesser Noctule and Lesser Horseshoe bat. Two records of Greater Horseshoe bat were also provided, but these were from more than 2km away from the actual site boundary.

The 2011 bat survey found many potential access points for bats in the school building, but negligible potential for bats in the nursery building. There was very little bat activity observed during subsequent emergence and re-entry survey visits, but a small number of Common Pipistrelle bats were confirmed roosting in part of the west side of the school roof. The survey concluded that the roost was of low nature conservation significance.


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Several bird records have been included in the SEWBReC data search, but these are generally provided as 1km records or tetrad (2x2km) records, so it is difficult to be certain of where they actually relate to. The bird sightings provided as 1km records include Skylark, Nightjar, Linnet, House Sparrow, Hedge Accentor (Dunnock), Starling, Redwing, Song Thrush and Fieldfare. A record of Peregrine chicks was provided as a tetrad (2x2km) record and is almost certainly from beyond the 500m search buffer.

A summary of the species records from SEWBReC is included in Appendix 4, and any relevant records are discussed in the assessment section of this report.

Habitat survey

The habitat plan is presented as Figure 1. Specific habitats within the site are described by Target Notes TN1 to TN18, in Table 1. Each note includes a brief description of the habitat and the main plant species present. The habitat plan is based on a base map and aerial photograph. However, it should only be considered approximate because the habitat features have been plotted by eye, and in many cases, the habitats merge gradually into one another rather than having clearly defined boundaries. Some minor features such as fences at the site boundary have been omitted to avoid unnecessary cluttering. The habitat map has been shown on an aerial photograph background to help set the site in the context of the surrounding area.

Table 1. Habitat Survey Target Notes.

Target Note Description

1 Tall ruderal herbs and species-poor grassland. A mosaic of apparently unmanaged tall grasses and herbs, with large patches dominated by Rose-bay Willowherb and Nettle. The main species in the grass-dominated areas are Cock’s-foot, Meadow Foxtail, Rough Meadow-grass and Couch. Scattered Bramble is present in a few places, especially near to the adjacent gardens and grading into the areas of denser scrub to the south. The vegetation is generally low in botanical diversity but is very patchy and includes a few small areas with a more diverse range of species that include Bluebell, Pignut, Red Fescue, Lesser Stitchwort and Meadow Vetchling. A few plants of Japanese Rose are present beside the garden fences at the western boundary, with Cherry trees, Wilson’s Honeysuckle and Bramble.

2 Dense scrub. A stand of Goat Willow and Bramble scrub, with occasional Hawthorn. The scrub appears to have been subject to recent management to clear the understorey and leave the larger Willows (the cleared vegetation appears to have been chipped and left on site). The ground flora is dominated by Bramble, Nettle, Greater Willowherb, Rose-bay Willowherb Large Bindweed and Creeping Buttercup. This scrub forms part of a mosaic, grading into the adjacent tall herb and species-poor grassland vegetation.

3 Garden. A fence has been installed within the site boundary, to extend the garden of an adjoining property. The remains of the old fence and other garden refuse has been tipped nearby. The garden extension supports mown grass with no value for nature conservation.

4 Dense scrub and tall herb mosaic. A south-west facing bank dominated by Hawthorn scrub, with Bramble, Rowan, Goat Willow, Ash, Holly and Hollyberry Cotoneaster. The canopy is patchy and broken up by more open areas of bramble and tall herbs, mainly Nettle, Rose-bay Willowherb and Greater Willowherb, also with Couch, False Oat-grass, Large Bindweed,


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Creeping Buttercup, Colt’s-foot, Tufted Hair-grass, Broad-leaved Dock and Hedge Woundwort. There is a considerable volume of tipped garden and domestic refuse at the rear of several of the adjacent houses. Butterfly Bush, Dog Rose and Cotoneaster species occur patchily around the edge of the sports pitch.

5 Sports ground. An area of asphalt hard-standing marked out for sports, but generally in poor condition with much broken glass scattered across the surface. The central part is a fenced area with a sand-dressed Astroturf pitch. This also appears unused, with signs of vandalism and broken glass.

6 Semi-improved neutral grassland. A south-west facing bank with a moderately diverse grassland flora that notably includes a large quantity of Bitter-vetch and several plants of Great Burnet. The most frequent species in this area include Sweet Vernal-grass, Yorkshire Fog, Cock’s-foot, Red Fescue, False Oat-grass, Meadow Vetchling, Creeping Soft-grass and local Common Knapweed. The damp ground at the foot of the slope includes Soft Rush, Hard Rush, Germander Speedwell, Glaucous Sedge and Common Yellow-sedge and many young Willow plants. The grassland merges into the adjoining scrub (TN7) to the north.

7 Dense scrub and grassland mosaic. An area dominated by Goat Willow, Wild Plum and Bramble, mixed with a patchy grass-dominated ground flora. The western part of the area appears to have been managed recently, to cut back the understorey, leaving the larger Willows as the main canopy (as in TN2). Other tree species include Rowan, Ash, Swedish Whitebeam, Downy Birch and Hawthorn. The oldest and most significant tree is a very large Ash standard beside the gate at the north-east corner of the plot. Many of the trees to the south of the adjacent property have been felled very recently, but not removed. The ground flora in this area includes a mix of grassland species, Bramble and tall herbs, with the main species including Yorkshire Fog, Rough Meadow-grass, Meadow Foxtail, Red Fescue, False Oat-grass, Creeping Thistle, Nettle, Imperforate St.John’s-wort, Creeping Buttercup, Common Cat’s-ear and Broad-leaved Dock. A few plants of Bitter-vetch, Pignut, Red Clover and Bush Vetch are present below a relatively open part of the scrub canopy near TN6, and there is also a patch of Pale Lady’s-mantle.

8 Semi-improved neutral grassland. A north-west-facing bank dominated by tall grasses, but with a moderate diversity of herb species. The main grass species are Red Fescue, Cock’s-foot, Yorkshire Fog, Rough Meadow-grass, False Oat-grass, Meadow Foxtail, Crested Dog’s-tail and Sweet Vernal-grass. The herbs include Red Clover, Bush Vetch, Rose-bay Willowherb, nettle, Creeping Buttercup, Meadow Buttercup, Sorrel, Bird’s-foot Trefoil and Pignut. Glaucous Sedge and Rough Hawkbit are locally prominent near the edge of the sports pitch.

9 Conifer hedge. A species-poor boundary hedge dominated by Leyland Cypress, with occasional Elder and Bramble. The ground flora is sparse and includes Nettle, Cleavers and Herb Robert. A few plants of Garden Daffodil and a single Lily are present near the hedge base.

10 Amenity grassland/ semi-improved neutral grassland. The grassland area around the nursery building appears to have remained infrequently mown for a year or so. The sward is very patchy in its species composition, but the main species include Red Fescue, Yorkshire Fog, Rough Meadow-grass,


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Sweet Vernal-grass, Ribwort Plantain, Dandelion, Creeping Buttercup and Sorrel. Species occurring at low density include Yarrow, Common Mouse-ear, Cuckoo-flower, Pignut, Ragwort, Bulbous Buttercup, Daisy, Common Knapweed and Bird’s-foot Trefoil. A few areas appear to have been disturbed, where wooden decking has been removed or cultivated garden areas have been abandoned, and these support ruderal species including Broad-leaved Willowherb, Nettle, Rose-bay Willowherb, Ragwort, Ivy-leaved Speedwell and Ground Elder.

11 Building. The former nursery building appears to be constructed of prefabricated concrete panels, with a low-pitched, felted roof. The windows have been boarded over. The building appears to have very limited potential to support wildlife, but it does have a small number of gaps that could potentially be accessible to bats, the largest being in the south-facing wall, where a vent has been removed and the wall-cavity exposed.

The remains of several beds and planters are also present around the building and some still support flowers, including Pansy, Feverfew, Heather, Polyanthus and a species of Bellflower.

12 Building. A narrow shed with concrete walls and a sloping roof of corrugated metal sheets. The doors and windows have been boarded over. (This building appears very unlikely to have any value for biodiversity, but an opinion from a bat surveyor would help to clarify this.)

13 Trees and landscape planting. The former nursery garden supports a range of mature standard trees and low-growing ornamental shrubs. They include Japanese Cherry, Rowan, Snowy Mespil, Lilac, Bird Cherry, Box, various Cypress species, Mock Orange, Hydrangea, Forsythia, Skimmia, Willow, Bamboo, Norway Spruce, Sycamore, Cherry Laurel, Peony, Silver Birch and Ash. A clump of Pampas-grass is also present.

The most significant of the trees is a very large Cherry tree in the centre of the grounds to the south of the building (indicated by the target note label in Figure 1). This tree supports a moderate diversity of epiphytic mosses, liverworts and lichens. Other plant species growing on it include Common Polypody, Rowan, Holly, Bramble and a Currant species.

14 Boundary hedge. A fenced strip of ground beside Upper Hill Street includes several mature shrubs in its southern part, while the northern part supports a more grassy flora that has been planted with young shrubs. The older plants include Portugal Laurel, Cherry Laurel, Holly, Cypress, Willow, Barberry and Hedge Veronica. The more recently planted species include Hawthorn, Dogwood, Hazel, Ash and Photinia.

15 Amenity grassland/ semi-improved neutral grassland. The grassland in front of the main school building has only been mown infrequently for a year or so. The sward is dominated by Red Fescue and has a high proportion of Springy Turf-moss. Other species include Yorkshire Fog, Rough Meadow-grass, Sweet Vernal-grass, Ragwort, Ribwort Plantain and Dandelion. The margins of the plot support various ornamental plants, including Cypress, Swedish Cotoneaster, Barberry, Forsythia, Shrubby Cinquefoil, Broad-leaved Oleaster, Willow, Butterfly Bush, Elder, Rose and Ceanothus. There is a single Hazel tree in the north-east of the area. Montbretia is present beside the wall of the building. Tall hedges of Garden Privet form the north-east and south-west boundaries to this garden area.


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16 Building. The main school building is mainly constructed of brick, with a complex roof of pitched, tiled parts and small sections of flat-roof. The western part has a tall covered area with open sides. Several nest boxes have been installed beneath this canopy, and several House Sparrow nests near the ridge of the structure were in use at the time of the survey. A nest box at the north-east side of the building appeared to be being used by Great Tits. The doors and windows of the building have been boarded over, but there appear to be gaps in various parts of the roof structure that could feasibly be accessible to bats or nesting birds. Several of the walls of the building support a sparse flora of Maidenhair Spleenwort and Wall Rue growing from weathered mortar.

17 Building. A building of similar style to TN16 and linked to it by a brick archway. A narrow gap between the building and the south-western boundary wall supports scattered scrub dominated by Bramble and Elder, with Sycamore and Ivy and a ground flora of Nettles, Rose-bay Willowherb and Cleavers.

18 Hard standing. The former playground is mostly unvegetated, but the various narrow crevices at wall-bases support sparse ruderal plants. The most frequent of these include Broad-leaved Willowherb, American Willowherb, Annual Meadow-grass, Wall Lettuce, Dandelion, Thale Cress, Wavy Bitter-cress, Ragwort, Procumbent Pearlwort, Red Fescue and Hoary Willowherb. A few parts of the playground surface are locally developing a cover of sparse mosses, including Bryum capillare, Bryum argenteum and Ceratodon purpureus.

Several planters are present near the western fence. They still support garden plants, although they are gradually being taken over by ruderal species. The plants in the planters include Creeping Buttercup, Thyme, Lavender, Fennel, Balm, Sorrel, Broad-leaved Dock, Fox and Cubs, Greater Plantain and False Oat-grass.


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Figure 1. Habitat survey map


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4. Assessment

The following section assesses the nature conservation value of the habitats and species observed on the site during the survey. The main references for the evaluation process are the Wildlife Sites Guidance Wales (WSGW) (Wales Biodiversity Partnership, 2008) and the Torfaen Local Biodiversity Action Plan (LBAP).

Protected sites

The only protected site likely to be directly affected by the proposed development would be the Coedcae School Meadow/ Elgam Ravine SINC. This covers the proposed development site to the north-west of the school fence (but not the former school grounds), and also extends to the north and west beyond the current study area. The primary reason for the SINC designation is the grassland habitat, which is classified as species-rich semi-improved neutral grassland, with a species assemblage that includes Red Fescue, Cock’s-foot, Sweet Vernal Grass, Lesser Stitchwort, Pignut, Common Knapweed, Heath Bedstraw and Great Burnet. The county ecologist noted that this SINC is one of a very small number of sites in Torfaen that includes Great Burnet.

The part of the SINC area that lies within the proposed development area includes a high proportion of relatively low-value habitats, such as hard-standing, species-poor scrub and tall herb vegetation, and the proportion of diverse grassland is relatively small. The main grassland area to the north-west includes much better quality grassland habitat with large amounts of Great Burnet, Bluebell and Pignut, although this currently appears to be unmanaged and has become patchily colonised by Bramble and coarse grasses.

If the habitats within the development area were assessed on their own it is doubtful that they would qualify as a grassland SINC, particularly given the current rather poor condition of the grassland due to encroachment of scrub, tall herbs and coarse grasses. However, they may still qualify if considered in the context of the wider area. The proposed development should ensure that grassland habitat of value for nature conservation is included within the new site layout, as mitigation for any loss of diverse grassland habitat from the SINC.

Plants and habitats

A total of 155 species of vascular plants were identified during the survey. The majority of these are common and widespread species that would be expected in improved and semi-improved pasture and in hedges, gardens and scrub in South Wales. None are listed as ‘Primary Species’ (of nature conservation significance in a county context) in the WSGW guidelines. Pale Lady’s Mantle is listed as a ‘Contributory Species’. (The presence of 5 or more Contributory Species is one of the criteria for determining a site of county importance for wildlife, but in this case there is only one.)

A number of grassland species were considered to be of local significance, due to their inclusion in the WSGW list of indicator species for lowland meadows. These include Great Burnet, Bitter-vetch, Pale Lady’s Mantle, Pignut, Common Bird’s-foot Trefoil, Bulbous Buttercup, Red Clover, Cuckooflower, Glaucous Sedge, Common Knapweed, Imperforate St.John’s-wort, Common Cat’s-ear, Meadow Vetchling, Rough Hawkbit, Field Woodrush and Lesser Stitchwort. The majority of these plants were only found at a low density, including areas formerly managed as amenity grassland (TN8, 10 and 15). The Great Burnet, Bitter-vetch and Pale Lady’s Mantle were limited to the grassy bank to the north of the hard-surfaced sports area (TN6 and 7).

The scrub and hedges are likely to provide cover for wildlife such as birds, insects and small mammals. They may also be used by mobile species such as foraging bats or birds. However, they are considered a poor quality habitat for their flora and the areas bordering gardens appear to have been subject to frequent tipping of domestic and garden waste.


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The site supports several mature standard trees, and these are likely to be especially valuable to birds. The largest trees (most notably the Cherry at TN13, and the Ash beside the path at the northern corner of TN7) are particularly worthy of retention in any future development proposals.

The rough grassland and tall herb habitats are common and widespread habitats that probably support a range of common wildlife. However, they are not considered to have any special value for their flora.

The moss, liverwort and lichen species identified during the survey were all very common species with no special significance for nature conservation. The epiphytic species on some of the larger trees are indicative of reasonably good air quality. However, there is no reason to suspect that any rare or otherwise notable species occur on the site.

The amenity grassland areas around the buildings support a moderate diversity of plant species, and have been consistently managed as amenity grassland for several decades. It might therefore support a population of waxcaps and other grassland fungi. However, given the site’s former use as a school, the ground is likely to have been subject to periodic disruption, and the influence of shading by trees would reduce the likelihood of waxcaps occurring. The survey was not carried out at the right time of year to observe grassland fungi, but even if some species are present, it is very unlikely that they would include any with significance for nature conservation.

No Japanese Knotweed was observed during the survey, although it is possible that a small quantity of this species might have escaped detection (for example if it is present amongst recently tipped refuse). The only other non-native invasive plants listed on Schedule 9 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act were Hollyberry Cotoneaster, which is present in scrub to the south of the sports area, Montbretia, which was present in several patches beside the school and nursery buildings, and Japanese Rose which was present beside part of the western boundary fence.

Invertebrates

The habitats within the site are all relatively widespread so the majority of the invertebrate fauna is likely to comprise common species with limited value for nature conservation. On a site of this size there is always a chance that some uncommon invertebrate species may be present, but the probability seems low and could only be clarified by a specialist survey.

Amphibians

No amphibians were seen during the habitat survey. The long grass, scrub and tall herb habitats would potentially provide good foraging habitat for amphibians, but there are no water features within the site, or nearby, that might provide potential breeding habitats. There are also no desk study records of amphibians from the general area. Given the limited availability of breeding habitat and absence of desk study records it seems extremely unlikely that the site would support the specially protected Great Crested Newt.

Reptiles

The SEWBReC data search confirmed no records of reptiles from the 500m around the study area, and none were seen during the habitat survey. However, the county ecologist advised that reptiles are widespread in the types of the habitats that occur around Blaenavon, and that they are likely to be present if there is suitable habitat on site. The habitat survey confirmed that the tall herb habitat, scrub margins and areas of longer grassland in sunny areas appear potentially suitable for Slow Worms and Common Lizards. The areas of tipped refuse behind the houses might also offer potential cover for reptiles. A reptile survey using artificial refugia has been commissioned and is still ongoing at the time of writing. The findings so far have confirmed the presence of Slow Worm, but suggest that the population size is very small.


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Birds

Eleven species of common birds were observed during the habitat survey. Further survey would undoubtedly confirm many more, although probably none that might be considered especially rare in the area. The grassland, scrub, trees and hedges would provide suitable feeding habitat for a good range of common birds. Nesting habitat would include the former school buildings as well as the trees, hedges and scrub habitats. The most notable feature of the site for birds is the presence of a colony of at least 6 House Sparrow nests under the canopy at the western side of the main school building.

Mammals

The school and nursery buildings have been boarded up, but they still have potential to support roosting bats. The SEWBReC data search confirmed that several species of bats are present in the immediate vicinity of the school, including Common Pipistrelle, Soprano Pipistrelle, Whiskered Bat and Brown Long-eared Bat. Other species confirmed within 500m of the site include Lesser Noctule and Lesser Horseshoe bat. It is possible that other species might also occur, at least occasionally. The 2011 bat survey found many potential opportunities for bats to access the rear of facia boards and potentially the wall tops and internal roof spaces of the school building. The nursery building was found to have very limited potential for bats. The 2011 emergence and re-entry survey visits confirmed a small number of Common Pipistrelle bats roosting in part of the west side of the school roof, and considered this to be of low nature conservation significance.

It is possible that the value of the buildings for bats may have changed following the closure of the school, especially because the site has become less disturbed and the vegetation around it has become taller and unmanaged, and because there may be new access points where the fabric of the building has been damaged.

The potential for bats to roost in trees within the site is considered low, as most of the trees are too young and lack suitable cracks or cavities.

The only other evidence of wild mammals found during the habitat survey was of Hedgehog. It is likely that there are other common species of small mammals on the site, such as Fox, Field Vole and Brown Rat, at least visiting occasionally. The survey gave no indications that the site supports Badgers.

Summary

The site supports a mix of common and widespread habitats. Most of these have very limited potential value for nature conservation, but there are some that have local significance or potential to support protected species. These include the following:

Buildings that support roosting bats.

Semi-improved grassland habitat with a moderately diverse flora, most notably including an area of Great Burnet, which is uncommon in the county.

Large mature trees.

Bird nesting habitat in buildings and scrub.

Habitat for reptiles.

The western part of the site lies within the Elgam Ravine SINC, which includes a more extensive area of diverse grassland habitat to the north-west, including locally abundant Bluebells, Great Burnet, Pignut and Bitter Vetch.


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5. Potential ecological constraints

The following paragraphs summarise the likely ecological constraints at this site, based on information gathered to date. For the purposes of this project the potential constraints are limited to restrictions that would result from legislation relating to wildlife.

Protected sites

The Elgam Ravine SINC includes the western part of the site. It is protected through Torfaen’s local planning policies rather than wildlife legislation. It is likely to support reptiles and birds, which are subject to protection and are discussed below.

Every effort should be made to minimise potential disturbance to the SINC during construction. The most valuable area of grassland habitat is outside of the proposed development boundary (to the north-west) and this should be completely protected. If there is likely to be a requirement to disturb this area during construction (e.g. for construction access or linking in with buried services) this should only be undertaken after consulting Torfaen Council’s ecologists to agree a working method and appropriate mitigation.

Some areas of diverse grassland are likely to be lost during construction, and mitigation would be required to ensure that the site can continue to support valuable grassland in the long term, perhaps as managed road verges or grassy banks, or by restoration management of retained grassland in the unaffected part of the SINC. The mitigation measures should be agreed with Torfaen’s county ecologists.

Bats

All species of British bat and their roosts are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, and bats are classified as European Protected Species under the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010. This makes it an offence to kill, injure or disturb a bat and to destroy any place used for rest or shelter by a bat. Development works that affect a bat roost are only permitted under a licence from the Welsh Government, who are advised by Natural Resources Wales (NRW). Licences can only be granted for the purpose of preserving public health or safety, or other imperative reasons of overriding public interest. Development licences can only be issued if NRW are satisfied that there is no satisfactory alternative to the work and the action authorised will not be detrimental to the maintenance of the population of the species at a favourable conservation status in their natural range.

Under the Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act 2006 planning authorities are obligated by law to ensure that they have sufficient information to consider whether protected species are likely to be affected by a proposed development, before they make a decision on planning permission.

In this case bats have been found using one of the buildings on this site, so a licence will be required before any demolition can commence. Further survey work is likely to be required to update the data collected in 2011, and provide sufficient data to support a Welsh Government licence application and an accompanying method statement. This should be prepared by a suitably qualified bat ecologist, and should provide details of the timing of the works, together with any necessary mitigation measures and post completion monitoring. Any mitigation would depend on the numbers and species of bats, and the type of roost. As a minimum it is likely to be necessary to commission ecological supervision for the demolition of any parts of the building that have been identified as supporting bats. Eventually these should be replaced with suitable roosting cavities (e.g. bat-bricks or accessible roof cavities) built into any new buildings on the site.

None of the trees on the site were considered likely to support roosting bats, but the situation may change (for example, if storm damage to trees creates new cavities). It is unlikely to be possible to completely guarantee the absence of single bats from small tree


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crevices such as peeling bark, so even if a licence is not required, it would still be appropriate to carry out a final check of trees, and to brief any staff involved in tree felling to be aware of the possibility of bats. In the event that any bats or signs of bats are observed, the felling work must stop immediately and NRW should be informed. Work should not resume until the situation has been discussed with NRW and any necessary remedial work or mitigation measures have been agreed.

Reptiles

All native British reptiles are protected under parts of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, making it unlawful to kill, injure or trade in the animals. Slow Worms have been confirmed on site, and Common Lizards could also potentially occur, especially at sunny scrub margins and in tall-herbs and rough grassland. A reptile survey has been commissioned and will be reported separately at the end of the survey.

Where reptiles are confirmed on the site, reasonable measures must be taken to minimise the risk of killing them. The extent of the measures should be agreed with the local authority ecologist, preferably in advance of obtaining planning permission. These would depend on where the reptiles are, how many there are, and what options there might be to accommodate them within the future site layout. It might be possible to maintain them in suitable habitat within the site, and use a programme of phased vegetation clearance to direct them towards their long-term habitat. Alternatively the reptiles could be captured and relocated to suitable new habitat by using artificial refugia and making repeat visits to capture any animals using them. The number of visits and the receptor site would need to be agreed with the county ecologist.

If suitable habitat cannot be provided within the site, consideration could be given to relocating Slow Worms into suitable habitat nearby (e.g. Elgam ravine SINC, subject to land-owner approval and agreement of the county ecologist).

Nesting birds

All wild bird nests, while they are being built or used, are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). Damage and disturbance to nests should therefore be avoided. In this case nests are known to be present in the buildings and are also likely to be present in trees, scrub and hedges.

Work during the autumn and winter is unlikely to affect nesting birds, but if work affecting these habitats (e.g. scrub clearance) is planned between February and August inclusive, it would be appropriate to take further advice from an ecologist and carry out a bird survey immediately before the work commences to ensure that any nests are given appropriate protection. The programme should build in time to allow for possible delays that might result from the presence of nesting birds.

Other wild mammals

It is possible that the dense scrub area might support wild mammals, such as Fox, Rabbit, and Hedgehog. While these animals are not rare or subject to any special nature conservation measures, they do receive protection under the Wild Mammals (Protection) Act 1996. The Act makes cruel ill-treatment of wild mammals an offence, so care should be taken to carry out any site clearance work in such a way that allows the animals to escape unharmed and does not cause unnecessary suffering (for example, as would be caused by crushing them or burying them alive). Site clearance work should preferably be carried out during late summer and autumn to minimise risks to wild mammals, and following any reptile relocation work. This would also avoid impacts on nesting birds. Clearing dense vegetation should be done carefully, removing the above-ground parts first, and checking for any evidence of wildlife before proceeding. Staff carrying out the site clearance should be alerted to the possible presence of wild mammals, so that they can look out for them and


13

move them out of danger if any are found. Ideally, an ecologist would be appointed to search dense scrub ahead of the clearance, and to check areas as they are cleared.

Invasive plants

Hollyberry Cotoneaster is present in the scrub at TN4, Montbretia occurs in planting beds beside the school and nursery buildings, and Japanese Rose is present beside the western boundary. All three species are listed in Schedule 9 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended), making it unlawful to plant or otherwise cause their spread in the wild. Cotoneaster species are mainly spread by seed carried by birds, Montbretia is mainly spread by movement of soil containing the corms (swollen underground stem structures), and Japanese Rose can spread by seed or contaminated soil. The risk of spreading these by construction is small, but it would be appropriate to eradicate them before or during the construction phase. The simplest way would be to treat the plants with herbicide in advance or remove them to a licensed tip with other construction debris.

6. Recommendations for ecological enhancement

Plans for the possible development are not finalised at the time of writing, so this section is limited to broad recommendations to assist with the general design process. There are many possibilities for incorporating biodiversity enhancements into the project design, but detail will only be able to follow when clearer ideas for future use of the site have been developed. Several of the suggestions could readily be combined with a landscaping scheme, or applying Sustainable Drainage Systems (SUDS) principles.

The recommendations below are divided into key recommendations and optional recommendations (to assist in any future Code for Sustainable Homes assessment). They do not include provision of bat roosts, because these will be needed as part of the Welsh government bat licensing requirements and specified by a licensed bat-worker.

Key recommendations

If possible, retain the most diverse grassland areas at TN6 and 8 within the proposed design layout, and protect them during construction. If this is not possible, contact the Torfaen county ecologists to discuss possible translocation of key species (e.g. Great Burnet), either to new grassland within the site or to alternative locations (such as the adjacent Elgam Ravine SINC).

Retain the large mature Ash tree beside the path at TN7 and the large mature Cherry tree at TN13. If either has to be felled for safety reasons, provision should be made to replace it with another large standard native broad-leaved tree elsewhere within the project area.

Plant or retain at least 10 additional standard broadleaved trees. Any new trees should ideally be native species such as Rowan, Hawthorn or Whitebeam, which would all be suitable as they would provide flowers for insects and berries for birds. Fruit trees such as Apple, Cherry or Plum could also be considered. Other species might also be suitable, subject to approval by an ecologist.

Remove all tipped refuse from the site, and reinforce the boundary fencing adjoining any retained green-spaces to discourage future tipping. If possible, avoid having new houses backing onto retained green-space, to minimise the potential for tipping in the long term.

Include at least 100m2 of new landscape planting (shrubs/ perennials) with a high proportion of flowering and berry-bearing shrubs / perennials known to have a benefit


14

for insects and birds. These might include, for example, Lavender, Rosemary, Marjoram, Foxglove, Catmint, Meadowsweet, Ivy, Pyracantha, Wild Privet or plants selected from ‘How to Make a Wildlife Garden’ (Chris Baines, 2000), or RSPB Gardening for Wildlife (Thomas, 2010). Many other species could be considered, subject to approval by an ecologist.

Install 10 bird nesting boxes (House Sparrow type) within the new buildings (e.g. www.schwegler-nature.com Brick Box Type 42 or 1SP). The boxes should be positioned at least 2m from the ground, away from potential disturbance or vandalism, and not directly above doors or windows. The boxes should be integrated into the building structure rather than simply hung on the outside where they could easily be removed. They should be positioned near to retained grassland and scrub habitats (e.g. on the sides of the development nearest to the Elgam Ravine SINC).

Eliminate the Schedule 9 invasive species, as outlined above in the ‘ecological constraints’ section, and re-check the site for Japanese Knotweed prior to construction (especially any areas of recent tipping).

Adopt wildlife-friendly horticultural techniques when planting. Only peat-free compost, mulch or soil conditioners should be used. Use of herbicides or pesticides should be minimised, and only non-residual chemicals should be used. Choose plants that will require minimal watering (or no watering) during the summer.

Additional recommendations

Consideration might be given, subject to agreement with Torfaen County Borough Council, to offsetting some of the potential biodiversity losses within the proposed development area by carrying out habitat management within the adjacent Elgam Ravine SINC, to enhance the habitats within it. For example, local cutting back of scrub and coarse grassland, so that the more diverse grassland habitats, or provision of fencing to allow management by occasional grazing.

Provide at least 40 linear metres of new boundary habitat with plenty of cracks and crevices for invertebrates and other wildlife to live in , for example, a dry stone-wall (e.g. http://www.wildaboutgardens.org/habitats/dry-stone-wall.aspx), ‘green wall’ (e.g. http://www.ciria.org.uk/buildinggreener/gw_benefits.htm ) or other ‘habitat wall’ (e.g. http://www.grassroofcompany.co.uk/green-walls.htm).

Grow climbing plants such as Ivy and Honeysuckle on at least 20 linear metres of boundary fences or walls, to provide cover for nesting birds and insects. Climbers grown over a trellis which is off-set from the wall using battens can be particularly valuable as there is more space behind the leaf layer.

Provide at least 100m2 of new grassland habitat/ lawn. To be considered as a habitat enhancement it should not be a single species sward, but should include a variety of low-growing native wildflowers that will tolerate mowing. Ideally plants should be of British origin and appropriate to the locality (e.g. Daisy, White Clover, Yarrow, Self-heal). If using grass seed, suitable mixes might include, for example, Emorsgate mix EG22c: wear tolerant turf-grass mixture with clover, or EH1 shade tolerant wildflower mix.

Include a water feature that could be used by birds for drinking and/ or bathing (e.g. pond, bird-bath or wide, wet ditch).

Provide habitat links without fences or walls, for example, hedges or belts of grassy vegetation. These should be able to provide flight-lines for bats and allow species such as reptiles and hedgehogs to continue to use the site.

http://www.schwegler-nature.com/

http://www.wildaboutgardens.org/habitats/dry-stone-wall.aspx

http://www.ciria.org.uk/buildinggreener/gw_benefits.htm

http://www.grassroofcompany.co.uk/green-walls.htm


15

Incorporate vegetation onto at least 100m2 of car-parking areas and drive-ways (e.g. by using a cellular grass-paving product) to provide additional habitat for plants and some invertebrates.

Incorporate a vegetated ‘green roof’ on at least 100m2 of new buildings to provide habitat of value for plants and invertebrates. The species composition could be either a Sedum-type mat, or a mix of native grass and herb species known to be of value to wildlife.

Replace the dense conifer hedge at TN9 with a hedge of native broad-leaved species, (e.g. Hawthorn, Hazel, Blackthorn), which would be much more beneficial for wildlife. Alternatively, provide a new native species hedge of equivalent length in a new location.

Make provision for long-term management of biodiversity features. Features such as ponds or wildflower grassland can quickly lose their value if left unmanaged. Any new reptile habitat that is provided should be maintained as grassland, and not permitted to develop into dense tall herb or scrub vegetation. Consider producing a habitat management plan to ensure that biodiversity is looked after in the long term, with sufficient resources allocated (e.g. perhaps by agreeing a landscape plan that can eventually be adopted by the local authority parks or highways department.)

7. Recommendations for further survey

The following section outlines recommendations for further survey work that would help to clarify the nature conservation value of the site and refine any subsequent mitigation and ecological design input.

Bat survey update

The Torfaen county ecologist has indicated that an up-to-date bat survey (less than 2 years old) would be required to support a planning application. In this case a survey in September 2011 confirmed that the site supports roosting bats, but it is strongly advised that the survey should be repeated by a licensed bat-worker to bring the information up to date. This is because the nature of the site has changed since the school has closed, and the eventual licence application process and demolition of the buildings are likely to be carried out more than 2 years after the date of the last survey.

The survey should follow current best practice guidelines by the Bat Conservation Trust and include a visual inspection assisted by a ladder and endoscope to check all gaps and joints that might potentially be used as access points by bats. It is unlikely that all of the potential gaps can be ruled out as potential roosts by this method, and therefore additional dusk emergence and dawn re-entry surveys are also likely to be required. The surveys should be undertaken between May and the end of August.

Reptile survey

The county ecologist has recommended that a survey for reptiles should be carried out where there is potential for them to occur. In this case reptiles might reasonably be expected in several types of habitats found at this site, particularly the areas of longer grass and unshaded scrubby margins. A presence/ absence survey for reptiles has been commissioned, to help clarify the extent and nature of mitigation that might be necessary prior to and during construction, and will be reported separately at the end of the study.

The planning submission should include the reptile survey results to allow the planning authority to consider the findings as part of the application process. (If the data is not


16

included, the planning authority would still require a commitment by the developer to carry out a reptile survey and any necessary mitigation prior to commencement of construction.)

Re-check for Japanese Knotweed and other invasive plants

No Japanese Knotweed was evident at the time of the survey, but it is possible that a small quantity of this (or other invasive species) might have escaped detection during the habitat survey, or it may be introduced by fresh tipping prior to construction. It is therefore recommended that a final check for invasive plants is carried out before construction, so that any necessary measures can be taken to prevent their spread.

General comments on further surveys

In the event that the proposed development does not take place for a year or more, the habitat survey should be repeated (preferably not during the winter) and the ecological constraints and further survey recommendations re-assessed.

8. Bibliography

JNCC (2011). Handbook for Phase 1 Habitat Survey – A Technique for Environmental Audit. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough.

Hawkeswood Ecology (2011). Bat Survey and Observations, Hillside Primary School and Nursery, Upper Hill Street, Blaenavon, Torfaen. Report to Torfaen County Borough Council.

Torfaen Local Biodiversity Action Plan. http://ukbars.defra.gov.uk

Wales Biodiversity Partnership (2008). Guidelines for the Selection of Wildlife Sites in Wales.

http://ukbars.defra.gov.uk/


17

Appendix 1. Species list

This list presents the scientific and English names of the plant and animal species observed at the former Hillside School, Blaenavon (Grid reference SO255090) on 10 June 2013. The list gives an indication of the abundance in each of the main habitats.

Columns are given for each of the main habitats. An estimate of species frequency is given for each species. This uses the DAFOR scale, where D = Dominant, A = Abundant, F = Frequent, O = Occasional and R = Rare. Frequency scores in brackets are used for species overhanging from outside the site boundary but actually growing within the site.

A ‘+’ is used to indicate the presence of lower plants and any incidental sightings of animals and birds.

Species Common Name

Gra

ssla

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VASCULAR PLANTS

Acer platanoides Norway Maple (R)

Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore R

Achillea millefolium Yarrow R

Aegopodium podagraria Ground Elder R

Agrostis capillaris Common Bent R

Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent R

Alchemilla xanthochlora Pale Lady’s-mantle R

Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail F

Amelanchier cf lamarckii Snowy Mespil O

Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass F

Arabidopsis thaliana Thale Cress R

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass F O

Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort R

Bellis perennis Daisy R

Berberis sp. Barberry R

Betula pendula Silver Birch R

Betula pubescens Downy Birch R

Buddleja davidii Butterfly Bush R R

Calluna vulgaris Heather R

Calystegia silvatica Large Bindweed F R

Campanula sp. Bellflower R

Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bittercress R

Cardamine pratensis Cuckoo Flower O

Carex demissa Common Yellow-sedge R

Carex flacca Glaucous Sedge O

Carex hirta Hairy Sedge R R

Carex pendula Pendulous Sedge R

Ceanothus sp. Ceanothus R

Centaurea nigra Common Knapweed O

Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear O

Chamerion angustifolium Rose-bay Willowherb R F R

Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle R O


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Species Common Name

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Clematis montana Clematis R

Conopodium majus Pignut O

Cornus sanguinea Dogwood R

Cortaderia selloana Pampas-grass R

Corylus avellana Hazel R

Cotoneaster bullatus Hollyberry Cotoneaster R

Cotoneaster cf dielsianus Diel’s Cotoneaster R

Cotoneaster cf x suecius. Swedish Cotoneaster R

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn F

Crepis capillaris Smooth Hawk’s-beard R

Crocosmia crocosmiiflora Montbretia O

x Cuprocyparis leylandii Leyland Cypress A

Cupressus spp. Cypress species F

Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog’s-tail R

Dactylis glomerata Cock’s-foot Grass A F

Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass R

Dryopteris dilatata Broad Buckler-fern R

Dryopteris filix-mas Male Fern R

Elaeagnus macrophylla Broad-leaved Oleaster R

Elytrigia repens Couch O

Epilobium hirsutum Greater Willowherb F

Epilobium montanum Broad-leaved Willowherb R O

Epilobium parviflorum Hoary Willowherb R

Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail R

Festuca rubra Red Fescue A

Foeniculum vulgare Fennel R

Forsythia x intermedia Forsythia R

Fraxinus excelsior Ash O O

Galium aparine Cleavers F

Geranium robertianum Herb Robert R R

Geum urbanum Wood Avens R

Hebe sp. Shrub veronica R

Hedera helix Ivy F R

Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed R

Hieracium sp. Hawkweed R R

Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog A

Holcus mollis Creeping Soft-grass O R

Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell R

Hydrangea macrophylla Hydrangea R

Hypericum maculatum Imperforate St.John’s-wort R

Hypochaeris radicata Common Cat’s-Ear O

Ilex aquifolium Holly R R

Juncus effusus Soft Rush O

Juncus inflexus Hard Rush R


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Species Common Name

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Lathyrus linifolius Bitter-vetch R R

Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling O

Lavandula angustifolia Garden Lavender R

Leontodon hispidus Rough Hawk-bit R

Ligustrum ovalifolium Garden Privet R O

Lilium sp. Lily (ornamental) R

Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass O

Lonicera nitida Wilson’s Honeysuckle R

Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle R

Lotus corniculatus Common Bird’s-foot Trefoil O

Lotus pedunculatus Greater Bird’s-foot Trefoil R

Malus domestica Apple R

Melissa officinalis Balm R

Mentha sp. Mint R

Mycelis muralis Wall Lettuce R

Myosotis secunda Wood Forget-me-not R

Narcissus sp. Daffodil R

Origanum vulgare Marjoram R

Paeonia officinalis Garden Peony R

Photinia serrulata Photinia R

Philadelphus coronarius Mock Orange R

Phyllitis scolopendrium Hart’s-tongue Fern R

Picea abies Norway Spruce R

Pilosella aurantiaca Fox and Cubs R

Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F

Plantago major Greater Plantain R R

Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass O

Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass A O

Polypodium vulgare Common Polypody R

Potentilla fruticosa Shrubby Cinquefoil R

Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R R R

Primula vulgaris Primrose R

Primula x polyantha Polyanthus R

Prunella vulgaris Self-Heal R R

Prunus domestica Wild Plum F

Prunus laurocerasus Cherry Laurel O

Prunus lusitanica Portugal Laurel R

Prunus cf serratula Japanese Cherry O

Prunus padus Bird Cherry O

Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup O

Ranunculus bulbosus Bulbous Buttercup R

Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O O

Ribes uva-crispa Gooseberry R

Ribes sp. Currant R


20

Species Common Name

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Rosa canina Dog Rose O

Rosa rugosa Japanese Rose R

Rosa sp. Rose (ornamental) R

Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble O A

Rubus idaeus Raspberry R

Rumex acetosa Sorrel O

Rumex crispus Curled Dock R

Rumex obtusifolius Broad-Leaved Dock R O

Sagina procumbens Procumbent Pearlwort R

Salix caprea Goat Willow D

Salix cinerea Grey Willow O

Sambucus nigra Elder R

Sanguisorba officinalis Great Burnet R

Senecio jacobaea Ragwort O R

Senecio vulgaris Groundsel R

Skimmia japonica Skimmia R

Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet R

Sonchus oleraceus Soft Sow-thistle R

Sorbus aucuparia Rowan O R

Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R

Stellaria graminea Lesser Stitchwort O

Syringa vulgaris Lilac R

Tanacetum parthenium Feverfew R

Taraxacum sp. Dandelion F O O

Thymus vulgaris Garden Thyme R

Trifolium pratense Red Clover O R

Trifolium repens White Clover O

Tussilago farfara Colt’s-foot R

Urtica dioica Nettle O A R

Veronica arvensis Wall Speedwell R

Veronica hederifolia Ivy-leaved Speedwell O

Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell R

Vicia sativa Common Vetch R

Vicia sepium Bush Vetch R

Viola x wittrockiana Garden Pansy R

BRYOPHYTES (prominent species only)

Brachythecium rutabulum Rough-stalked Feather-moss + + +

Bryum argenteum Silver-moss +

Bryum capillare Capillary Thread-moss +

Calliergonella cuspidata Pointed Spear-moss +

Ceratodon purpureus Redshank +

Cryphaea heteromalla Lateral Cryphaea +

Frullania dilatata Dilated Scalewort +

Hypnum andoi Mamillate Plait-moss +


21

Species Common Name

Gra

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Hypnum resupinatum Supine Plait-moss + +

Kindbergia praelonga Common Feather-moss + + +

Lophocolea bidentata Bifid Crestwort +

Metzgeria furcata Forked Veilwort +

Polytrichum juniperinum Juniper Haircap +

Radula complanata Even Scalewort +

Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus Springy Turf-moss +

Ulota cf bruchii Bruch’s Pincushion +

Lichens (prominent species only)

Evernia prunastri Lichen +

Flavoparmelia caperata Lichen +

Hypogymnea physodes Lichen +

Hypotrachyna revoluta Lichen +

Parmelia saxatilis Lichen +

Parmelia sulcata Lichen +

Parmotrema perlatum Lichen +

Usnea subfloridana Lichen +

INVERTEBRATES (incidental observations)

Tyria jacobaea Cinnabar Moth +

BIRDS (incidental observations)

Chloris chloris Greenfinch +

Corvus corone Carrion Crow +

Corvus monedula Jackdaw +

Erithacus rubecula Robin +

Parus caeruleus Blue Tit +

Parus major Great Tit +

Passer domesticus House Sparrow + +

Pica pica Magpie +

Prunella modularis Dunnock +

Turdus merula Blackbird +

Turdus philomelos Song Thrush +

MAMMALS (incidental wild mammal observations only)

Erinaceus europaeus Hedgehog (droppings) +


22

Appendix 2. Photographs.

Photograph 1. Tall herbs and coarse grassland at TN1, looking north-east across footpath (September 2013).

Photograph 2. Japanese Rose, Bramble and tall herbs at TN1 boundary, looking north-west (June 2013).

Photograph 3. Coarse grassland with Willow and Bramble scrub at TN2, looking south-west

(June 2013).


23

Photograph 4. Extended garden at TN3, looking north-west over fence (June 2013).

Photograph 5. Scrub and tall herb mosaic at TN4 (looking north-west near boundary hedge) (June 2013).

Photograph 6. Tall herbs at TN4, showing tipped refuse, looking south-east (June 2013).


24

Photograph 7. Hollyberry Cotoneaster at edge of TN4 adjoining sports pitch (June 2013).

Photograph 8. Sports pitches at TN5, looking north-west (June 2013).

Photograph 9. Grassland and scrub at TN6, looking east (June 2013).


25

Photograph 10. Bitter-vetch at TN6 (June 2013).

Photograph 11. Grassland and scrub at TN7, looking south from path (June 2013).

Photograph 12. Large standard Ash tree at boundary of TN7, looking east (June 2013).


26

Photograph 13. Dense scrub in eastern part of TN7 (June 2013).

Photograph 14. Area of recently felled trees in TN7, looking north-east (June 2013).

Photograph 15. Grassland at TN8, looking south-west (June 2013).


27

Photograph 16. Conifer hedge at TN9 and amenity grassland at TN10, looking south-east

along north-east side of building (September 2013).

Photograph 17. Grassland at TN10, looking west on south side of building towards hedge at

TN9 (June 2013).

Photograph 18. Grassland at TN10, looking south-west along west side of building

(September 2013).


28

Photograph 19. Building at TN11, looking north-west (June 2013).

Photograph 20. Building at TN11, looking west (June 2013).

Photograph 21. Building at TN12, looking south-east (June 2013).


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Photograph 22. Trees and shrubs at TN13, looking south-west, with large Cherry tree in

centre of picture (September 2013).

Photograph 23. Grassland at TN15 and building at TN16, looking west (September 2013).

Photograph 24. Building at TN16, looking west at eastern side (June 2013).


30

Photograph 25. Canopy at west side of TN16, looking north east across playground TN18

(June 2013).

Photograph 26. Buildings at TN16 (right) and TN17 (left), looking north-west through archway

(June 2013).

Photograph 27. Building at TN17, looking south-west across playground TN18 (June 2013).


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Appendix 3. SINC data provided by Torfaen Council. The following table was provided by Torfaen County Borough Council, and summarises the data for the SINCs which lie within 1km of Hillside School study area.

The highlighted entry shows the data for Coedcae School Meadow/ Elgam Ravine, which lies partly within the proposed development area. Maps showing the SINC areas are presented on the next pages.

Site name Grid Ref Area Main habitats Habitat quality Significant assemblage of species

Coedcae School Meadow / Elgam Ravine

SO254091 1.8 ha Neutral species-rich grassland

Semi-improved grassland

Red fescue, cocksfoot, sweet vernal grass, lesser stitchwort, pignut, black knapweed, heath bedstraw, great burnet

Ducky Pond SO246096 1 Ha Freshwater, willow scrub, with associated marshy grassland

NVC M23 adjacent to pond. Good water quality

Soft rush, common cotton grass, heath-spotted orchid, sphagnum mosses

Coedcae pastures

SO263087 2.6 ha Wet and dry heath, acidic grassland, marshy grassland

Horse grazed field. Positive conservation management needed

Purple moor grass, bilberry, heather, cross leaved heath, sheep’s fescue, common bent, wavy hair grass, heath bedstraw, heath rush, soft rush, marsh bedstraw

Upper Coedcae Pastures

SO260092 Dry heath, acidic grassland` Species inc. sheep’s fescue, common bent, heath bedstraw, bilberry, wavy hair grass, heather

World Heritage Centre Lesser horseshoe bat roost and foraging area

SO250087 3.1 ha Lesser horseshoe bat resting place and foraging areas. Good connectivity to the main river through grassland, scrub and hedgerows in adjacent grave yard. Also has brown long-eared bats and pipistrelle species

Under-managed <10

Pontypool & Blaenavon Railway & Doncaster Pond

SO237092 103 Ha Acid grassland / heath mosaic, wet flushes, bare ground, colliery spoil, streams, ponds and ditches

Excellent Bats, small pearl-bordered fritillary, moonwort, small cudweed, grayling, pyramidal orchids,

Llanover Road SO265084 51 Ha Wet and dry heath, bog, acidic grassland, marshy grassland mosaic

Favourable Grasshopper warbler breeding site, long-eared owl foraging site, anecdotal reports of water vole

Mine water treatment reedbed

SO246089 8.3 ha Reedbed, stream corridor, species-rich calcareous grassland, Scrub, Mixed woodland

Needs management

Grasshopper warbler breeding area, breeding reed warbler, otter, small heath, grayling, dingy skipper

Forgeside Meadow

SO247082 11 Ha Needs positive conservation management

Grasshopper warbler breeding area

Balls Pond SO254096 Freshwater Needs more survey

Common frog, common toad, palmate and smooth newt.


32


33


34

Appendix 4. Summary of data provided by SEWBReC. The following tables summarise all protected and priority species from the SEWBReC database recorded within a 500m search buffer around the study area. NB The SEWBReC data included very few recorded from within the site boundary, and it also includes some species further than 500m away. The records of Greater Horseshoe Bats are all from more than 2km away from the actual site boundary. The record of Peregrine chicks was provided as a tetrad (2x2km) record and is almost certainly from beyond the 500m search buffer. Most of the other bird records are provided as 1km records and a high proportion of these appear likely to be from outside the 500m buffer.

Priority and protected species

i.e. Species with European and UK legal protection, Section 42 [NERC] species and UKBAP priority species.

Scientific Name Common Name Status (see abbreviations list on next page)

Alauda arvensis Sky Lark BDir22, S42, WBAm, LBAP, UKBR

Caprimulgus europaeus European Nightjar BDir1, S42, UKBAP, Bern, WBAm, UKBR

Carduelis cannabina Common Linnet S42, Bern, WBR

Chiroptera Unspecified Bat WCA5, S42, LBAP

Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon BDir1, WCA1.1, Bonn, Bern, CITES, LBAP, UKBAm

Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell WCA8, LBAP

Myotis mystacinus Whiskered Bat EPS, HDir, WCA5, Bonn, Bern, RD2, LBAP

Nyctalus leisleri Lesser Noctule EPS, HDir, WCA5, Bonn, Bern, RD2, LBAP

Passer domesticus House Sparrow S42, UKBAP, WBAm, UKBR

Pipistrellus pipistrellus Common Pipistrelle EPS, HDir, WCA5, S42, Bonn, Bern, RD2, LBAP

Pipistrellus pipistrellus Common Pipistrelle Hdir, WCA5, S42, Bonn, Bern, RD2, LBAP

Pipistrellus pygmaeus Soprano Pipistrelle EPS, HDir, S42, UKBAP, Bonn, Bern, RD2, LBAP

Plecotus auritus Brown Long-eared Bat EPS, HDir, WCA5, S42, UKBAP, Bonn, Bern, RD2, LBAP

Prunella modularis Hedge Accentor S42, UKBAP, Bern, RD2, UKBAm

Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Greater Horseshoe Bat EPS, HDir, WCA5, S42, UKBAP, Bonn, Bern, RD1, RD2, LBAP

Rhinolophus hipposideros Lesser Horseshoe Bat EPS, HDir, WCA5, S42, UKBAP, Bonn, Bern, RD2, LBAP

Sturnus vulgaris Common Starling BDir22, S42, UKBAP, Bern, RD2, WBR, UKBR

Turdus iliacus Redwing BDir22, WCA1.1, WBAm, UKBR, UKBAm

Turdus philomelos Song Thrush BDir22, S42, UKBAP, Bern, RD2, WBAm, LBAP UKBR

Turdus pilaris Fieldfare BDir22, WCA1.1, WBAm, UKBR, UKBAm

Research only species

The following species was also present in the search area but has been excluded from the main table as it is listed in the UK BAP as a research only species.

Scientific Name Common Name Status (see abbreviations list)

Coenonympha pamphilus Small Heath S42, UKBAP, RD1


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Abbreviations used in data search tables:

BDir1 EC Birds Directive Annex 1 Species

BDir22 EC Birds Directive Annex 2.2 Species

Bern Bern Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats

Bonn The Bonn Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals Species

CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Species

EPS European Protected Species

HDir EU Habitats Directive Species

LBAP Torfaen Local Biodiversity Action Plan Species

RD1 Red Data Book Species (based on IUCN criteria)

RD2 Red Data Book Species (not based on IUCN criteria)

S42 NERC Act Section 42 Species (Priority Species in Wales

UKBAm RSPB UK Amber listed birds (not based on IUCN criteria)

UKBAP UK Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Species

UKBR RSPB UK Red listed birds (not based on IUCN criteria)

WBAm RSPB Welsh Amber listed birds (not based on IUCN criteria)

WBR RSPB Welsh Red listed birds (not based on IUCN criteria)

WCA1.1 Wildlife and Countryside Act Schedule 1 Part 1 Species

WCA5 Wildlife and Countryside Act Schedule 5 Species

WCA8 Wildlife and Countryside Act Schedule 8 Species

Hillside School, Blaenavon

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