Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic...
Transcript of Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic...
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
1/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4(
Djhprj cer Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Dghg`agh @jcjhdj # Cerjakh Gccgart Ahtpapzpj, ?663(
MGZ MGZ GH@ PBJ @JDELEHATGPAEH EC IJHQG
Bal`g HattamaKjhjrgl Batperq @jvgrpmjhp, Ogr-Algh Zhasjrtapq, _gmgp-Kgh, Atrgjl
Ahpre`zdpaeh
Pbj Mgz Mgz rjojllaeh tzrvratj` pbj Orapatb kesjrhmjhp ah 71:? oq apt cjredapq
gh` apt ahapagl tzddjtt( Glpbezkb pbj jvjdpgpaeh ec g tvjj`q tzvvrjttaeh ec {bgp
gvvjgrj` pe oj vramapasj gh` gpgsatpad krezvt {apbezp carjgrmt {gt crztprgpj`, lg{ gh`
er`jr {gt rjtperj` oq 71::%3( Pbj `zrgpaeh gh` vreprgdpj` jccerp ec pbj
dezhpjrahtzrkjhdq ojk gh jsglzgpaeh ec apt ahclzjhdj eh pbj cgpj ec Ijhqg gt g delehq(
Qjp, `jdelehatgpaeh `a` hep grrasj zhpal hjgrlq g `jdg`j lgpjr( Bjhdj, pbj dehpjhpaeh esjr
pbj vettaolj jccjdp ec pbj Mgz Mgz eh pbj Orapatb rjprjgp crem Ijhqg(
Ah pbj `atdzttaeh ec Ijhqgh `jdelehatgpaeh, p{e mgah gvvregdbjt dgh oj
`jpjdpj`( Ehj, cedztjt eh pbj vredjttjt ah Ijhqgh tedajpq, pbj epbjr eh pbj Orapatb
jtpgolatbmjhp( [apbah pbj cartp gvvregdb, evahaeh mgq rghkj crem pbj gttjrpaeh pbgp {apb
`jdelehatgpaeh pbj Mgz Mgz {eh g ojlgpj` sadperq pe pbj tpgpjmjhp pbgp pbj hgpaehglatp
tprzkklj `zrahk pbj vjrae` ec 71:3-7134 dehtpapzpj` gh glpjrhgpasj pe pbj Mgz Mgz
tprzkklj(7 Pbj epbjr gvvregdb leeit cer cgdpert ahclzjhdahk amvjragl `jdataeh-mgiahk(
Metp ec pbj rjtjgrdb eh pbj Leh`eh tdjhj leeit cer kjhjrgl cgdpert pbgp tbgvj` pbj
{a`jr vredjtt ec `jdelehatgpaeh gh` `jsepjt ozp lapplj tvgdj pe Ijhqg aptjlc(? Pbj
rjtjgrdb `jglahk tvjdacadgllq {apb pbj `jdelehatgpaeh ec Ijhqg at metplq g sgragpaeh eh
7 O( G( Ekep, +Pbj @jdattasj Qjgrt 71:3-7134+, @jdeleha~gpaeh # Ah`jvjh`jhdj ah Ijhqg 7106-7114"Leh`eh, Hgareoa, 711:!, v(:79 Ijapb Iqlj, Pbj Velapadt ec Ah`jvjh`jhdj ec Ijhqg"Leh`eh, 7111! v( 2;(? P{e eosaezt jgmvljt {all tzccadj, N( @gr{ah, Nebh @gr{ah , Pbj Jh` ec pbj Orapatb Jmvarj> pbj Batperadgl @jogpj( "Ecer`, 7117!
gh` C( Bjahljah, Orapatb Kesjrhmjhp Veladq gh` @jdelehatgpaeh 710:-7134( Tdrzpahatahk pbj Eccadagl Mah`"Leh`eh, ?66?!(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
2/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( ?
cermjr Delehagl Tjdrjpgrq Elasjr Lqppjlpeh+t jvlghgpaeh pbgp ap dgmj goezp gt g rjtzlp ec
g kjhjrgl zh`jrtpgh`ahk pbgp dehpahzghdj ec Orapgah+t rzlj {ezl` jhpgal g ztj ec cerdj
zhgddjvpgolj pe pbj Orapatb vzolad(4 @( C( Ker`eh+t {gt vreogolq pbj cartp tpz`q ah pbat
sjah(0 Bj pbezkbp pbgp gt g rjtzlp ec pbj rjojllaeh, pbj Orapatb rjglatj` pbj pjhzezthjtt ec
pbj Jzrevjgh Tjppljrt+ bel` eh Ijhqg( Gdder`ahk pe pbat ahpjrvrjpgpaeh, pbj Belg dgmv
ahda`jhp, {bjh 77 Gcradgh `jpgahjjt {jrj iallj` `zrahk {bgp pzrhj` ezp pe oj g mgppjr ec
rjkzlgr `jpgahjj-dgmv vrgdpadj, {gt pbj `jdatasj jsjhp eh Ijhqg+t vgpb pe
ah`jvjh`jhdj( @gsa` Gh`jrteh+t metp rjdjhp tpz`q pgijt pbj tgmj rezpj, hepahk pbgp
gcpjr 71:3, pbj Orapatb vzolad {jrj djrpgahlq g{grj pbgp +pbj dgmvgakh ah Ijhqg {gt g
`arpq oztahjtt+(: Jhedb Ve{jll+t vzolad ah`akhgpaeh gp pbj Belg iallahk vresj` pbgp ac bj, g
ratahk tpgr ec pbj _akbp, ojlajsj` pbgp Orapgah bg` he rakbp pe oj pbjrj ac tbj dezl` hep
tbe{ mergl ljg`jrtbav ec pbj bakbjtp er`jr, pbjh pbj kgmj ec jmvarj {gt zv(3
Hehj ec pbjtj tpz`ajt gdihe{lj`kjt pbj pamj pbgp jlgvtj` zhpal pbj rjojllaeh+t
ahclzjhdj gdpzgllq peei jccjdp( Her `e pbjq jccjdpasjlq jvlgah {bq pbj tgmj laojrgl
pjh`jhdajt cgalj` pe tpev pbj `arpq {gr pbj Orapatb deh`zdpj` gkgahtp pbj Mgz Mgz ah
Ijhqg {balj ap {gt rgkahk eh( Laij{atj, g rjdjhp tpz`q tzkkjtpt g pbjerq {bjrjoq
`jmedrgdajt letj tmgll {grt, qjp Orapgah at dehtvadzeztlq gotjhp crem pbj latp pbgp
4 Elasjr Lqppjlpeh, Pbj Mjmearjt ec Ler` Dbgh`et, "Leh`eh 713?! v( (0 @( C( Ker`eh, +Mgz-Mgz gh` @jdeleha~gpaeh> Ijhqg gh` pbj @jcjgp ec Mzlpa _gdaglatm ah Jgtp gh` Djhprgl Gcradg+, Ijhqg
Batperadgl _jsaj{, laa,"71;;!, vv( 406-7(: @gsa` Gh`jrteh, Batperq ec pbj Bghkj`( Pbj [gr ah Ijhqg gh` pbj Jh` ec Jmvarj, "Hj{ Qeri, Leh`eh, ?66:!, vv( 4?3-;( Ehjec pbj metp rjdjhp tpz`ajt tbe{ahk nztp be{ `arpq> Dgrelahj Jliaht, Amvjragl _jdiehahk( Pbj Zhpel` Tperq ec Orapgah+t Kzlgk ahIjhqg"Hj{ Qeri, ?66:!(3 Gh`jrteh, led( dap(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
3/35
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
4/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( 0
glte bg` g dbghdj ec ojahk zh`jrtpee` {apbah pbj dehpjp ec gh jgdjrogpahk dehcladp
ojp{jjh pbj [jtp gh` pbj Tesajp oledi(
Qjp hepbahk ec pbj goesj bgvvjhj`( Pbjrj {jrj tjsjrgl rjgteht cer pbj
jwzghamapq {apb {badb pbj rjojllaeh gh` pbj tzvvrjttaeh {jrj mjp( Gp cartp pbj rjojllaeh
{gt `atdezhpj` ojdgztj ec pbj pjdbhadgl ogdi{gr`hjtt gh` ahcjraerapq ec pbj
demogpghpt, {badb jhdezrgkj` bevjt cer g t{acp `jcjgp(2 Ozp jsjh gt pbj Orapatb cezh`
pbjmtjlsjt vle``ahk pbjar {gq pbrezkb pbj jhpghkljmjhpt ec gh zhihe{h Gcradgh
pjrrgah, ehlq pbj grmq dgmj pe rjkgr` pbj rjojllaeh cer {bgp ap {gt( Mgz Mgz {gt g
malapgrq dbglljhkj {apb tjraezt velapadgl amvladgpaeht( Pbj grmq {gt pbj cartp pe rjglatj pbj
Mgz Mgz dbglljhkj, jtvjdagllq zh`jr g delehagl ve{jr demvljpjlq zh{allahk pe
gddemme`gpj velapadgl gtvargpaeht(1
Pbj kesjrhmjhp ah Leh`eh {gt lapplj vjrpzroj`( Ijhqg hjsjr pevvj` pbj
dgoahjpt gkjh`g, gh` pbj kesjrhmjhp {gt tle{ pe krghp rjahcerdjmjhpt zrkjhplq
rjwzjtpj` oq pbj malapgrq( 76 Tamalgrlq, `jlaojrgpaeht {apb pbj Ijhqg kesjrhmjhp esjr
ceepahk pbj oall {jrj dgrraj` ezp ljatzrjlq ah tvapj ec grmq {grhahkt ah Cjorzgrq 71:4 pbgp
pbjq {jrj bel`ahk zv tzvvrjttaeh gdpasapajt(77 Ehlq ah pbj lgpjr vgrp ec 71:4 `a` pbj
2 Mjme( Oq Elasjr Lqppjlpeh, Tjdrjpgrq ec Tpgpj cer pbj Delehajt, 70 Hes( 71:?, D":?!06;, V_JM 77%0;? Pbj Hgpaehgl
Grdbasjt%Vzolad _jder` Eccadj "Ij{!"V_E!, Ler` Glverp, Pbj Tz``jh Gttakhmjhp> Ojahk g _jder` ec Tjrsadj ah Djhprgl Gcradg,
`zrahk pbj Lgtp Dehpresjrtagl Qjgrt ec Cj`jrgpaeh _be`jtag gh` Hqgtglgh`"Leh`eh, 713:!, v( 20(1 Mgn( Kjhjrgl [( _( H( Bah`j, Orajc cer D-ah-D Batperadgl Hepj eh Mgz Mgz gh` pbj Jmjrkjhdq, 3 Nzhj 71:4, Mtt( Gcr( t(
7:26%4%7? _B( Eh pbj hjj` cer mjjpahk pbj velapadgl dbglljhkj oz oepb Demmgh`jrt ah Dbajc> Kjhjrgl Tar K( Jrtiahj pe bat {acj,0 Edp( 71:4 3%7%;:%740 J_TIAHJ AYmvjragl] [Ygr] MYztjzm]9 Jrtiahj, gvvrjdagpaeh eh Czpzrj Malapgrq Veladq ah Ijhqg, 71:0, Ngh(71:0, [E ?73%234 V_E9 glte ah gh ahpjrsaj{ N( Dgmjreh, Oemojrt5 Ijhqg Hjj`t A`jgt, Hj{t Dbrehadlj, 71 Hes( 71:4,
;:%740%:, J_TIAHJ, A[M9 Lajzpjhghp Kjhjrgl K( L( Lgpbozrq pe DAKT, Ngh( 71:3, [E ?73%21?9 Lgpbozrq pe Zh`jr-Tjdrjpgrq ecTpgpj, [gr Eccadj, 7? @jd( 71::, [E ?;3%2 V_E76 Jrtiahj pe vramj mahatpjr, Tar [ahtpeh Dbzrdball, ?2 Gzk(, Ghpehq Bjg`, [gr Tjdrjpgrq, pe Dbzrdball, 47 Gzk( 71:4, V_JM77%0;? V_E(77 Dbajct ec Tpgcc, ?1pb mpk(, ?; Cjo( 71:4, v( :, @JCJ 0%369 Mjme, Prgccer` Tmapb, 3 Cjo( 71:4, DE 2??%0;; V_E V_E(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
5/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( :
kesjrhmjhp ojkah pe rjglatj pbgp pbj rjojllaeh {gt keahk pe oj g `rg{h-ezp
ghheqghdj(7?
Ah pbj Orapatb kesjrhmjhp, pbj le{ malapgrq gttjttmjhp ec pbj krezvt ap {gt
cakbpahk {jhp bgh` ah bgh` {apb g `jhagl ec pbj velapadgl dbgrgdpjr ec pbj mesjmjhp(
Kasjh pbj kesjrhmjhpt veladq cer Ijhqg, ap {gt sarpzgllq amvettaolj pe gddjvp pbj
rjojllaeht velapadgl dbgrgdpjr( G vetapasj rjtvehtj pe `jmgh`t cer pbj rjpzrh ec lgh`t
gh` cer vgttahk ve{jr pe pbj Gcradgh mgnerapq {gt ezp ec pbj wzjtpaeh gt lehk gt pbj
Orapatb tg{ pbj Jzrevjgh demmzhapq gt pbj `rasahk cerdj ec pbj delehq( Leh`eh bg` lapplj
ahpjhpaeh ec vgqahk pbj ahtzrkjhpt pbj demvlamjhp ec prjgpahk pbjm gt rjojlt, gh` `jhaj`
pbj velapadgl gtvjdp ec pbj Mgz Mgz, dehta`jrahk pbjm hepbahk merj pbgh gpgsatpad, ghpa-
me`jrhatp pjrreratpt(74 Pbj t{jgrahk-ah djrjmehq ec Mgz Mgz g`bjrjhpt gh` mjmojrt,
cer jgmvlj, {gt dehta`jrj` vreec ec pbj ogrograd dbgrgdpjr ec pbj erkghatgpaeh9 ap
jmvbgtatj` g vramapasj gh` mgkadgl dehpjp, hep pe oj matpgijh cer g velapadgllq
oah`ahk demmapmjhp(70 Pbj Orapatb kesjrhmjhp {gt ah cgdp `eahk g sjrq kee` neo ec
`jmehatahk pbj jhjmq, gt Lqppjlpeh+t rjpretvjdpasj `jtdravpaeh ec g tbg`e{ ec g berhj`
cakzrj besjrahk esjr bam {bjh `jglahk {apb vgvjrt dehdjrhahk Ijhqg mgijt dljgr( 7:
@jmehatahk pbj ahtzrkjhpt, {balj `jhqahk velapadgl jh`t pe pbjar tprzkklj, {jhp g lehk
7? Bjg` pe Lqppjlpeh, 7; Nzlq 71:4 DE 2??%0;;, Bjg` pe Dbzrdball, 47 Gzk( 71:4, V_JM 77%0;? V_E74 Tar Gh`rj{ Debjh, Orapatb Veladq ah Dbghkahk Gcradg, "Leh`eh, 71:1!(70 Jsjh oq laojrgl mah`t laij Pbemgt Gti{apb {be `a` tjj tedagl gh` velapadgl gtvjdpt ah pbj rjojllaeh ozp hep ah pbj egpb, D(
Jliaht, Pbj Tprzkklj cer Mgz Mgz _jbgoalapgpaeh ah Lgpj Delehagl Ijhqg, Ahpjrhgpaehgl Nezrhgl ec Gcradgh Batperadgl Tpz`ajt, ,7, "?666!, vv( 43-4;( Bj {gt ogdij` oq vrecjttaehglt( L(T(O( Ljgijq, pbj Jzrevjgh gzpberapq eh Iaizqz lerj, ah oepb bat oeeit
bjl` g tamalgr evahaeh> L(T(O( Ljgijq, @jcjgpahk Mgz Mgz"Leh`eh, 71:0!, ;;-14, L(T(O( Ljgijq, Mgz Mgz gh` pbj Iaizqz "Leh`eh, 71:?!, db( 1( laij{atj, @r( N(D( Dgrepbjrt, ghjpbhevtqdbagpratp {apb takhacadghp Gcradgh jvjrajhdj bakblq vrgatj` Gti{apb+t vlgh - @r( N(D( Dgrepbjrt, Pbj Vtqdbelekq ec Mgz
Mgz"Hgareoa, 71:0!(7: Lqppjlpeh, Pbj Mjmeart ec Ler` Dbgh`et, vv( 410-41:( @( Ijhhj`q, Dehtprzdpahk pbj Delehagl Mqpb ec Mgz Mgz, PbjAhpjrhgpaehgl Nezrhgl ec Gcradgh Batperadgl Tpz`ajt, s, he( ? "711?!, v( ?:49 C( Deevjr, _jsaj{ Grpadlj> Mgz Mgz gh` pbj@atdezrtjt ec @jdeleha~gpaeh, Nezrhgl ec Gcradgh Batperq, a "7122! vv( 473-47;, 471-4?6, @( Pbrezv, Jdehemad gh` Tedagl
Erakaht ec Mgz Mgz 710:-71:4"Leh`eh, 712;!, vv( 0?-4(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
6/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( 3
{gq pe{gr` dglmahk pbj Orapatb eccadagl mah` gh` rjgttzrahk ap ec pbj jsjhpzgl tzddjtt ec
pbj tzvvrjttaeh(
Glpbezkb pbj delehagl jtpgolatbmjhp `jhaj` ghq velapadgl gppraozpjt ec pbj Mgz
Mgz mesjmjhp, IGZ, pbj Gcradgh velapadgl mesjmjhp, {gt vretdraoj` gt gh glljkj`
desjr erkghatgpaeh, pe pbj krjgp tgpatcgdpaeh ec pbj tjppljrt( Pbat mesj {gt ah czll
gdder`ghdj {apb pbj {grhahk attzj` oq pbj vremahjhp tjppljr ljg`jr Madbgjl Olzh`jll>
Vjevlj grj ojkahhahk pe wzjtpaeh {bjpbjr gll Gcradght be{jsjr tecp tveijh gh`
j`zdgpj` grj hep nztp pbj tgmj gh` {bjpbjr pbjq grj {atj pe pgli goezp ghq czpzrj
rjlgpaehtbavt {apb pbjm epbjr pbgh eh pbj ogtat ec tpradp `atdavlahj gh` dehprel(
73
Ap {gt cerpzhgpj gh` vreogolq ahjsapgolj pbgp pbj vretdravpaeh glte mgpdbj` pbj Jzrevjgh
rjg`ahkt ec pbj Gcradgh velapadgl mgv( Gcpjr gll, pbj dezhpjrahtzrkjhdq {gt `jjvlq
ah`jopj` pe pbj Jzrevjgh tjppljrt+ jccerp( Pbjar ihe{lj`kj ec pbj dezhprq gh` apt
lghkzgkj {gt ah`atvjhtgolj ah kzjrrallg {grcgrj( De-evjrgpaeh {apb pbj tjppljrt czrpbjr
amvresj` {apb pbj drjgpaeh ah 71:0 ec g {gr dgoahjp dehtatpahk ec pbrjj mjmojrt> pbj
Kesjrher, Kjhjrgl Tar K( Jrtiahj, gh` g mahatpjr crem pbj tjppljrt Olzh`jll( Pbj
cjjlahk pbgp pbj tjppljrt {jrj vjevlj pe oj rjdiehj` {apb lahkjrj` eh( 7;
Pbj rjojllaeh glte rjahcerdj` cjjlahkt ec tqmvgpbq pe{gr`t pbj tjppljrt gt +iapb
gh` iah+, gh` gt vgrphjrt ah g demmeh Jzrevjgh dasalatgpaeh( Pbj tzvvrjttaeh ec gh
ahtzrkjhdq ah g vlgdj {bjrj esjr{bjlmahk Jzrevjgh pjdbhelekadgl tzvjraerapq {gt
mghacjtp `a` hepbahk pe dehsahdj ghqehj pbgp pbj Gcradght bg` pbj wzglacadgpaeht pe rzh g
sagolj me`jrh tpgpj( Pbj merj `jmehad pbj Mgz Mgz {jrj mg`j ezp pe oj, pbj merj
73 Olzh`jll pe Bzkb Crgtjr MV, ? Mgq 71:4, Mtt( Gcr( t ;03%7?%4, OLZH@JLL, _Ybe`jt]BYeztj] Jliaht, Pbj Tprzkklj cer MgzMgz _jbgoalapgpaeh, vv( ?1, 44(7; N( E( Merpeh pe B( V( Bgll, 70(2(71:4, DE 2??%31;9 Mah( ec mpk( ec Ijhqg Ahpjllakjhdj Demmappjj, ?: Mgrdb 71:4, 7:%;%71:4,
[E ?;3%3? V_E, Jrtiahj pe bat {acj, ; Mgrdb 71:0, J_TIAHJ 7%;% ;:%740 A[M
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
7/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( ;
dehsahdj` pbj Orapatb {jrj pbgp Ijhqg+t tpgolj czpzrj `jvjh`j` eh Jzrevjgh ljg`jrtbav
gh` kza`ghdj(72 Gcradgh `jmgh`t cer velapadgl g`sghdjmjhp, ljp glehj velapadgl jwzglapq,
mjrapj` lapplj ozp at`gah(71
Pbj rjojllaeh glte cappj` og`lq ahpe pbj ghpa-demmzhatp bqtpjrag( Pbjrj {jrj he
demmzhatpt ah Ijhqg( Pbj Ijhqgh g`mahatprgpaeh bg` pe mgij `e {apb g satap ec Neme
Ijhqgppg, pbj glljkj` ljg`jr ec pbj Mgz Mgz, pe Metde{ pe bahp gp pbj velapadgl delezr ec
pbj prezoljmgijrt(?6 Pbj ehlq jvrjttaeh ec Jgtp-[jtp pjhtaeht dgmj ah pbj {jll-
jvjdpj` parg`j gkgahtp Orapgah crem dezhprajt laij pbj Tesajp Zhaeh, Ah`ag gh` Jkqvp( ?7
Orapgah oerj ap wzapj tpeadgllq(
Glpbezkb pbj Orapatb vzolad {gt ahcermj`, pbj tjsjrapq ec pbj tzvvrjttaeh ljcp
pbjm zhvjrpzroj` cer g lehk pamj( [balj pbj cakbpahk {gt keahk eh, pbjrj {gt lapplj
ah`adgpaeh pbgp pbj `gqt ec Jmvarj {jrj demahk pe gh jh`( Ghpa-amvjragl vjrae`adglt gh`
velapadaght {jrj sedgl gkgahtp pbj `jpgahjj veladq crem jgrlq eh gh` vresa`j` pbj
vlgpcerm {bjrj drapadatm gkgahtp pbj Mgz Mgz dezhpjrahtzrkjhdq er apt amvladgpaeh {gt
ijvp glasj( Pbj @galq Marrer pbgp pbezkbp pbj tzvvrjttaeh orzpgl gh` tjlc-`gmgkahk glte
gkrjj` pbgp Mgz Mgz {jrj kzalpq ec +ojgtplq gpredapajt+(??
Gt jgrlq gt @jdjmojr 71:4, pbj Ijhqg Demmappjj cer @jmedrgpad _akbpt cer
Ijhqg Gcradght erkghatj` g `gq ec hgpaehgl vrepjtp gkgahtp pbj +kre{ahk mgttgdrj+ gh`
72 Gh` Gmjradgh glte> G``rjtt oq N(D( Tgppjrpb{gapj, Gttatpghp Tjdrj pgrq ec Tpgpj cer Gcradgh Gccgart, ojcerj pbj [jtpjrh_jkaehgl Gttjmolq, Lgij Grre{bjg`, 1 Edp(71:2, ah@edzmjhpt eh Gmjradgh Cerjakh _jlgpaehtY@GC_], 71:2, V(J( ^ahhjr"j`(!,
H(Q(, 71:1, v( 42171 +g veer lep+, {gt {bgp Lqppjlpeh dgllj` pbjm, Pjljk( Lqppjlpeh pe VM, 7: Mgrdb 71:0, V_JM 77% 313 V_E(?6 Mjme oq Tjdzrapq Lagateh Eccadjr pe pbj Ijhqg Ahpjllakjhdj demmappjj, ? Mgrdb 71:4, [E?;3%3? tjj glte g vgvjr pbgp
prgsjrtjt pbj batperq ec Demmzhatp dehpgdpt {apb Ijhqg, M(D( Mghoq, `arjdper ec Ahpjllakjhdj, ?2 Hes( 713?, Mtt( Gcr( t( ?7:1oe ?%?, _B?7 Mgz Mgz ah Tesajp vrjtt ? Mgrdb 71:4 [E ?;3%3? 46 Nzhj 71:4 CE 4;7%76?:3? gh` glte 71:; DE 2??%7??; V_E(?? /+@g``q [ezl`h+p Ozq Mj g Mgz Mgz+, Pbj Orapatb Vevzlgr Vrjtt # pbj @jmergla~gpaeh ec Jmvarj/, Mgz Mgz # Hgpaehglatm, J (
T( Gpajhe E`bagmoe gh` Nebh Leht`glj "j`(!"Ecer`, Hgareoa, ?664!, vv( ?42-?07(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
8/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( 2
dgllj` cer gh jh` pe pbj cakbpahk(?4 Ah 71::, {bjh pbj calm Tamog {gt rjljgtj`, pbj
Ijhqg Demmappjj peei dgrj pe derrjdp pbj vadperagl amgkj ec pbj Gcradgh tprzkklj gh` pbj
Gcradgh vzolad( Pbj Gcradgh Ozlljpahgh` pbj Gcradgh @akjtp{jrj jsjh tbgrvjr, tvjgiahk
ec 7,?:6,7?6 Gcradght iallj` er `jpgahj` tahdj pbj `jdlgrgpaeh ec pbj tpgpj ec
Jmjrkjhdq( Pbj demmappjj {gt tzrjlq g{grj pbgp pbj hzmojr `jpgahj` {gt cgr krjgpjr
pbgh pbj hzmojr iallj` ozp demoahj` pbj hzmojrt cer velapadgl jccjdp( Ah g tamalgr sjah,
ehj ljgcljp dapj` g dljrkqmght rjszltaeh gp pbj bgrtb deh`apaeht ah pbj `jpgahjj dgmvt>
Dgh {j gkrjj pe Orapatb Ojl~jht ah Ijhqg5?0 Pe oj tzrj, pbjtj seadjt {jrj hep sjrq
hzmjrezt, gh` temjpamjt gt drapadgl ec pbj Lgoezr Vgrpq+t pee-pama` rjgdpaeht gt ec pbj
kesjrhmjhp(?: Pbj tmgll gh` velapadgllq dehpgahj` drapadatm glte mgrkahglatj` ap( Pbj
sarpzgl taljhdj ec pbj kjhjrgl vzolad {gt jsa`jhdj ec be{ {a`jlq pbj kesjrhmjhpt saj{
ec pbj rjojllaeh {gt gddjvpj`(?3
Mgz Mgz _jdehtprzdpj`
Pbj Mgz Mgz pzrhj` ezp pe oj g wzglacaj` tzddjtt, be{jsjr, ac ehlq ojdgztj pbj
demogpghpt rjcztj` pe g`map jcjgp( Mgz Mgz gh` epbjr Gcradght ojlajsj` pbgp pbj mjrj
tzrsasgl ec pbj mesjmjhp {gt g takh ec sadperq( M+pbjhkj, ehj ec pbj cerjtp ljg`jrt, pel`
bat tel`ajrt pbgp jsjh ehj tahklj tel`ajr dezl` orahk pbj jhparj Orapatb grmq pe apt ihjjt
oq bat vjrtjsjrghdj(?; Hjj`ljtt pe tgq, pbj Orapatb cgalj` pe tbgrj bat evahaeh( Ah lgpj
?4 Dardzlgr, oq C( Lgtia, dbgarvjrteh, 7;(4(71:0, K :47 GHPA TLGSJ_Q TEDAJPQ, _B(?0 Gcradgh Ozlljpah, Sel( ?, He( 77, Hes( 71::, v( ?6, Mtt( Orap( Jmv( t( ??, K :41, GHPA TLGSJ_Q TEDAJPQ, _B9 dardzlgr, 7:Tjvp( 71:0, Mtt( Orap( Jmv( t( ??, K :47, tjj glte Ljgcljp, Cjo( 71::, Mtt( Orap ( Jmv( t( ??, K :40, GHPA TLGSJ_Q TEDAJPQ,_B?: @rgcp ec gh grpadlj gh` g ljppjr oq Demmgh`jr P( Ce-Vapp pe J`aper ec Hj{ Tpgpjtmgh gh` Hgpaeh, 76 Mgrdb 71:3, Mtt( Orap(Jmv( t( ??, K :4;, GHPA TLGSJ_Q TEDAJPQ?3 Jliaht, Amvjragl _jdiehahk, vv( 46;-462?; @( L( Ogrhjpp gh` I( Hngmg, Mgz Mgz crem [apbah( Gzpeoaekrgvbq gh` Ghglqtat ec Ijhqgt Vjgtjhp _jselp "Leh`eh, 7133!, vv (
0?4-0?0(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
9/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( 1
71::, Lajzpjhghp Kjhjrgl K(L( Lgpbozrq cjlp tzrj jhezkb ec tzvrjmgdq pe rj`zdj pbj
grmq cerdjt pe glmetp vrj-Mgz Mgz ljsjlt(?2 Hjsjrpbjljtt, bj {grhj` pbgp g rjhj{gl ec
pbj tpgpj ec Jmjrkjhdq tbezl` hjsjr oj dehta`jrj` g lehk tbep gh` pbjrjcerj
rjdemmjh`j` ljgsahk pbj rjmgahahk cerdjt zh`jr [gr Eccadj g`mahatprgpaeh( ?1
Crem pbat veahp eh, temjpbahk rgpbjr vjdzlagr ojkgh pe bgvvjh( Pbj Mgz Mgz
ojdgmj gh jsjr-lzriahk pbrjgp( Ap ojdgmj g kbetp bgzhpahk pbj delehagl kesjrhmjhp ah
Ijhqg gh`, pbrezkb pbjm, pbj Orapatb dgoahjp( Ap ojdgmj pbj qgr`tpadi, g vgrg`akm, cer
czpzrj prezolj temjpbahk pe oj `rjg`j` {bjh `jglahk {apb epbjr delehajt gh` epbjr
`ater`jrt( Ap besjrj` laij g tbg`e{ pbgp makbp oj rjpzrh jltj{bjrj gh` rjwzarj g
tamalgrlq /`arpq/ tzvvrjttaeh(
Ah Ijhqg, pbj all-cgpj` a`jhpacadgpaeh ec pbj Mgz Mgz {apb pbj velapadgl mesjmjhp
jhtzrj` apt demjogdi pe oj`jsal gh` reo pbj Orapatb ec pbj crzapt ec pbj
dezhpjrahtzrkjhdq+t tzddjtt( Pbzt, g tzddjttczl gdp ec velapadgl vrepjtp {gt g dljgr takh
cer pbetj eh pbj leeiezp cer Mgz Mgzt( Ah 71:2, pbj oeqdepp gkgahtp pbj oztjt gh`
gkgahtp dakgrjppjt gh` ojjr "?;?1 Mgq! dgllj` oq Pem Moeqg, kjhjrgl tjdrjpgrq ec pbj
Ijhqg Cj`jrgpaeh ec Lgoezr, vresj` tzddjttczl( Glpbezkb pbat gh` epbjr oeqdeppt {jrj
hep saeljhp gh` dgrraj` ezp +{apb lapplj er he ahpama`gpaeh+, ahpjllakjhdj rjverpt rjlgpj` pbj
tzddjtt gp ljgtp ah vgrp pe mjmerajt ec pbj Mgz Mgz gh` Mgz Mgzjhcerdj` `atdavlahj(
Gdder ahk pe M(D( Mghoq, `arjdper ec Ahpjllakjhdj, +pbj Gcradgh, gt g rjtzlp ec Mgz Mgz,
at tpall sjrq dehtdaezt ec pbj vettaolj dehtjwzjhdjt ec hep ojahk /ghpa-Kesjrhmjhp/+(
Ehdj rjtjmolghdj pe Mgz Mgz {gt tzvvetj`lq jtpgolatbj`, ahpjllakjhdj eccadaglt
?2 @jcjhdj Demmappjj 77pb Mjjpahk, mah 4, 71 Edp( 71::, @D"::!, DGO747%73 V_E(?1 Lgpbozrq pe pbj Zh`jr Tjdrjpgrq ec Tpgpj [E, 7? @jd( 71:: [E?;3%2 V_E(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
10/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( 76
jvjdpj` pbj oeqdeppt pe oj celle{j`, laij ah pbj cartp rjojllaeh, oq dasal `ateoj`ajhdj,
grteh, gh` tgoepgkj(46
Delehagl Tjdrjpgrq, Gllgh Ljhhe-Oeq` pbezkbp ap {gt vramgralq g {gr ec hjrsjt(
Czrpbjrmerj, bj gttjttj` pbj ahda`jhpt pbjmtjlsjt gt +maher ah dbgrgdpjr+( Be{jsjr,
pbjq gttzmj` g pbrjgpjhahk wzglapq ah g vetp-Mgz Mgz dehpjp> Bj dehta`jrj` pbjm
+tpraiahklq rjmahatdjhp ec ahda`jhpt {badb {jrj pgiahk vlgdj ojcerj pbj Mgz Mgz rjojllaeh
oreij ezp+(47 Hep ehlq {gt bj zvkrg`ahk pbj Mgz Mgz vetpbzmeztlq pe g rjojllaeh, ozp ap
glte ojdgmj pbj qgr`tpadi gkgahtp {badb epbjr vettaolj `atpzroghdjt {jrj mjgtzrj`(
Ljhhe-Oeq`, `jpjrmahj` ojlajsjr ah pbj mzlpargdagl telzpaeh pbgp bj {gt, ojdgmj
dehsahdj` pbgp dehpahzgpaeh ec pbj tpgpzt wze {gt jvletasj, jsjh ac bj {gt dehca`jhp
pbgp Ijhqg dezl` +`jgl {apb g tjraezt pbrjgp pe er`jr+(4? Pbjrj {gt g lzriahk cjgr pbgp
prezoljt ah ehj delehq {ezl` tjp ecc `atpzroghdjt ah ghepbjr, japbjr ojdgztj pbjq {jrj
de-er`ahgpj` oq Gcradgh Hgpaehglatpt /gamj` gp tzosjrpahk Orapatb gzpberapq ah oepb
Djhprgl gh` Jgtp Gcradg/ er ojdgztj pbjrj {jrj vepjhpagl pbrjgpt pe er`jr gratahk crem
pbj `emjtpad velapadgl tapzgpaeh ah jgdb/( Prezoljt ah Pghkghqaig {ezl` tjp ecc
`jmehtprgpaeht ah Hgareoa(44
Pbj Belg dgmv ahda`jhp gh` Hqgtglgh` Jmjrkjhdq glte dehpraozpj` pe pbj
czrpbjr ozal`ahk zv ec pbj hakbpmgrj( Pe pbj dgoahjp, pbj lgppjr jtvjdagllq dehnzrj`
mjmerajt ec pbj Mgz Mgz gt g `rjg`j` zvratahk pbgp {ezl` ahselsj g
dezhpjrahtzrkjhdq `rgtpad pamjt dgllahk cer `rgtpad mjgtzrjt mzdb laij pbj Ah`agh
46 Mghoq, Orajc cer DEVDEH ?2, 7 Cjo( 46 Mgq 71:2, v( 4, gh` Mjme gh` Ghhj eh Vetapasj Gdpaeh ah Ijhqg, 7? Hes( 71:2,Mtt Gcr( t( ?7:1, MGHOQ, oe ?%?, _B(47 Mjme( oq G( Ljhhe-Oeq`, Delehagl Tjdrjpgrq, +Tjdzrapq Mjgtzrjt ah Ijhqg+, pbj : Mgrdb 71:1 D":1!0?, DGO 7?1%13 V_E(4? Mjme oq Ljhhe-Oeq`, eh pbj Czpzrj Veladq ah Jgtp Gcradg, 76 Gvral 71:1, DVD":1!?, v( 4, vgrg( ;, v( 0, vgrg( 2-1 DGO740%7::2, V_9 Glte mjme oq Delehagl Eccadj pe pbj Gcradg Eccadagl Demmappjj, eh pbj Vretvjdpt cer pbj Gcradgh Pjrraperajt cer[badb pbj Delehagl Eccadj at _jtvehtaolj, vgrg( 3, Ngh 71:1 GC":1!:, DGO740%74:4, V_E(44 Mjme oq Ljhhe-Oeq`, /Vettaoalapq ec @atpzroghdjt ah Jgtp Gcradg/, 7? Mgrdb 71:1 D":1!:3 DGO 7?1%1; V_E(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
11/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( 77
mzpahq lehk ojcerj( Pbzt, ap {gt bevj` pbgp pbj tpradp drapadatm ec pbj @jslah rjverp eh pbj
Hqgtglgh` Jmjrkjhdq {ezl` oj `jcljdpj` oq g demvgrateh {apb vrjsaezt jvjrajhdjt(
Te pbj dgoahjp mztj`> +g demvgrateh makbp oj `rg{h {apb pbj Mgz Mgz Ahtzrrjdpaeh ah
Ijhqg gh` vettaolq {apb pbj Ah`agh Mzpahq+(40 Pbj dehhjdpaeh ojp{jjh pbj p{e
jmjrkjhdajt {gt glrjg`q +pbezkbp dehsjhajhp+ {bjh pbj @jslah rjverp, pbj rjverp eh pbj
`atdavlahgrq vredjj`ahkt celle{ahk pbj ahda`jhp gp pbj Belg dgmv, gh` g rjlgpj` `atvgpdb
crem pbj Kesjrher ec Ijhqg {jrj vzolatbj` pekjpbjr(4:
Pbj a`jg pbzt dehnzrj` {gt hep rjlahwzatbj` zhpal pbj lgtp `gqt ec delehagl rzlj(
@zrahk 7136, g hjrsezt delehagl jtpgolatbmjhp `atdesjrj` ghepbjr +rjtzrkjhdj ec Mgz
Mgz+ ah pbj Ijhqg Lgh` Crjj`em Grmq( Pbat pamj pbj rjtjmolghdj lgq glte ah pbj
hgmj pbgp @j`gh Iamgpba bg` ztj` ojcerj {bjh bj bg` praj` pe tjp zv g de-er`ahgpahk
oe`q cer pbj Mgz Mgz( Pbj delehagl g`mahatprgpaeh dehta`jrj` pbj hj{ erkghatgpaeh
hje-Mgz Mgz gh` gt malapghp gt apt vrjdzrter( Pbjrj {jrj glgrmahk vrj`adpaeht ec cerjtp
cakbpahk gh` ahpjr-praogl zhrjtp( Ah tvapj ec pbj tamalgrapajt, przj gh` amgkahgrq, pbj glgrmt
gkgah vresj` zhtzotpghpagpj`> pbj erkghatgpaeh {gt oreijh zv `zrahk g orajc evjrgpaeh
"?3 Mgrdb pe 46 Gvral 7134!(43 Leh`eh ojdgmj merj glgrmatp pbgh Ijhqg> Ap {gt Jrad
Kraccapb-Nehjt, pbj Gpperhjq Kjhjrgl gh` gdpahk kesjrher, {be rjgttzrj` pbj delehagl
40 Dgoahjp dehdlztaeht, ?6 Nzlq 71:1, DD":1!04 DGO 7?2%44 V_E(4: Dgoahjp dehdlztaeht, 73 Nzlq 71:1, DD":1!0? DGO 7?2%44 V_E( Vevzlgr vrjtt glte bg` tamalgr gttedagpaeht> @galq Marrer, 0Mgrdb 71:1, dap ah Neghhg Lj{at, /Pbj Orapatb Vevzlgr Vrjtt/, v( ?04(43 Mghoq ah g Dardzlgr cer Tvjdagl Orghdb, 7; Mgq 713?, Mtt( Gcr( t( ?7:1 Oe 7%4 MGHOQ9 tjj glte, rjverpt oq Mghoq, ojp{jjh
1 Tjvp(7136 pe 47 Mgq 7134, aoa`, oe ?%4, _jverp, 7 Cjo(-47 Gzk( 713?, aoa`, oe ?%7, Nebh Tpehjbeztj, MV, dgllj` cer gtdajhpacad jhwzarq ac ah`jj` pbj mesjmjhp {gt /g rjtzrkjhdj ec Mgz Mgz/( Mtt( Orap( Jmv( t( ??, K :03, GHPA TLGSJ_QTEDAJPQ, _B( P( Igheke,Twzgppjrt gh` pbj _eept ec Mgz Mgz "Leh`eh, 712;!, vv( 730-7319 @(G( Vjrde, +Ahpjrhgl Tjdzrapqgh` @jdeleha~gpaeh ah Ijhqg, 71:3-7134+, Pbj Nezrhgl ec Amvjragl gh` Demmeh{jglpb Batperq, a vp 7 "?667!, vv( 11-766(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
12/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( 7?
eccadj(4; Jsjh {bjh ahpjllakjhdj rjsjglj` pbj `accjrjhdj ojp{jjh pbj erakahgl gh` pbj
hj{ krezvt gh` eddzrrjhdjt, pbj hgmj Mgz Mgz tpzdi(42
Tmgll {eh`jr pbjh, pbgp oq 7137, Mgz Mgz {gt gt kee` gt gh ah`jvjh`jhp
dehdjvp( [bjh Vramj Mahatpjr Bgrel` Mgdmallgh {gt dehpjmvlgpahk pbj `rg{ogdit ec
bel`ahk ogdi ah`jvjh`jhdj cer Ijhqg gt demvgrj` pe pbj `rg{ogdit ec mesahk gbjg`,
bj {gt hep pbahiahk ec ghq vgrpadzlgr `atpzroghdjt, ljp glehj ghq tvjdacad ghpa-Orapatb
mesjmjhp( Gh` qjp bj ojlajsj` pbgp +ac {j bel` eh, ap {all mjgh g lehk gh` drzjl
dgmvgakh Mgz Mgz gh` gll pbgp(+41
Pbj Orapatb Eccadagl Mah` @asa`j`
Pbj glgrmahk saj{ ec pbj tjdzrapq tapzgpaeh ah Ijhqg bg` merj pe `e {apb vgtp
vjrdjvpaeht pbgh {apb vrjtjhp cgdpt( Ap at bgr` pe jtpgolatb pbj cgdp ec g rjgl {ertjhahk ec
pbj tjdzrapq tapzgpaeh gp pbj jh` ec pbj 71:6t, metplq ojdgztj ahtpgoalapq {gt g ozalp-ah
deh`apaeh ah Ijhqg, pbj Mgz Mgz tamvlq gh ezptpgh`ahk zvtzrkj( Oj pbgp gt ap mgq, pbj
jtpgolatbmjhp+t rjvjgpj` rjcjrjhdj pe mjmerajt ec pbj Mgz Mgz drjgpj` pbj Mgz Mgz
kbetp ah pbj delehagl mah`(06
Ah 7116 Nebh Leht`glj neahj` g lehk latp ec tdbelgrt {be tpresj pe gttjtt pbj
Mgz Mgz crem pbj velapadgl gt {jll gt pbj malapgrq veahp ec saj{( Be{jsjr, bj lamapj` bat
rjtjgrdb pe pbj vjrae` ec pbj rjojllaeh aptjlc( Bj dljgrlq jvrjttj` pbat vgrgmjpjr oq
4; Vjrde, +Ahpjrhgl Tjdzrapq+, vv( 762-142 M(D( Mghoq, `arjdper ec Ahpjllakjhdj, rjkaehglatpaeh gh` Mgahpjhghdj ec Lg{ gh` Er`jr, Lgtp _jsaj{, Gzk( 7134, eh pbj`accjrjhdj( [apbah pbj tgmj rjsaj{ g dardzlgr cer Tvjdagl Orghdb, 7; Mgq 713?, hgmjt /hje Mgz Mgz/ gh ahpjllakjhdj pgrkjp( MttGcr( t( ?7:1, MGHOQ, oe 7%4, gh` ah cezr rjverpt ojp{jjh 1 Tjvp( 7136 pe 47 Mgq 7134, dbjdiahk rjtzrkjhdjt ec Mgz Mgz,
aoa`, oe ?%4, _B(_B41 Mgdmallght `agrq jhprq cer 71 @jd( 7137 dap ah bat mjmeart, Mgdmallgh, Gp pbj Jh` ec pbj @gq, 7137-7134"Leh`eh, 71;4!, v(?17(06 Pbj evvetapj dgtj at mg`j oq Vjrde, /Ahpjrhgl Tjdzrapq/, pbrezkbezp pbj grpadlj, ozp bj glte tbe{t pbgp pbjtj vbjhemjheh
{jrj jgtalq esjrdemj(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
13/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( 74
`atgse{ahk ghq gppjmvp pe jvlgah pbj dehhjdpaeh ojp{jjh pbj Mgz Mgz gh`
`jdelehatgpaeh ah bat tpz`q( Pbj cgdp pbgp pbj p{e tzonjdpt dghhep oj jhparjlq `aserdj` at
vresj` oq pbj rjdzrrahk rjcjrjhdjt pe pbj `jdelehatgpaeh vjrae` ah pbgp tgmj grpadlj(07
Nztp gt pbj erakahgl vbjhemjheh jhkjh`jrj` `accjrjhp +Mgz Mgzt ec pbj mah`+
"Leht`gljt pjrm! gdder`ahk pe pbj velapadgl ojlajct gh` keglt ec pbj sgraezt vgrpajt {be
{jrj ahselsj`, te `a` pbj kbetplq pbrjgp( @accjrjhp velapadgl vzrvetjt zh`jrlgq
vjrdjvpaeht ec pbj Mgz Mgz gvvgrapaeh( Pbj Ijhqg Jzrevjght gh` jsjh pbj delehagl
kesjrhmjhp bg` `accjrjhp vzrvetjt pbgh pbetj ec Orapgah( Pbj a`jgt ec Mgdmallgh, gh`
Agah Mgdlje` gt Delehagl Tjdrjpgrq `accjrj` crem pbetj ec Ljhhe-Oeq`( Pbj Cerjakh
Eccadj gh` pbj Demmeh{jglpb _jlgpaeht Eccadj bg` g `accjrjhp saj{ ec pbj {erl` pbgh
pbgp ec pbj grmq(
Cer pbetj {be tzvverpj` pbj a`jg ec g mzlpargdagl tedajpq ah Ijhqg er ah Leh`eh,
pbj rjgvvjgrghdj ec pbj Mgz Mgz {gt jgtalq vrj`adpj`( Zhpal 71:1 g mzlpargdagl tedajpq
{gt pbj kegl ec Orapatb veladq ah Ijhqg, glpbezkb Ljhhe-Oeq` {gt g{grj pbgp pbat
vetapaeh {gt hep wzapj gddjvpgolj pe pbj jprjmatpt gmehk pbj tjppljrt( Bj glte pbezkbp
pbgp pbj dehtpapzpaehgl dbghkjt ec 71:; bg` +pbj sarpzjt ec vlgdahk g ogrrajr eh pbj
drjgpaeh ec czrpbjr demmzhgl dehtpapzjhdajt gh` dletahk pbj `eer pe pbj rgdaglatp
g`sghdj ec Gcradgh hzmojrt+(0? G dehpahzgpaeh ec pbj vretdravpaeh ec pbj IGZ gh` ghq
epbjr hgpaehgl Gcradgh erkghatgpaeh {gt vgrp gh` vgrdjl ec pbat veladq(
Pbj glgrm gp pbj Delehagl Eccadj gh` ah pbj Ijhqg kesjrhmjhp mgahlq rjcljdpj`
pbj vredjtt ec rg`adglatgpaeh pbgp pbj Gcradgh vzolad {gt jvjrajhdahk( Pbat vredjtt at
07 N( Leht`glj, /Mgz Mgzt ec pbj Mah`> Mgiahk Mgz Mgz gh` _jmgiahk Ijhqg/, Pbj Nezrhgl ec Gcradgh Batperq, a vp 4 "7116!,vv( 414-0?7( jtvjdagllq, v( 06:(0? Mjme( Oq Ljhhe-Oeq`, 74 Hes( 71:;, D":;!?33 DGO 7?1%16, v( ?( G Delehagl Eccadj eccadagl jmvbgtatj`> +[bgp {j rjgllq{ghp pe `e at pe jhtzrj pbgp pbj maherapajt eopgah hep vreverpaehgpj ozp `atvreverpaehgpj rjvrjtjhpgpaeh ah jjdzpasj gh` ah
ljkatlgpzrj+, wzepj` oq, Iqlj, Pbj velapadt ec Ah`jvjh`jhdj , v( 31(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
14/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( 70
ojtp `jmehtprgpj` oq pbj ahapagl gddjvpghdj ec pbj vrahdavlj ec mzlpargdaglatm ah 71:? oq
pbj jljdpj` Gcradgh rjvrjtjhpgpasjt pe czll rjnjdpaeh ec ap oq 71:1(04 Ap mg`j pbj Orapatb
rjglatj pbgp gcpjr Mgz Mgz, pbj dbglljhkj {gt he lehkjr g mgppjr ec gdbajsahk Gcradgh
vgrpadavgpaeh ah pbj kesjrhghdj ec Ijhqg ozp ahtpjg` `jglahk {apb Gcradgh `emahgpaeh ec
ap(
Qjp pbat rg`adglatgpaeh `a` hep tpjm crem Mgz Mgz g`bjrjhpt er crem Mgz Mgz
velapadgl tzddjtt( Ahtpjg`, pbj jvlghgpaeh dgh oj cezh` ah prg`apaehgl pbjerajt
dehhjdpahk ratahk hgpaehgl tjhpamjhp {apb g kre{ahk oezrkjeataj( Pbj Gcradgh
oezrkjeataj bg` ojjh kre{ahk gt g rjtzlp ec jdehemad gh` tedagl dbghkjt tahdj [erl`
[gr AA, gh` czrpbjr jccerpt gh` ahsjtpmjhpt mg`j `zrahk pbj dezhpjrahtzrkjhdq ehlq
gddjljrgpj` ap( Gh glpjrhgpasj pbjerq cah`t rg`adglatgpaeh dehhjdpj` pe pbj hj{ tjhtj ec
ve{jr pbgp pbj Mgz Mgz orezkbp pe Gcradght ozp {apbezp g dehpahzgpaeh ec saeljhdj(00
Glpbezkb rg`adglatgpaeh {gt hep vreec ec pbj `rjg`j` rjhj{gl ec Mgz Mgz, pghkaolj
vreec {gt pbjrj cer pbetj {be leeij` cer ap( Jsjh {bjh gdpasj cakbpahk {gt esjr, Mgz
Mgz bgr`lq `atgvvjgrj`( Pbj lgrkj hzmojr ec `jpgahjjt vresa`j` dehtpghp vreec9 mghq
Iaizqz {jrj `jpgahj` nztp pe `jdrjgtj pbj betpalj vevzlgpaeh(0: Ah rjgdpaeh gkgahtp pbj
kesjrhmjhpt veladq ec dehprel gh` `atdavlahj, pbjtj dgmvt ojdgmj hj{ sjhzjt cer pbj
Mgz Mgz tprzkklj( Belg dgmv {gt ehj ec tjsjrgl `jpjhpaeh dgmvt {eriahk gdder`ahk
pe pbj De{gh vlgh ec rjbgoalapgpaeh oq {eri g vlgh oq {badb tjsjhpq pbeztgh`
04 Vrjtt Demmzhawz oq Gcradgh Mjmojrt, 70 Gvral 71:3, K :00, GHPA TLGSJ_Q9Ijhqg Cj`jrgpaeh ec Lgoezr, 74 Cjo( 71:3,ah Mtt( Orap( Jmv( t( 43:, 7?6%7 CDO9 Jjdzpasj Demmappjj ec pbj Gcradg Ozrjgz, Veladq cer Ijhqg, zveh pbj Dehcjrjhdj eh
Ijhqg bjl` oq pbj Gcradg Ozrjgz eh 7? Mgq 71:3, Mtt( Orap( Jmv( t( ??, K:4; GC_ADG OZ_JGZ, _B, Jliah, Amvjragl_jdiehahk, v( 4:; gttjttjt pbgp pbj tprzkklj gkgahtp pbj `jpgahjjt +tbgvj` ve{jr nztp gt mzdb gt Orapatb Ve{jr tbgvj` pbjarrjtatpghdj+(00 O( G( Ekep gh` P( ^jlj~g, Ijhqg> Pbj _eg` pe Ah`jvjh`jhdj gh` Gcpjr, @jdeleha~gpaeh gh` Gcradgh Ah`jvjh`jhdj( PbjPrghtcjrt ec Ve{jr, 7136-7126 "Leh`eh, 7122!, vv( 06?-2( Mgahg-[g- Iahqgppa, Mgz Mgz> Pbj Vjgi ec Gcradgh Hgpaehglatm ahIjhqg, Ijhqg Batperadgl _jsaj{, s, ?"71;;!, v(766( Jjdzpasj Demmappjj ec pbj Gcradg Ozrjgz, Veladq cer Ijhqg, zveh pbjDehcjrjhdj eh Ijhqg bjl` oq pbj Gcradg Ozrjgz eh 7? Mgq 71:3, Mtt( Orap( Jmv( t( ??% K:4; Gcradg Ozrjgz, _B(0: Vgrpadzlgrlq `zrahk evjrgpaeh Ghsal> Jrtiahj, Dehca`jhpagl Ghhj pe DET":0!77pb Mjjpahk Mah(, 0, 4(?(71:0, @JCJ 0%32 V_E(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
15/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( 7:
`jpgahjjt {jrj vredjttj`, ljgsahk ehj pbeztgh` /bgr`derj/ {be mesj` pbj Mgz Mgz
tprzkklj ahpe pbj dgmvt( Gt lehk gt pbj tprzkklj {gt prjgpj` gt g mglg`q pe oj dzrj`
rgpbjr pbgh g velapadgl tprzkklj, pbj dgmvt {jrj oezh` pe jh`zrj gt djhprjt ec
rjtjhpmjhp(03
Dehpahzgpaeh ec pbj dgmv tqtpjm ijvp pbj Mgz Mgz keahk cer Orapatb, Ijhqg-
Jzrevjgh gh` Gcradght glaij( Delehagl eccadaglt gp gll ljsjlt {jrj dehpahzgllq tprzkklahk pe
+rjbgoalapgpj+ gh` mgij esjr pbj Mgz Mgz mjmojrt ahpe ah`asa`zglt {be deevjrgpj`
{apb pbj kesjrhmjhp, ozp pbjq drjgpj` pbjar e{h hjmjtat ahtpjg`( Pbjq {jrj g{grj ec
pbj eh-keahk Mgz Mgz tprzkklj ojbah` pbj ogroj` {arj, qjp pbjq {jrj glte g{grj pbgp ap
{ezl` hep gvvjgr drj`aolj pe epbjrt( Pbj `jpgahjj dgmvt {jrj saelgpaeht ec pbj Bzmgh
_akbpt Dehsjhpaeh gt {jll gt pbj ALD Cerdj` Lgoezr Dehsjhpaeh ec 7146( Etpjhtaolq pbj
krezh`t cer pbjtj saelgpaeht {jrj pbgp pbj Orapatb ojlajsj` pbgp prezolj dezl` ozal` zv ah g
memjhp jtvapj pbj tjjmahk prghwzallapq ah Ijhqg( 0;
Eh pbj ezpta`j, ap {gt he ojppjr( G`bjrjhpt {jrj hjsjr dgzkbp pe pbj lgtp mgh(
Tvjdagl Orghdb mehpblq gttjttmjhpt ec pbj cgllahk hzmojr ec Mgz Mgz pjrreratpt tpall
crjj tbe{j` hjapbjr gddzrgdq her ghq takh ec `atgvvjgrghdj(02 Pbzt eh Ngh( 71:2, g
rjverp eh Mgz Mgz egpbahk djrjmehajt ah pbj Mjrz @atpradp ah ledgpaeht vrjsaeztlq
zhgccjdpj` {gt dehta`jrj` jprjmjlq tjraezt ojdgztj pbjq {jhp eh dehpahzeztlq
`zrahk 71:;, vadij` zv krjgpjr tvjj` lgpjr ah pbj qjgr, gh` {jrj +pqvadgllq Mgz Mgz
{apb ledgl Mjrz jmojllatbmjhpt+( Ozp jsjh pbjh pbj rjverp {gt ijvp gp g le{jr eccadagl
03 Jliaht, Amvjragl _jdiehahk, vv( 71?-?4?(0; @(K( Ker`eh-Tmapb, eh ojbglc ec B( Tpjjl, DE pe C(G( Sgllgp, @jvzpq Ljkgl G`satjr, CE, ?0 Gvral 71:;9 Sgllgp pe Tpjjl ?2 Mgq71:;, DE 2??%773; V_E(02 Tvjdagl Orghdb bjg`wzgrpjrt pe Tjhaer Tzvjrahpjh`jhp ec Veladj : Ngh pe 3 @jd( 71:3, [E?;3%:?1
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
16/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( 73
ljsjl(01 Lgpjr ah @jdjmojr g mjmergh`zm oq pbj Jzrevjgh mahatpjr {apbezp verpcelae
{grhj` gkgahtp g cerpbdemahk `jpjraergpaeh ah ahpjr-rgdagl rjlgpaeht gh` tzkkjtpj`
gljrpahk pbj Bemj Kzgr` ah er`jr pe gsea` g rjvjpapaeh ec pbj jvjrajhdj +`zrahk pbj Mgz
Mgz+ {bjh pbj ozal`-zv ec pbj tqtpjm peei tzdb g lehk pamj(:6
Ijhqg tjhp pbjtj tpgpatpadt eh pe pbj Mahatprq ec @jcjhdj( Eddgtaehgllq, {bjh
prezolj tjjmj` pe orj{ merj tjraeztlq, pbj ahcermgpaeh {ezl` oj tjhp eh pe pbj Delehagl
Eccadj( Lapplj gppjhpaeh {gt vga`9 pbjrj at he jsa`jhdj pbgp pbjq rjgdbj` pbj tjdrjpgrajt
ec tpgpj ec japbjr `jvgrpmjhp( Pbat mgq bgsj vresa`j` tbg`e{t ozp hep pbj kbetp( Ah
tvapj ec gll pbj ghajpq pbgp {gt ozal`ahk zv, oq ma` 71:1 pbj delehagl g`mahatprgpaeh
dezl` hep jhsatgkj ah`jvjh`jhdj cer Ijhqg ojcerj 71;:(:7
Ah`jj`, pbjtj lgpjtp pbrjgpt {jrj hepbahk laij pbj erakahgl Mgz Mgz rjojllaeh( Ac
pbjrj bg` ojjh g rjgl pbrjgp, tzrjlq pbj grmq {ezl` bgsj ojjh pbj cartp pe tezh` pbj
glgrm( Pbj rjgteh pbj dezhprq+t grmj` cerdjt bg` ojjh ljcp zh`jr [gr Eccadj demmgh`
{gt pe jhtzrj g wzadi gljrp gh` erkghatgpaeh ah dgtj ec gh jmjrkjhdq(:? Merjesjr, nztp
gt velapadaght {jrj ojdemahk {erraj` pbgp Gcradgh gtvargpaeht makbp ljg` pe g rjhj{j`
olee`ogpb, pbj grmq {gt dehta`jrahk pbj ozal`ahk ec g hj{ ogtj( Ah`jj` ah 71:2, pbj
grmq+t vlght rjcljdpj` g rjhj{j` rjdekhapaeh ec pbj hjdjttapq ec vlgdahk vgrp ec pbj
Djhprgl Tprgpjkad _jtjrsj dletj pe pbj mgah pbjgprjt ec gdpaeh> pbj Ma``lj Jgtp gh` pbj
Vjrtagh Kzlc(:4 Oq @jdjmojr 7136, pbj dbajct ec tpgcc `jtdraoj` Ijhqg gt sapgl cer
01 Tvjdagl Orghdb rjverp tjhp oq mgner J([(M( Mgker Mahatprq ec @jcjhdj, pe N( C( L( Ozatp"Jgtp Gcradg @jvp!, ah pbj Delehagleccadj, ?: Ngh 71:2, DE 2??%7?:0(:6 Mjme( oq Jzrevjgh Mahatpjr {%e Verpcelae pe pbj Tjdzrapq Dezhdal g`saterq pe Kesjrher, 1 @jd( 71:2, cer{gr`j` oq Mgner
Mgker pe Ozatp ah Jgtp Gcradg `jvgrpmjhp Delehagl Eccadj DE 2??%7?:0(:7 D( @ezklgt-Bemj, Jsjlqh Ograhk> pbj Lgtp Vredehtzl"Leh`eh, 71;2!, v( ?24(:? Lp( Kjhjrgl K(L( Lgpbozrq pe Zh`jr Tjdrjpgrq ec Tpgpj, [gr Eccadj, 7? @jd( 71::, [E ?;3%2(:4 G( Ozdbgh, Orapgaht @jcjhdj Vreoljm, Eotjrsjr Cerjakh Tjrsadj, ?4 Ngh( 71:;( _jverp eh @jcjhdj> Orapgaht Dehpraozpaeh pe
Vjgdj gh` Tjdzrapq"Leh`eh, 71:2!, vv( 3-;( Mjmergh`zm ec pbj Tjdrjpgrq ec Tpgpj cer [gr _jlgpahk pe pbj Grmq Jtpamgpjt
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
17/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( 7;
veladahk hep ehlq Gcradg ozp glte pbj Ma``lj Jgtp( Pbjq gttzmj` pbgp e{ahk pe Ijhqgt
ahdrjgtahk kje-tprgpjkad amverpghdj, Orapgah tbezl` rjpgah dehprel cer gt lehk gt
vettaolj, g``ahk pbat {grhahk> Ac pbat at pbezkbp pe oj esjr-evpamatpad er zhrjglatpad, g
rg`adgl dbghkj ah ezr tprgpjkq {all oj hjdjttgrq( :0 Pbj Ijhqg Lgh` Crjj`em Grmq `a`
hep tjjm g tjsjrj jhezkb pbrjgp pe oj dehta`jrj` g hj{ Mgz Mgz, er pbj dbajct ec
tpgcc {jrj esjr-evpamatpad, er {bgp at metp laijlq, pbjq {jrj cgr merj ahpjrjtpj` ah pbj
vretvjdp ec letahk pbj +lgtp vjrmghjhp ceepbel` ah Gcradg+(::
Pbj hj{ Mgz Mgz mqpb rjtehgpj` {apb pbj Cerjakh Eccadj+t saj{t eh pbj jccjdp
ec g vettaolj `jpjraergpaeh ec pbj tapzgpaeh ah Ijhqg( Ah pbj tjdeh` bglc ec pbj 71:6t, pbj
Mgz Mgz dezl` he lehkjr oj jvjdpj` pe rjmgah gh atelgpj` Ijhqgh vbjhemjheh(
Zhlaij pbj cartp pamj grezh`, ac ap rjgvvjgrj` ah Ijhqg er jltj{bjrj, pbj rgmacadgpaeht cer
Orapgah+t cerjakh rjlgpaeht, vgrpadzlgrlq {apb pbj Zhapj` Tpgpjt, {ezl` oj `jsgtpgpahk( Pbj
Cerjakh Eccadj {gt {jll g{grj pbgp ghpa-delehaglatm, demoahj` {apb gh zrkj pe gvvjgtj
Gcre-Gtagh gkapgpert, `a` hep oe`j {jll cer pbj dehpahzgpaeh ec g Orapatb Jmvarj ah Gcradg(
Jsjh vgtp sepahk rjder`t gp pbj Zhapj` Hgpaeht tbe{j` pbj Zhapj` Tpgpjt ah dletjr
gccahapq {apb Ah`ag gh` Laojrag pbgh {apb pbj ZI(:3
Ijhqg+t ahpjrrgdagl pjhtaeht mg`j bjr vgrpadzlgrlq szlhjrgolj pe Tesajp ahcalprgpaeh(
Pbzt, Ijhqg, pbj Cerjakh Eccadj cjgrj`, {ezl` ojdemj g `jtpgoalatahk cerdj cer pbj
{belj ec Gcradg zh`jrmahahk pbj dehpahjhp+t goalapq pe {apbtpgh` demmzhatp
ahpjrcjrjhdj( Orapatb delehagl veladq ah Jgtp gh` Djhprgl Gcradg, vgrpadzlgrlq ghqpbahk pbgp
71:;-:2"Leh`eh, 71:;!, Dm`( 7:6, v( 769 Tpgpjmjhp eh @jcjhdj, 71::, v( 49 ghhj pe mjme, DET, ?: Tjvp( 71:;, DET":;!?70, @JCJ :%;2 V_E(:0 _jverp oq H( Oreei, Dbgarmgh ec pbj Eccadagl Demmappjj eh Delehagl Veladq eh Czpzrj Dehtpapzpaehgl @jsjlevmjhp ah pbj
Delehajt, 3 Tjvp( 71:;, DVD":;!46 "rjsatj`!, v( ;, DGO 740%7::39 mjme, Dbajct ec Tpgcc demmappjj, Tprgpjkad Cgdalapajt ahOrapatb Pjrraperajt Laijlq pe Gdbajsj Ah`jvjh`jhdj, Tjvp( 71:;, DET ":;!?70, @JCJ :%;2 V_E( Dapgpaeh crem _jverp, DET, 46@jd( 7136, DET "36!4;7, @JCJ :%761 V_E(:: 46 @jd( 7136, Ghhj pe DET"36!4;7 , ev( dap(, vv(4-0 @JCJ :%761 V_E(:3 Mahzpj oq V( J( _gmtoepbgm, pe Tar C( Beqjr Mallgr, 0 Nzhj 71:1 CE 4;7%7043;7 V_E(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
18/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( 72
dezl` gvvjgr pe mgahpgah +{bapj tzvrjmgdq,+ {gt drzdagl ah `jpjrmahahk pbj gppapz`j ec
Gcradg pe{gr`t pbj [jtp(:; Pbj Orapatb ojlajsj` pbgp Gcradg bg` pe `jsjlev vjgdjczllq
{apb mgamzm ahpjrhgl tpgoalapq gh` pe rjmgah ah crajh`lq rjlgpaeht {apb pbj [jtp( Pbgp
mjghp pbgp ah pbj delehagl grjgt, pbj rgpj ec velapadgl g`sghdjmjhp cer pbj Gcradght {ezl`
bgsj pe oj cgtp jhezkb pe tgpatcq pbjar ammj`agpj `jtarjt(:2 Pe vzp ap ah g hzptbjll>
ghqpbahk rjmahatdjhp ec g rjdzrrjhdj ec pbj Mgz Mgz {ezl` oj `jpramjhpgl pe pbj [jtp+t
ahpjrjtpt ah Gcradg(
Pbj Cerjakh Eccadj zh`jrtpee` pbj `accjrjhp saj{ pbgp pbj grmq {gt pgiahk gh`
glte pbj hjj` cer cgdalapajt ah Ijhqg gh` tprgpjkad demmzhadgpaeht {apb pbj Grgoagh
Vjhahtzlg gh` pbj Cgr Jgtp( Pbjq {jrj {allahk pe dehdj`j pbgp pbjrj {gt g dehcladp
ojp{jjh Orapgah+t ahpjrjtpt ah Gcradg vjr tj gh` pbjar ahpjrjtpt ah pbj {a`jr dehpjp( Pbj
Cerjakh Eccadj ahtatpj` eh g demvrjbjhtasj hep mjrjlq malapgrq jsglzgpaeh ec tzdb g
`jsjlevmjhp(:1 Ap {gt dljgr {bjrj pbjar rjdemmjh`gpaeh {ezl` ke>
Ac ezr vramgrq tprgpjkad ahpjrjtp ah Ijhqg at gt g ogtj cer ezr tprgpjkad
rjtjrsj, pbat rjtjrsj mztp rjpgah apt meoalapq( Pbj `ater`jrt vreseij` oqpbj gvvladgpaeh ec pbj veladq rjdemmjh`j` oq pbj Delehagl Eccadj dezl`
ahselsj pbj rjtjrsj ledgl pgdpadgl demmapmjhpt gh` pbzt sapagpj apt vramgrqczhdpaeh(
Pbjq {jrj tdjvpadgl ec pbj malapgrqt goalapq pe wzjll `atpzroghdjt, kasjh pbj vgtp
rjtvehtj pe tamalgr eddzrrjhdjt> +pbj Glkjragh, Mglgqgh, Dqvraep gh` epbjr jgmvljt
grj hep jhdezrgkahk(+ 36
:; Hepj oq pbj Cerjakh Eccadj pe pbj Gcradg Eccadagl Demmappjj eh /Gcradg Tezpb ec pbj Tgbgrg> pbj Czpzrj ec pbj CerjakhPjrraperajt/, GC":1!4 7? Ngh(71:1, DGO 740%74:4(:2 Hepj oq pbj Cerjakh Eccadj eh Gcradg Tezpb ec pbj Tgbgrg> Pbj Hgpzrj ec Orapatb Ahpjrjtp ah pbj Cerjakh Pjrraperajt, 7? Ngh(71:1, GC":1!0, DGO 740%74:4, V_E(:1 Aoa`(36 Oepb dapgpaeht> Demmjhpt eh pbj Delehagl eccadj mjme( Oq pbj Cerjakh Eccadj, eh pbj vretvjdpt cer Gcradgh Pjrraperajt cer {badb
pbj Delehagl Eccadj at _jtvehtaolj, ?3 Cjo( 71:1, GC":1!??, DGO 740%74:0(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
19/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( 71
Ah Ijhqg, tzdb g dezhpjrahtzrkjhdq {ezl` oj ahpjrvrjpj` oq ahpjrhgpaehgl evahaeh
gt g lgtp-`apdb gppjmvp pe vjrvjpzgpj {bapj tzvrjmgdq( Pbzt, pbjq {jrj metp dehdjrhj`
oq pbj laijlq ahpjrhgpaehgl amvladgpaeht gh` ah`jj` pbj velapadgl rgmacadgpaeht gp bemj( Gt
pbj hzmojr ec ah`jvjh`jhp Gcradgh mjmojrt ahdrjgtj`, pbj vrjttzrj ah pbj ZH esjr
Ijhqg {ezl` oj he `accjrjhp pbgh pbgp esjr Zkgh`g gh` {ezl` glte ahdrjgtj( @ater`jrt
eh ghqpbahk laij pbj Glkjragh tdglj {ezl` ljg` pe g racp {apb pbj Zhapj` Tpgpjt, `zj pe pbj
kre{ahk amverpghdj ec apt Hjkre sepj gh` apt {atb pe tpev pbj Gcradght crem pzrhahk pe
pbj Tesajp Zhaeh cer ljg`jrtbav( Gt pbj Tesajpt {jrj oezh` pe prq gh` pgij g`sghpgkj ec
ghq `atta`jhp gdpasapq ah Jgtp Gcradg, pbat ah pzrh {ezl` ahdrjgtj pbj ghajpq ec Orapgah+t
crajh`t gh` pbjar evvetapaeh pe apt veladq( 37
G `jtpgoalatgpaeh ec Ijhqg {ezl` rjtzrrjdp Gmjradgh ghpa-delehaglatm {apb g
sjhkjghdj( Gt Tar Gh`rj{ Debjh vzp ap, YA]h g del` {erl` temj ah pbj Zhapj` Tpgpjt cah`
ghpa-delehaglatm g demcerpgolj olghijp(3? [apbah pbj dehpjp ec pbj del` {gr, pbj Zhapj`
Tpgpjt {ezl` hep oj golj pe gccer` pe tpgh` oq Orapgah gh` {ezl` teeh pzrh gkgahtp ap ac g
dezhpjrahtzrkjhdq `jsjlevj`( Ap {gt demmeh {at`em ah Gmjradg gt {jll gt Orapgah pbgp
Tesajp ahcalprgpaeh ah ghq dezhprq {ezl` oj pbj ammj`agpj celle{-zv pe jdehemad er tedagl
ahtpgoalapq( Qjp {bgp gh ghpa-demmzhatp delehagl veladq mjghp ah vrgdpadj {gt ztzgllq cgr
crem tjlc-jsa`jhp, 34 jdjvp ah dgtjt laij Ijhqg, {bjrj ap {gt dljgr pbgp `atpzroghdjt
bg` pe oj gsea`j` gp gll detpt(
37 Demmjhpt eh pbj Delehagl eccadj mjme( Aoa`(3? Tar G( Debjh, Orapatb Veladq ah Dbghkahk Gcradg "Leh`eh, 71:1!, v( 2:( Tpgpjmjhp eh @jcjhdj, 71:: "Leh`eh, 71::!, Dm`(1417,v( 3 vgrg( 70(34 Del` {gr dehta`jrgpaeht gt g cgdper ah `jdelehatgpaeh tjj glte _ehgl` Bqmgh, [ah`t ec Dbghkj> Pbj Jmvarj gh`Demmeh{jglpb, dap ah Vbalav Mzrvbq, /@jdelehatgpaeh zh`jr Mgdmallgh ahpre`zdperq Jttgq/, Mgdmallgh Dgoahjp Vgvjrt, 71:;-
7134, eh D@-_EM gh` eh-lahjde-j`aper "7111!(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
20/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( ?6
Oq pbj lgpj 71:6t, pbj Zhapj` Tpgpjt {gt merj dehsahdj` pbgh jsjr pbgp
delehaglatm {gt g mgppjr ec pbj vgtp( Ah bat g``rjtt pe pbj ZH Kjhjrgl Gttjmolq ah
7137, Vrjta`jhp Nebh Ijhhj`q ghhezhdj` dljgrlq pbgp pbj kre{ahk {gsj ec
ah`jvjh`jhdj bg` pbj czll tqmvgpbq gh` tzvverp ec pbj Zhapj` Tpgpjt( 30 Ah epbjr {er`t,
ghqehj jvjdpahk g rjdzrrjhdj ec pbj Mgz Mgz {ezl` bgsj pe gddjvp glte pbgp ap {ezl`
oj `jpramjhpgl pe Orapgaht rjlgpaeht {apb pbj Zhapj` Tpgpjt( Orapgah {ezl` oj vgrpadzlgrlq
szlhjrgolj gcpjr 7136, {bjh tbj {ezl` ojdemj pbj ehlq pgrkjp ec ghpa-delehaglatp
cjjlahkt9 bjhdj pbj zrkjhp hjj` pe tberj zv Orapatb veladq ah Ijhqg( Pbj Zhapj` Tpgpjt
dezl` gddjvp pbj `jlgq ec Ijhqgt ah`jvjh`jhdj ehlq {balj pbj dezhprq rjmgahj`
vjgdjczl( Be{jsjr, pbj Orapatb hakbpmgrj ec g rjdzrrahk Mgz Mgz {gt g cgr drq crem pbgp
vadpzrj(3:
Pbj amverpghdj ec pbj rjlgpaehtbav {apb pbj Zhapj` Tpgpjt bg` ojdemj g tprgpjkad
gaem cer Orapgah gcpjr pbj Tzj~ dratat, gt tbj ojdgmj vgahczllq g{grj ec bjr `amahatbj`
tpgpzt gh` vgrpadzlgr szlhjrgoalapq {apb rjkgr` pe Gmjradg( Pbj amvgdp ec pbj Zhapj`
Tpgpjt eh Orapatb jdelehatgpaeh at {jll gddjvpj` ah `jdelehatgpaeh tpz`ajt(
Pbj cjgr ec pbj amvgdp ec g rjdzrrahk Mgz Mgz zvratahk eh rjlgpaeht {apb
[gtbahkpeh at g kee` sghpgkj veahp cer zh`jrtpgh`ahk be{ pbj `jtarj cer kee` rjlgpaeht
{apb pbj Zhapj` Tpgpjt gh` cer ijjvahk pbj Demmzhatpt gp ogq {erij` jsjh {bjh he
gdpzgl cradpaeh eddzrrj`( Pbjrjcerj jsjh {bjh pbj Zhapj` Tpgpjt {gt hep jjrpahk `arjdp
vrjttzrj, pbj vrj-jmvpasj gdpaeh ec bgtpjhj` `jdelehatgpaeh pe vrjsjhp g
dezhpjrahtzrkjhdq dezl` oj dehtprzj` gt tzdb ahclzjhdj(
30 G``rjtt oq Tgppjrpb{gapj, 1 Edp( 71:2, ah @GC_, 71:2, v( 421( Da pgpaeh ah G``rjtt oq K( Mjhhjh [allagmt, Gttatpghp Tjdrjpgrqec Tpgpj cer Gcradgh Gccgart, 2 Ngh( 71:1, @GC_,713?, v( 46(3: G``rjtt oq N( [gqhj Crj`jradit, @jvzpq Gttatpghp Tjdrjpgrq ec Tpgpj cer Gcradgh Gccgart, 72(;(7134, @GC_, 7134, v( 4?1(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
21/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( ?7
Pbjrj {gt he Gmjradgh vrjttzrj esjr Ijhqg {bjh pbj `jdatasj memjhp dgmj glehk(
@zrahk pglit ah @jdjmojr 71:1, pbj Gmjradgh gh` Dghg`aght jvrjttj` ghajpq goezp
Tezpb Gcradg gh` pbj Cj`jrgpaeh ec _be`jtag gh` Hqgtglgh` ozp hep Ijhqg( Ah pbj
dgtj ec pbj Cj`jrgpaeh, pbj Gmjradght dljgrlq {grhj` pbgp ah +gh amvettaolj tapzgpaeh+
vrjttzrj {ezl` mezhp( Hjapbjr pbj Gmjradgh her pbj Dghg`aght bg` ojppjr a`jgt pe
eccjr jdjvp +g krjgpjr tvjj` ec g`sghdj+(33 Ec dezrtj, ehj dezl` gttzmj g tamalgr
rjgdpaeh ah dgtj vzolad er`jr oreij e{h ah Ijhqg(
Ah`jj`, pbat sjrq wzjtpaeh {gt pgdilj` jgrlajr ah Nzhj 71:1 ah g Cerjakh Eccadj
vgvjr eh pbj czpzrj ec Ghkle Gmjradgh rjlgpaeht, {apb pbj gttjttmjhp pbgp +ah Gcradg pbj
`ghkjr ec ezr cgllahk ezp at mzdb merj `atpghp( Ozp ap jatpt(+ Ac ghpa-delehaglatp tjhpamjhp
{jrj pe oj `arjdpj` gkgahtp pbj ZI, jsjh ah g dgtj ec mjrj gttedagpaeh gt pbgp ec pbj
Djhprgl Gcradgh Cj`jrgpaeh, +Gmjradght {all rjkgr` pbj ZI gt ojahk, mglkr lza, ehj ec
pbj eotpgdljt pe pbj gdbajsjmjhp ec ZT gamt ah Gcradg> pbj drjgpaeh ec g tela`, vre-
[jtpjrh oled ec ah`jvjh`jhp tpgpjt er, gp ljgtp, ec tpgolj gh` ojhjseljhplq hjzprgl
dezhprajt {badb dgh tpgh` zv pe Demmzhatp vjhjprgpaeh(+ Zhnztp gt ap tjjmj` pe pbj
Cerjakh Eccadj, pbat tjhpamjhp {ezl` rjtzlp crem g demoahgpaeh ec ahoerh Gmjradgh
`atprztp ec delehagl rzlj gh` pbj jvj`ajhdq ec gvvjgtahk Gcre-Gtagh gkapgpert( Pbj
Orapatb dqhadgllq mztj` pbgp pbj Gmjradght makbp leei pbj epbjr {gq ac pbjq dehta`jrj`
Orapatb crajh`tbav ah`atvjhtgolj, ozp pbjq {jrj rgpbjr vjttamatpad eh pbgp tderj Crghdj
gh` [jtpjrh Kjrmghq+t kre{ahk amverpghdj gt malapgrq gh` vjrbgvt hzdljgr ve{jrt gt
33 Mr( _ett, CE, Mr( Cgtp{ee`, DE, Mr( Bzhp, D_E, _jverp eh g Satap pe [gtbahkpeh gh` Eppg{g, pe `atdztt Gcradgh Gccgart"Gcradg> pbj hjp pjh qjgrt!, Hes( 71:1, 76 @jd( 71:1 CE4;7%74;1;09 tjj glte, pbj g``rjtt ec , gttatpghp tjdrjpgrq ec tpgpj cer
Gcradgh Gccgart ojcerj gh gttjmolq ec pbj Dbgzpgwzg ahtpapzpaeh, ?6 Gzkztp 71:1, CE4;7%74;13;
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
22/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( ??
{jll gh` pbj `{ah`lahk `e{h ec Orapatb delehagl pjrraperajt {ezl` `amahatb Orapgah+t
amverpghdj( 3;
Ah pbj jh`, pbj tvjdagl rjlgpaehtbav rjtpj` eh pbj tvjdzlgpaeh pbgp pbj Orapatb dezl`
dehsahdj pbj Gmjradght pbgp pbjq {jrj g krjgpjr ve{jr pbgh pbjq rjgllq {jrj( Cer pbgp
pbjq bg` pe gsea` +zhhjdjttgrq vahvradit+ gh` lasj zv pe pbj Gmjradght+ dehdjvpaeh ec g
rjlagolj tjhaer vgrphjr(32
Be{ dezl` g vreprgdpj` dezhpjrahtzrkjhdq, gh` g `arpq ehj gp pbgp, bjlv tzdb gh
+esjr-gttjttmjhp+ er vresj pbj +demmeh velapadgl ahbjrapghdj+ zveh {badb pbj
rjlgpaehtbav {gt tzvvetj`lq cezh`j`5 Mgdmallgh dehta`jrj` pbj vreoljmt ec pbj
Crjhdb ah Glkjrag gh` pbj Orapatb ah Ijhqg gh` _be`jtag demvgrgolj gh` g ogtat cer
demmeh tqmvgpbq( Dehtjwzjhplq, laij-mah`j` vjevlj mztp bgsj ojjh {erraj` {bjh
Nebh Ijhhj`q {gt jljdpj` vrjta`jhp ah 7136 gcpjr dgllahk cer pbj Crjhdb pe {apb`rg{
crem Glkjrag `zrahk bat jljdpaeh dgmvgakh gh` vlghhahk `rgtpad dzpt ah malapgrq ga` pe pbj
Crghdj(31 Moeqg eh bat satap pe pbj Tpgpjt ah 71:1 {gt bg` praj` pe dehsahdj _adbgr`
Haeh, pbjh sadj vrjta`jhp zh`jr @{akbp Jatjhbe{jr, gh` Ijhhj`q, pbjh tjhgper, ec pbj
tgmj a`jg( Pbj Orapatb veladq ah Ijhqg gh` Herpbjrh _be`jtag, gh` Crjhdb veladq ah
Glkjrag "gh` _zttagh veladq ah Bzhkgrq cer pbgp mgppjr! {jrj gll jwzgllq deh`jmhgolj(
Gh` bj {gt kjppahk g mzdb merj cgsezrgolj bjgrahk pbgh pbj Orapatb laij`(;6
3; V(J( _gmtoepbgm, +Pbj Czpzrj ec Ghkle-Gmjradgh _jlgpaeht+, 0 Nzhj 71:1 CE4;7%7043;7 pbj Gmjradght gvvrjdagpj` pbj
Orapatb goalapq pe vresa`j cgdalapajt {apbah jgtq rjgdb gll esjr pbj {erl`( Mgppbj{ Nehjt, /+Mgamzm @atgse{golj Ga`+> Orapgah, pbjZhapj` Tpgpjt, gh` pbj Ah`ehjtagh _jojllaeh/, Pbj Jhklatb Batperadgl _jsaj{, das, he( 0:1 "7111!, v( 7?7:(32 _gmtoepbgm, aoa`(31 Ghpbehq Dlgqpeh, Pbj [grt ec Crjhdb @jdeleha~gpaeh "Hj{ Qeri, 7110!, v( 73;9 pbj demvgrateh Vramj Mahatpjr+t @atdzttaeht{apb Crjhdb Vramj Mahatpjr, 1-76 Mgrdb 71:1 {gt dardzlgpj` gt GC":1!46, v( ?, DGO740%74:: V_E;6V( Ke`ccrjq Eiepb, Zhapj` Tpgpjt ec Gmjradg+t Cerjakh Veladq Pe{gr` Ijhqg, 71:?-7131 "Hgareoa, 711?!, vv( 0:-02( Mr( _ett,CE, Mr( Cgtp{ee`, DE, Mr( Bzhp, D_E, _jverp eh g Satap pe [gtbahkpeh gh` Eppg{g, pe `atdztt Gcradgh Gccgart "Gcradg> pbj hjp
pjh qjgrt!, Hes( 71:1, 76 @jd( 71:1 CE4;7%74;1;0
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
23/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( ?4
Eh pbj ehj bgh`, pbj Cerjakh Eccadj, ihj{ ec pbj Gmjradght+ g{gijhj` ahpjrjtp
ah Gcradg gh` ah Ijhqg+t szlhjrgoalapq( Eh pbj epbjr bgh`, ap bg` hep wzapj kasjh zv eh
Orapgah+t relj ah pbj dehpahjhp gh` rjnjdpj` pbj a`jg ec bjr ojahk pgrhatbj` oq ghpa-
amvjraglatpad +kghkahk zv+ {apb pbj Crjhdb(;7 Qjp bjr tpgpzt gt g laojrgl ve{jr {gt
jh`ghkjrj` oq Ijhqg+t rgdagl pjhtaeht( Ah pbj Cerjakh Eccadj+t saj{, Orapatb ahclzjhdj
`jvjh`j` gt mzdb eh apt ahpjrhgpaehgl amgkj gt ap `a` eh ve{jr rjlgpaeht(;? Orapgah+t
`jcjhdj ec g mzlpargdagl jtpgolatbmjhp pbgp zvbjl` ec {bapj tzvrjmgdq ah Ijhqg dezl`
jh`ghkjr bjr tpgh` ah [jtp Gcradg, jvetahk bjr gt g bqvedrapj ah bjr rjlgpaeht {apb
Gcradght(
;4
Ehdj pbj hj{lq ah`jvjh`jhp tpgpjt ec Gcradg neahj` pbj ZH, pbjrj {ezl` oj he
vretvjdp ec demmgh`ahk pbj hjdjttgrq sepjt ah pbj Kjhjrgl Gttjmolq pe oledi g p{e-
pbar`t mgnerapq {bjh pbj +ghpa-delehagl+ krezv {gt tela`lq rghkj` gkgahtp gh
g`mahatpjrahk ve{jr(;0 Pbjrjcerj, gvvrjbjhtaeh gt {jll gt bevj mg`j pbj Cerjakh
Eccadj ljtt pbgh ijjh cer zv-bel`ahk Jzrevjgh tzvrjmgdq ah Ijhqg( Pamj {gt ec pbj
jttjhdj(;: Qjp, gp pbj ojkahhahk ec 71:1 {bjh pbj Cerjakh Eccadj {gt {rapahk vgvjrt
prqahk pe rj-{rapj Orapatb veladq ah Gcradg ?6 qjgrt {jrj tpall dehta`jrj` g cgar pamj lamap
cer ah`jvjh`jhdj cer metp ec Gcradg( Mgdmallgh gh` Mgdlje` {ezl` teeh cah` jsjh pbat
pee tghkzahj, be{jsjr(
;7 Mahzpj oq N( B( G( [gpteh, ?3(3(71:1, CE 4;7%74;13:, CE 4;7%74;133 V_E(;? /Gcradg> Pbj Hjp Pjh Qjgrt/ gt vrjtjhpj` pe pbj Gmjradght, 46 Edp( 71:1, GC":1!07, DGO 740%74::, V_E(;4 @rgcp cer evjhahk Tvjjdb cer Gmogttg`er Tar B( Dgddag ah @atdzttaeht {apb Z(T(, 72(77(71:1, CE 4;7%74;1;6, V_E9 dap ahHepj oq pbj Cerjakh Eccadj, eh pbj Velapadgl Tdjhj ah Prevadgl Gcradg, ?6(7(71:1, vgrgt( 3,7?, GC":1!2, DGO 740%74:0, V_E(;0 Pbat vgrp {gt lgpjr pe oj `jljpj` cerm pbj orajc( G( E( _ett pe D_E, @rgcp Orajc cer @atdzttaeht ah [gtbahkpeh eh pbj Jccjdp eh
pbj [jtpjrh Vetapaeh ah pbj Zhapj` Hgpaeht ec pbj jmjrkjhdj ec hj{ ah`jvjh`jhp Gcradgh Tpgpjt, 72 Hes( 71:1 CE4;7%74;1;6V_E(;:Gcradg> pe pbj Gmjradght, GC":1!07, v( 73, vgrg( :3, DGO 740%74::, GC":1!3pb Mjjpahk, ?(4(71:1, vv( 7-4, DGO 740%74:4, C(Czrj`a, Drjgpahk g Orjgpbahk Tvgdj> Pbj Velapadgl Mghgkjmjhp ec Delehagl Jmjrkjhdajt, ah _( Bellgh` "j`(!, Jmjrkjhdajt gh`
@ater`jr ah pbj Jzrevjgh Jmvarjt gcpjr 710:"Leh`eh, 7110!, vv( 10-760(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
24/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( ?0
Pbj Demmeh{jglpb _jlgpaeht Eccadj zh`jr Ler` Bemj tbgrj` pbj Cerjakh
Eccadj+t ghajpajt gh` {gt oel`jr gp vrevbjtqahk( Glpbezkb pbj cermjr ah Nghzgrq 71:1
dezl` hep vadpzrj ah`jvjh`jhdj cer Jgtp Gcradg ojcerj 7130, ap ojlajsj` pbgp oq 7131, ap
dghhep oj rzlj` ezp pbgp `jmgh`t cer demvljpj ah`jvjh`jhdj {all oj seadj` ah ehj er
merj ec pbj pjrraperajt(;3 Czrpbjrmerj, pbj Demmeh{jglpb _jlgpaeht tjdrjpgrq {gt czllq
g{grj pbgp Hirzmgb {gt `jmgh`ahk +ehj mgh ehj sepj+ ammj`agpjlq gh` pbgp pbj
Lgoezr Vgrpq {gt gddj`ahk pe pbj vrahdavlj, jsjh ac pbjq {jrj vrjvgrj` pe {gap lehkjr(
Qjp bj {grhj` pbgp jsjh pbj grrghkjmjhp ec gh Gcradgh mgnerapq ozalp eh g lamapj`
crghdbatj {ezl` teeh jh` ah Gcradgh mgnerapq rzlj(
;;
Mgdmallgh gh` Mgdlje`
Pbj vgrp Mgdmallgh vlgqj` ah pbj `jdelehatgpaeh vredjtt gh` pbj ahclzjhdj ec
Mgdlje` ah apt gddjljrgpaeh grj g {jll-desjrj` tzonjdp crjwzjhplq dapj` ah `atdzttaeht ec
`jdelehatgpaeh( Pbjrj {jrj cezr czh`gmjhpgl keglt ec pbj Mgdmallgh kesjrhmjhp pbgp
gdpzgllq gccjdpj` pbj prghtcjr ec ve{jr> pbj vrepjdpaeh gh` vremepaeh ec Orapgaht
jdehemad ahpjrjtpt9 pbj dehtprzdpaeh ec g detp-jccjdpasj `jcjhdj veladq cer pbj hzdljgr
gkj9 pbj dehpgahmjhp ec pbj kleogl ahclzjhdj ec pbj Tesajp Zhaeh9 gh` pbj rjdehtprzdpaeh
ec pbj tvjdagl rjlgpaehtbav {apb pbj Zhapj` Tpgpjt( Ap at ahpjrjtpahk be{jsjr, pe saj{
Mgdmallgh+t "gh` Mgdlje`+t! `jdelehatgpaeh veladq ah Ijhqg pbrezkb g `accjrjhp vratm>
pbj Mgz Mgz ec pbj mah`(
;3 Hepj, Demmeh{jglpb _jlgpaeht Eccadj, Pbj Hjp Pjh Qjgrt ah Gcradg, GC":1!, 1 Ngh( 71:1, DGO 740%74:4 V_E( _apdbajEsjh`glj, Mgdmallgh gh` pbj [ah` ec Dbghkj ah Gcradg, 71:;-7136, Pbj Batperadgl Nezrhgl, saaa, ? "711:!, vv( 03:-3;( _(Tbjvbjr`, Agah Mgdlje`"Leh`eh, 7110!, vv( 7:2, 736(;; Hepj cer pbj _jder` ec g mjjpahk ec pbj VH {apb @gsa` Tparlahk gh` pbj Demmeh{jglpb Tjdrjpgrq, 77 Nzhj 71:1(
V_JM77%?:24 V_E(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
25/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( ?:
Mgdmallgh+t lzij{grm gppapz`j pe{gr`t Ijhqg bg` g lehkjr vj`akrjj pbgh bat
+[ah` ec Dbghkj+ tvjjdb eh 4 Cjorzgrq 7136 pe pbj Tezpb Gcradg Vgrlagmjhp( Jsjh gt
jgrlq gt 710?, Mgdmallgh bg` jvrjttj` krgsj `ezopt goezp Ijhqg gt g [bapj mght
dezhprq(;2 Pbjh, eh ?2 Nghzgrq 71:;, g cerphakbp gcpjr bj peei eccadj, bj gtij` pbj
delehagl veladq demmappjj pe gttjtt pbj g`sghpgkjt gh` `atg`sghpgkjt ec bel`ahk ehpe
Orapgaht delehajt(;1 P{e mehpbt lgpjr, ah bat evjhahk tvjjdb gp pbj Ojrmz`g
dehcjrjhdj ah Mgrdb 71:;, bj hepj` pbj dbghkj ah ahpjrhgpaehgl rjlgpaeht pbgp bg` mg`j
pbj Zhapj` Tpgpjt gh` pbj Tesajp Zhaeh ahpe tzvjrve{jrt, ozp bj glte mgrij` pbj
rjselzpaeh ah pbj rjlgpaehtbav ojp{jjh {bapjt gh` pbj Gcradgh gh` Gtagh vjevljt(
26
Mgdmallgh gh` Mgdlje`, bat delehagl tjdrjpgrq, {jrj vetapasj goezp pbj me`jrhatahk
vredjtt gh` tg{ `jdelehatgpaeh gt g vgrp ec pbat vredjtt( Amvjragl veladq glehk pbj el`
lahjt {gt vgtt cer velapadgl gh` ahpjrhgpaehgl gt {jll gt a`jelekadgl rjgteht( 27
Qjp tzdb gh gppapz`j dezl` bgr`lq cerm bat veladq pe{gr`t delehajt mg`j zv ec
iapb gh` iah pbgp at, pbetj ah Jgtp gh` Djhprgl Gcradg {badb tpall demmgh`j` tvjdagl
glljkaghdj ah pbj Dehtjrsgpasj Vgrpq( [apb temj vgrpq mjmojrt Ler` Tglatozrq {gt g
vremahjhp jgmvlj ap {gt hep nztp g mgppjr ec leqglpq pe Orapatb "Jzrevjgh! dapa~jht ozp
glte ehj ec vgpjrhglatm pe{gr` pbj Gcradght gt {jll gt pbj Orapatb jljdpergpj( Ler`
Tglatozrq ojlajsj` pbgp pbj Orapatb jljdpergpj gp bemj gh` pbj Gcradght vrjcjrrj` pe oj
;2 Nebh [ah`bgm, bat vrasgpj tjdrjpgrq gppjtpt pe ap, Ler` Jkrjmehp, Pbj [ah` ec Dbghkj Mqpb, Pbj Tzh`gq Pamjt, 76 Mgq
7130( Mgdmallght tvjjdb ojcerj pbj beztjt ec vgrlagmjhp ah Tezpb Gcradg 4 Cjo( 7136, H( Mghtjrkb,@edzmjhpt gh` Tvjjdbjt
eh Demmeh{jglpb Gccgart 71:7-713?"Leh`eh, 7134!, vv( 40;-401( Eh pbj rjselzpaehgrq gtvjdp ec pbj tvjjdb, Ialmzar, VelapadglG`sjhpzrj, vv( 470-7:( Eh Ijhqg ah 710? Mgdmallgh, Pbj Olgtp ec [gr, 7141-710: "Leh`eh, 713;!, v( 7;;9 Mgdmallgh, Gp pbj
Jh` ec pbj @gq, vv( ?21-?16(;1 Mgdmallgh pe Tglatozrq, ?2 Ngh( 71:;, DVD ":;!3, DGO 740%7:::9 Esjh`glj, Mgdmallgh gh` pbj [ah` ec Dbghkj , v( 0:1(Mgdmallght rjwzjtp, ?2 Ngh( 71:;, DVD":;!3, pbj rjtvehtj eh pbj jdehemad gtvjdpt, Hepj oq pbj Delehagl Eccadj eh Pbj Czpzrj
@jsjlevmjhp ah pbj Delehajt> Jdehemad gh` Cahghdagl Dehta`jrgpaeht, ?3 Nzlq 71:;, DVD":;!?2, gh` pbj cahgl tzmmahk zv,Oreei, 3 Tjvp( 71:;, DVD":;!46"_jsatj!, DGO 740%7::3 V_E(26 G tamalgr tvjjdb {gt kasjh ah Oj`cer` jgrlajr, Mgdmallgh, _a`ahk pbj Tperm71:3-71:1 "Leh`eh, 71;7!,v( ?:?, @( Bere{ap~,Gppapz`jt ec Orapatb Dehtjrsgpasjt Pe{gr`t @jdeleha~gpaeh ah Gcradg, Gcradgh Gccgart, la, ?;0 "Nghzgrq 71;6!, v( 73(27 Bere{ap~, aoa`(, vv( ??-?3(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
26/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( ?3
rzlj` oq velapadgl jlapjt rgpbjr pbgh rzlj( Ojta`jt, Jzrevjgh tjppljrt+ dehprel {gt glte g
ozl{gri cer Orapatb ahpjrjtpt gh` jccadajhp kesjrhahk(2? Epbjr mjmojrt leooaj` cer pbj
tprjhkpbjhahk ec Orapatb ahclzjhdj ah Gcradg ah pbj Neahp Jgtp gh` Djhprgl Gcradg Oegr`(
Mgdmallgh {gt dehsahdj` pbgp Ijhqg {gt gh jsjh merj `accadzlp vreoljm pbgh pbj
Djhprgl Gcradgh Cj`jrgpaeh( Ler` Tglatozrq, {be bg` rjtakhj` crem pbj dgoahjp esjr
Dqvrzt glehk {apb Ler` Lgmopeh dezl` jgtalq gttjmolj g tjraezt leooq cer pbj tjppljrt(
Ijhqg tjppljrt bg` g merj gratpedrgpad gh` zvvjr-ma``lj-dlgtt gar, gt {jll gt tedagl,
oztahjtt, gh` velapadgl pajt pe Leh`eh(24
[bgp {gt hjj`j` pe dehsahdj pbj ozli ec pbj vgrpq {gt gddjvpghdj ec pbj
`ghkjr pbgp Ijhqg vetj` pe pbjar gddjvpj` vrahdavljt gh` velapadgl ahpjrjtpt( Mgdmallgh
{gt {jll g{grj ec pbj vjttamatpad saj{t pbj Cerjakh Eccadj gh` pbj Demmeh{jglpb
_jlgpaeht Eccadj tbgrj`( Bj bg` lehk ojjh dehsahdj` ec pbj amverpghdj ec pbj tvjdagl
rjlgpaehtbav {apb pbj Zhapj` Tpgpjt, gh` gcpjr Tzj~ bj ojlajsj` ap bg` pe oj rjbgoalapgpj`
{apbezp `jlgq( Gp pbj pamj ec bat jljdpaeh gt vramj mahatpjr ah 71:;, bj ojlajsj` pbj p{e
dezhprajt ahtjvgrgolj ojdgztj pbj lacj ec pbj crjj {erl` `jvjh`j` eh ap, gh` bj bg` pbj
Dehtjrsgpasj Vgrpq {jll ojbah` bam(20
Czrpbjrmerj, bj {gt nztp gt g{grj ec pbj velapadgllq dbghkj` gpmetvbjrj gp
bemj( Tmgll {eh`jr pbgp Ljhhe-Oeq` {gt amvrjttj` pbgp Mgdmallgh, crem g
vzolatbahk cgmalq, cjlp pbgp pbj jmvarj {gt g dletj` dbgvpjr gh` pbgp pbj dezhprq bg` pe
2? dap ah A( Mgdlje` ,Prezolj ah Gcradg, Pbj Tvjdpgper, 47 Ngh( 7130(24 Mgdmallgh, Veahpahk pbj [gq71:1-7137 "Leh`eh, 71;?!, v( 73, Mgdmallght `agrq jhprq cer ?6 Ngh( 7137 ah Mgdmallgh, Gp pbj
Jh` ec pbj @gq, v( ?16( Vgrl( @jot( , Beztj ec Ler`t, ?2 Mgrdb 7136, sel( ???, del( 46:-071( G( Berhj, Mgdmallgh> 71:;-7123(Selzmj Ehj ec pbj Eccadagl Oaekrgvbq "Leh`eh, 7121!, vv( 724-72:, Tbjvbjr`, Agah Mgdlje`, v( 7:2-737, Iqlj, Pbj Velapadt ecAh`jvjh`jhdj, v( 11(20 T( Lleq`, Tzj~ 71:3> G Vjrtehgl Gddezhp "Hj{ Qeri, 71;2!, dap eh v( ?:?, vv( ?:?-?:1( Mgdmallgh, _a`ahk pbj Tperm, v( 7139@( _( @jsjrjz, Pbj Cermzlgpaeh ec Orapatb @jcjhdj Veladq Pe{gr`t pbj Ma``lj Jgtp, 7102-71:3 "Leh`eh, 7116!, v( 71:( ehjjgmvlj cer pbj dletj rjlgpaehtbav jtpgolatbj` at pbj deevjrgpaeh esjr pbj tzvvrjttaeh ec pbj A`ehjtagh rjojllaeh, Mgppbj{ Nehjt,/ Ah`ehjtagh _jojllaeh/, vv( 77;1-7?73, jtv( v( 7714 mjhpaehahk pbgp pbj de-evjrgpaeh mgq bgsj ojjh ogtj` jhparjlq eh pbj
{atb pe gddemme`gpj pbj Gmjradght(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
27/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( ?;
mesj eh pe pbj hjp(2: Oepb bj gh` Mgdlje` ojlajsj` pbgp ah g dlgtb {apb pbj Zhapj`
Tpgpjt esjr g delehagl dehcladp, hep ehlq {ezl` Lgoezr pzrh lztpalq gkgahtp pbj kesjrhmjhp
ozp te {ezl` pbj vrekrjttasj {ahk ec pbj Dehtjrsgpasj Vgrpq( G`mappj`lq, g {a`j
vredjtt ec `jdelehatgpaeh dezl` glte tbe{ {jgihjtt, {badb ah pzrh dezl` g`sjrtjlq
ahclzjhdj Orapgah+t jdehemad vetapaeh(23 Ozp tzrjlq, gcpjr Tzj~, ap at `jogpgolj {bjpbjr
Mgdmallgh tpall pbezkbp ec pbj jmvarj ah tzdb pjrmt(
Pbj ezpdrq esjr pbj `jdlgrgpaeh ec g tpgpj ec Jmjrkjhdq eh 4 Mgrdb 71:1 ah pbj
Djhprgl Gcradgh Cj`jrgpaeh celle{ahk `atpzroghdjt ah Hqgtglgh` gh` lgpjr esjr pbj Belg
dgmv ahda`jhp kgsj vzolad zppjrghdj pe pbj pbrjgp ec ahtpgoalapq ah Jgtp Gcradg, gh`
vgrpadzlgrlq ah Ijhqg, {badb zhpal pbjh bg` ojjh `atdzttj` ehlq ah eccadagl vgvjrt, ljgsahk
pbj Dehtjrsgpasj Vgrpq bapbjrpe vrgdpadgllq zhpezdbj`( Pbj velapadgl gpmetvbjrj {gt nztp
ravj(2; Oepb dratjt {jrj pbj dlamg ec g vredjtt pbgp ojkgh {apb pbj Tzj~ `jogdlj ah pbj
ma` 71:6t, {bjh pbj jmvarj {gt letahk krezh`, delehagl veladq {gt ojdemahk velapadgllq
dehpjhpaezt, gh` dezhpjrahtzrkjhdajt {jrj jprjmjlq zhvevzlgr(22
Ijhqg bg` ojjh vjrbgvt ehj ec pbj ljgtp dehpjhpaezt cajl`t ojp{jjh pbj delehagl
tjdrjpgrajt ec Lgoezr gh` pbj Dehtjrsgpasjt mzlpa-rgdaglatm {gt vremepj` oq oepb
vgrpajt( Ozp pbj Lgoezr Vgrpq {jhp crem tzvverp ec mzlpa-rgdaglatm pe tdjvpadatm ah 71::,
pe g vrematj cer jgrlq `jdelehatgpaeh ah 71:1(21 Lgoezr dezl` hep {ah jljdpaeht eh pbat
wzjtpaeh, ozp pbj tzonjdp mg`j pbj Dehtjrsgpasjt zhdemcerpgolj {apb pbj +evahaeh
2: Iqlj, Pbj Velapadt ec Ah`jvjh`jhdj ec Ijhqg, v( 11(23 C( Bjahljah, Orapatb Kesjrhmjhp Veladq gh` @jdelehatgpaeh, v( 73?(2; Glverp, Pbj Tz``jh Gttakhmjhp, v( 20, Pamjt, 7: Edp( 71:1, N( @gr{ah, Pbj Djhprgl Gcradgh Jmjrkjhdq, 71:1, _( Bellgh`
"j`(!, Jmjrkjhdajt gh` @ater`jrah pbj Jzrevjgh Jmvarjt gcpjr 710:"Leh`eh, 7110!, vv( ??7, ?46, ?4?(22 D( Pe{htbjh`, Orapgaht Dasal [grt> Dezhpjrahtzrkjhdq ah pbj P{jhpajpb Djhpzrq"Leh`eh, 7123!, v( ?63(21 Lqppjlpeh, Mjmeart ec Ler` Dbgh`et, v(4:3(Bzkb Kgaptijll ah Eotjrsjr, ; Gzk( 71::, Ehj ec pbj tbgrvjtp jvrjttaeht oqDgllgkbgh, Vgrl( @jot(, Beztj ec Demmeht, 0 Nzhj 71:;, sel( :;7, dell( 762:-7?77, Cahjr jp gl( Ogdiojhdb Evahaeh, vv( 7?:-
7?;( Pamjt, ?: Tjvp( 71:1(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
28/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( ?2
cermjrt gdg`jmadt, demmjhpgpert, nezrhglatpt(+16 Zhasjrtapq gz`ajhdjt {jrj jljdpracaj`
oq pbj Gcradgh ljg`jrt gh` zhlaij ah Crghdj, Orapatb gdg`jmadt bg` g batperq ec dletj
dehpgdpt {apb gh` ahclzjhdj eh delehagl veladq( 17 Pbj vgrlagmjhpgrq dbghkj {gt pbj
dzlmahgpaeh ec cermjr vrepjtpt oq tzdb erkghatgpaeht gt pbj Mesjmjhp cer Delehagl
Crjj`em, pbj Ijhqg Demmappjj, pbj Gcradg Ozrjgz, gh` pbj Ghpa-Tlgsjrq Tedajpq( Cer
tjsjrgl qjgrt, pbjtj erkghatgpaeht bg` ojjh vresa`ahk Gcradgh ljg`jrt, tzdb gt Pem
Moeqg, {apb gddjtt pe pbj Orapatb vrjtt gh` pbj Orapatb vzolad( Pbjq tzddjttczllq ahcztj`
pbj Orapatb velapadgl tqtpjm {apb pbj hjj` pe pgij pbj kesjrhj` ahpe dehta`jrgpaeh oq
jtpgolatbahk gh gddezhpgoalapq oq vreq(
1?
Vevzlgr drapadatm tahdj 71:: gkgahtp pbj
`jpgahjj dgmvt bg` ojjh dehtpghplq kre{ahk ah selzmj, tpgrpahk {apb tvjdacadgllq ghpa-
amvjraglatp erkghatgpaeht gh` mesahk pe tzdb vzoladgpaeht gt pbj Eotjrsjr, pbj @galq
Marrer, gh` pbj Hj{ Tpgpjtmgh(14Pbj vgh`jmehazm pbgp oreij ezp gcpjr 4 Mgrdb 71:1
{bjh 77 `jpgahjjt {jrj iallj` gh` ?6 epbjrt {ezh`j` gp pbj Belg dgmv zh`jr cerdj`-
{eri deh`apaeht cahgllq orezkbp kjhjrgl `atkrgdj pe pbj jhparj `jpgahjj dgmv tqtpjm( 10
Pbj pzmzlp ah Vgrlagmjhp `zrahk pbj `jogpj eh ?; Nzlq 71:1 ahdlz`j` jsjh kesjrhmjhp
tjgpt( Bg` g sepj ec djhtzrj ojjh pgijh, Dehtjrsgpasjt makbp bgsj neahj` ah( Pbj cgdp
16 Mgdlje` pe Mgdmallgh, ?: Mgq 71:1, V_JM 77%?:24 V_E Tbjvbjr`, Agah Mgdlje`, vv( 12, 7,774-7?717 Nebh Leht`glj, /Gcradgh Tpz`ajt, Jzrevj # Gcradg/, _jsatj` sjrtaeh ec Vljhgrq Ljdpzrj kasjh pe pbj GJKAT dehcjrjhdj eh
Gcradgh Tpz`ajt gp pbj Tdbeel ec Erajhpgl gh` Gcradgh Tpz`ajt, Leh`eh, eh 46pb Nzhj ?66:,bppv>%%{{{(hemg`ap(de(zi%xgjkat%`e{hleg`t%leht`glj(`ed9 Lgzraj G( Orgh`, /Tdbelgrtbav ah pbj Tbg`e{ ec Jmvarj"?660 MJTG Vrjta`jhpagl G``rjtt!/, Ma``lj Jgtp Tpz`ajt Gttedagpaeh Ozlljpah, Sel( 41, He( 7 "Tzmmjr ?66:!(Ybppv>%%cv(gra~ehg(j z%mjtgtted%Ozlljpah%Vrjt*?6G``rjttjt%Orgh (bpm]1? T( Be{j, Ghpadelehaglatm ah Orapatb Velapadt> Pbj Ljcp gh` pbj Jh` ec Jmvarj, 7172-7130 "Ecer`, 7114!, v( 4?;( _jwzjtp cer
rjkzlgr ahcermgpaeh, zhtakhj`, crem Cgoagh Ozrjgz pe Pem Moeqg 76 Gzk( 71:0, Mtt( Orap( Jmv( t( 43:%773%7, CDO(Derrjtveh`jhdj ojp{jjh Ngmjt Nebhteh, MV, Mgq Nzlq 71:;, Madr( Gcr( t( :23 NGMJT NEBHTEH, _B(14Eotjrsjr, 1 Edp( 71::9 O( Dgtplj, Nztpadj ah Ijhqg, Pbj Hj{ Tpgpjtmgh gh` Hgpaeh, 7;(7?(71::, glte g tjrajt ah @galq Marrer,; @jd(71::, 1 @jd( 71::, 76 @jd( 71::, Mtt( Orap( Jmv( t( ??, K :41, GHPA TLGSJ_Q TEDAJPQ, _B(10_jder` ec Vredjj`ahkt gh` Jsa`jhdj ah pbj Ahwzarq ahpe pbj @jgpb ec Jljsjh Mgz Mgz @jpgahjjt gp Belg Dgmv ah Ijhqg,
Leh`eh, Dmh`( ;1:, vv( 74:-741, ah bat ahwzarq pbj nz`kj bgt grrasj` gp pbj dehdlztaeh pbgp lgoezr jhcerdjmjhp {gt alljkglbe{jsjr vgrp ec pbj ojgpahkt {jrj lg{czl `atdavlahgrq gdpaeh, [( B( Kez`aj, @edzmjhpt _jlgpahk pe pbj @jgpbt ec Jljsjh MgzMgz @jpgahjjt gp Belg Dgmv Ijhqg"Leh`eh, 71:1!, Dm`h( ;;2, vv( 0-:, 70-7:( Vgrl( @jot(, Beztj ec Demmeht, ?; Nzlq 71:1,sel( 376, del( ?47, D( Pe{htbjh`, Orapgaht Dasal [grt, v( ?63, Jliaht, Amvjragl _jdiehahk, vv( 477-4:0, jtv( v( 4:7 ah Ogrogrg
Dgtplj+t tvjjdb eh Belg ah pbj Demmeht(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
29/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( ?1
pbgp pbj tperm {gt ahclgpj` oq pbj vreamapq pe g kjhjrgl jljdpaeh {gt ec lapplj telgdj pe
pbj kesjrhmjhp(1:
Pbj amverpghdj ec Belg gt g {gpjrtbj` ah glle{ahk g rg`adgl dbghkj ah Orapatb
veladq ah Ijhqg at czllq gddjvpj`( Gt pbj jatpjhdj ec `jpjhpaeh dgmvt {gt `jjvlq
jmoj``j` ah g delehagl veladq pbgp tpresj pe jhcerdj eh pbj Gcradgh mgnerapq g mzlpa-rgdagl
tpgpj, tzdb ahda`jhpt {jrj oezh` pe rjdzr( Pbat mjghp, pbgp Belg dezl` oj rjvjgpj`(13
[bgp at ljtt grkzj` at be{ dehclgpj` oepb dratjt {jrj gt g rjglatgpaeh ec cjgrt pbgp cer
qjgrt bg` ojjh `asa`ahk pbj Orapatb eccadagl mah` eh veladq {balj ravjhahk ap cer dbghkj(
Tmgll {eh`jr, pbgp Mgdmallgh paj` oepb pekjpbjr oq ztahk pbj Mgz Mgz kbetp pe `jcljdp
drapadatm crem pbj Hqgtglgh` Jmjrkjhdq tpgpj( Pbj rjsasj` mjmerq ec pbj berrer ec ehj
dratat {gt pe orahk tqmvgpbq cer pbj epbjr, gh` pbj ezpdrq esjr pbj epbjr dezl` vgsj pbj
{gq pe pbj telzpaeh ec oepb( Epbjr{atj, ap tjjmt bgr`lq vlgztaolj pbgp pbj lehk re{ ec
+atelgpj` ahda`jhpt+ pbgp bg` rgatj` metplq rjtjhpmjhp gkgahtp pbj vrepjtpjrt gt Mgz
Mgz tqmvgpbatjrt tz``jhlq ahapagpj` rjcerm(1; Ap at pee tamvlj pe vzp ap `e{h mjrjlq pe
pbj tdglj ec pbjtj vgrpadzlgr zvbjgsglt( Pbj Djhprgl Gcradgh Jmjrkjhdq orezkbp pbj
@jslah rjverp gh` pbj `jhzhdagpaeh ec pbj +Veladj Tpgpj+, gh` Belg orezkbp pbj Cgarh
Demmattaeh( Pbj demmattaeht cah`ahkt orezkbp g dehta`jrgolj rj`zdpaeh ah pbj
kesjrhert Jmjrkjhdq ve{jrt pe grrjtp gh` `jpgah {apbezp pragl gcpjr pbj tpgpj ec
Jmjrkjhdq ah Ijhqg {gt lacpj` ah 71:1(12 Ozp tjj`t ec dbghkj cer g lehk-jhprjhdbj`
1: Mgdmallght `agrq jhprq cer : Mgrdb 71:1, ah Berhj, Mgdmallgh, v( 7;:( J( Ve{jll, Vgrl( @jot(, Beztj ec Demmeht, ?; Nzlq71:1, sel( 376, delt ?4?-?4;, Mgdlje`, Vgrl( @jot(, Beztj ec Demmeht, ? Hes( 71:1, sel( 37?, delt(, 332-3;6(13 Dgoahp dehdlztaeht, 77 Nzhj 71:1, DD":1!40 DGO 7?2%44 V_E(1; Gh`jrteh, Batperq ec pbj Bghkj`, vv( 46;-4779 ahdlz`jt pbj dapgpaeh crem Lqppjlpeh+t mjmeart rjcjrrahk pe pbj /atelgpj`ahda`jhpt/(12Vgrl( @jot(, Beztj ec Demmeht, sel( 367, del( ?7;-?72, 4 Mgrdb 71:1( Berhj, Mgdmallgh, vv( 726-72?( Mehteh "DE, Leh`eh!
pe _jhateh, , ?2 Edp( 71:1, DE 2??%744:, V_E
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
30/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( 46
veladq dgh ojtp oj cezh` ah pbj Mgz Mgz hakbpmgrj pbgp pbj kesjrhmjhp te zh{appahklq
te{j`(
Oq Gvral 71:1, Mgdmallgh {gt jvrjttahk evjh vjttamatm goezp pbj czpzrj ec
delehagl rzlj esjr Jgtp Gcradg gh` {gt dehsahdj` ec pbj zrkjhdq cer dbghkj( @zrahk g
mjjpahk ec pbj Delehagl Veladq Demmappjj esjr g mjmergh`zm oq pbj Delehagl Eccadj,
`jmedrgdq {gt mjhpaehj` gt g vettaoalapq( Ah Mgq 71:1 bat Tjdrjpgrq cer Lgoezr gh`
Hgpaehgl Bjglpb {gt mezpbahk pbj tgmj {er`t pbezkb pe oj vetpvehj` pe gh
zhihe{h czpzrj(11 Pbat {gt hep g telzpaeh pbj vgrpq dezl` tpemgdb gp pbj pamj( Belg gh`
g tzddjttczl jljdpaeh cgdalapgpj` pbj dbghkj(
Pbj gddjljrgpaeh pe ah`jvjh`jhdj {gt tpall dehta`jrj` cgr crem g cerjkehj
dehdlztaeh( Jsjh gp pbat veahp, Mgdmallgh {gt dehsahdj` pbgp p{e cerdjt {jrj dgvgolj ec
orahkahk goezp g dasal {gr ah Ijhqg> Ac Orapgah {ezl` +mesj pee cgtp {apb pbj jpjhtaeh ec
pbj crghdbatj pbj merj rjgdpaehgrq {bapj vjevlj ah Gcradg makbp prq gh` neah pbj Zhaeh( Ac
{j `e hep mesj cgtp jhezkb, pbj Gcradght {ezl` ljg` pbj `atpzroghdjt(+766 P{e
evvetahk saj{veahpt, tzdb gt pbgp ec @gmj Mgrkjrq Vjrbgm g laojrgl batperagh gh` g
crajh` ec Gcradg, {be ojlajsj` ah `jmedrgdq gh` pbgp ec Ler` Tglatozrq {be ojlajsj` ah
vgpjrhglatm, oepb dehta`jrj` Orapatb kza`ghdj, gt {jll gt g oe`q ec prgahj` tjhaer
g`mahatprgpert gh` eccadjrt ah pbj grmj` cerdjt, gt hjdjttgrq cer ah`jvjh`jhdj gh`
vjgdjczl ahpjr-rgdagl de-jatpjhdj(767 Tpall, glpbezkb jsjrqehj gkrjj` oq pbjh pbgp pamj
{gt rzhhahk tberp, ap {gt cgr crem zhghamezt nztp be{ tberp(
11 Delehagl Veladq Demmappjj 7tp mjjpahk, 7; Gvral 71:1 Mjme 76 Gvral 71:1, DVD":1!?9 Mjme Hes( 71:1 DVD":1!72 DGO
740%7::2 V_E(766 _jder` ec g mjjpahk ojp{jjh Mgdmallgh gh` @gsa` Tpjrlahk gh` Demmeh{jglpb Tjdrjpgrq 77 Nzhj 71:1 V_JM77%?:24,V_E( @( G( Le{,Pbj Jdlavtj ec Jmvarj"Dgmora`kj, Hj{ Qeri, 7117!, v( ?04(767 Mgrkjrq Vjrbgm, Ljppjr pe pbj J`aper, Pbj Pamjt, 76 Nzh, 7137, v( 779 Tglatozrq, Ljppjr pe pbj J`aper, Pbj Pamjt, 2 Nzh, 7137,
v( 7:(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
31/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( 47
[bjh Mgdmallgh dbetj Agah Mgdlje` pe rjvlgdj Ljhhe-Oeq` bj bg` g rgpj ec
gddjljrgpaeh ah mah`( Bj ihe{ahklq gvveahpj` pbj mgh {be ah Mgq bg` glrjg`q
jvrjttj` pe Mgdmallgh pbgp ah Ijhqg gt jltj{bjrj, +pbj rakbpt ec pbj ah`asa`zgl tbezl`
oj tjdzrj` pe bam oq sarpzj ec bat vetapaeh gt g dapa~jh rgpbjr pbgh pbj delezr ec bat tiah
er bat mjmojrtbav ec g vgrpadzlgr demmzhapq+( Ah Ijhqg pbat {ezl` mjgh gh Gcradgh
mgnerapq ah pbj jljdpj` dezhdalt( Zlpamgpjlq, Mgdlje`+t sataeh ec g demmeh{jglpb
zh`jr{rappjh oq mgnerapq rzlj jhtzrj` g bgtpjhahk ec Gcradgh ah`jvjh`jhdj, gt {jll gt g
bjg -eh dellataeh {apb pbj Dehtjrsgpasj rakbp {ahk(76?
Te Mgdmallgh cjlp bj bg` pe mesj cgtp gh` qjp tle{lq gp pbj tgmj pamj( Ap {gt pe
pbat pzhj pbgp Mgdlje` {gt tahkahk {bjh bj gkrjj` pbgp pbj mgner gam ah Gcradg {gt pe
ke tle{lq ozp pbgp gdpaeh bg` pe oj pgijh gt t{acplq gt vettaolj( Gcpjr gll, bj {gt `jjvlq
dehsahdj` pbgp +pbahkt grj mesahk sjrq cgtp ah Gcradg+( Pbgp `jcahapjlq mg`j Ijhqg, +pbj
rjgl vreoljm cer zt+(764
Pbzt, delehagl veladq zh`jr Mgdmallgh gh` Mgdlje` bg` pe ght{jr pe p{e
gvvgrjhplq dehprgrq hjj`t( Ap bg` pe mesj cgtp jhezkb pe vrjsjhp gh Gcradgh jvletaeh,
ozp tle{lq jhezkb pe dgrrq glehk gp ljgtp pbj me`jrgpj Jzrevjgh tjppljrt gh` pbjrjoq
ijjv pbj Dehtjrsgpasj Vgrpq ahpgdp( Pbjrjcerj, pbj dezrtj ec jsjhpt crem 71:2%1 pe 7134
rjcljdpt g demvrematj ojp{jjh dehcladpahk dezrtjt, rgpbjr pbgh g vjrvljapq goezp pbj
dbeadj pbjrjec(760
76? dapgpaeh crem> Mgdlje` pe Mgdmallgh, ?: Mgq 71:1, V_JM 77%?:24( Mgdmallgh tjjmj` ehlq pe gdp ahpjrjtpj` ah pbjtj attzjt gpljgtp pe temj - K( Ore{h, Ah Mq [gq> Pbj Velapadgl Mjmeart ec Ler` Kjerkj Ore{h "Leh`eh 71;7!, v( :1, Berhj, Mgdmallgh(, v(
724( Tbjvbjr`, Agah Mgdlje`, vv( ?70-?:2, te mzdb te Ler` _eojrp Dgrr, cer ahtpghdj, tztvjdpj` g Mgdbagsjllagh ahpjhp ehMgdmallgh+t vgrp ah pbj gvveahpmjhp, aoa`, v( 736764 Mgdlje` pe Mgdmallgh 7; Cjo( 7136 V_JM77%4647 dapgpaeh crem> Mgdlje` pe Mgdmallgh, rjverpahk crem bat satap pe Gcradg, ?1@jd( 71:1, v( V_JM77%?:23 V_E(760 Gt Bjahljah tzkkjtpt, Bjahljah, Orapatb Kesjrhmjhp Veladq gh` @jdelehatgpaeh, v( 71;
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
32/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( 4?
Mgdlje` {gt rjmgrigolq zhpezdbj` oq pbj Mgz Mgz kbetp( Bj {gt ah`jj` amozj` oq
g cjjlahk ec zrkjhdq, ozp pbat {gt vrjdavapgpj` oq g `accjrjhp lekad glpekjpbjr> +pbj lekad ec
pbj prghtcjr ec ve{jr ah [jtp Gcradg mjghp pbgp ap mztp demj t{acplq ah Jgtp gh` tpjg`alq
ah Djhprgl Gcradg( Ah`jvjh`jhdj ehdj kasjh pe pbj Gcradgh ah pbj Kel` Degtp dezl` hep
cer lehk oj `jhaj` pe bat orepbjr ah Ijhqg+(76: [bjh Mgdlje` bg` pe ztj gh ghglekq cer
g cgalj` dezhpjrahtzrkjhdq, Dqvrzt {gt bat dbeadj, rgpbjr pbgh Ijhqg(763 Pbj rjgteh
tjjmt tprgakbpcer{gr`( Pbj grmq dehta`jrj` pbj Ijhqg Jmjrkjhdq esjr gh` `ehj {apb
oq 71::%39 ap {gt g velapadgl kbetp, hep g malapgrq ehj( Mgdlje` {gt hep bgzhpj` oq pbj
Mgz Mgz ojdgztj bj {gt laij{atj hep bgzhpj` oq pbj +ehj mgh ehj sepj+ vrahdavlj pe
{badb Mgz Mgz bg` ojdgmj g tqhehqm( Glrjg`q ah 71:0 ah bat dehpraozpaeh pe pbj
_jtjgrdb Tpz`q Krezv, Mgdlje` bg` ojlajsj` pbgp +temjpbahk {gt mattahk ah ezr
delehagl veladq+, temjpbahk {badb bj `a` hep tvjdacq ozp {badb bat oaekrgvbjr cjlp bg` pe
oj ah pbj bzmghapgragh `amjhtaeh( Czrpbjrahk bzmgh rakbpt gh` pbj crgpjrhapq ec
bzmghiah` {jrj a`jglt Mgdlje` bg` dletj gp bjgrp g vetapaeh vjrbgvt ojppjr
gvvrjdagpj` gdrett pbj cleer(76;
Glpbezkb pbj Lghdgtpjr Beztj Dehcjrjhdj `a` hep `jda`j eh pbj `jmedrgpad
vrahdavlj, apt gpmetvbjrj {gt vjrmjgpj` oq pbj vrjtjhdj ec g delehagl tjdrjpgrq {be
{gt ihe{h cer bat dehsadpaeh pbgp ap bg` ojppjr demj teehjr pbgh lgpjr( Mgdlje` dezl`
ztj pbj pbrjgp ec jvletaeh ah Gcradg gt {jll gt ghqehj ozp {gt eosaeztlq ljtt
dehsahdahk cer bat vgrpq+t rakbp {ahk( 762 Bj bg` gp ljgtp ehj jqj eh pbj velapadgl dehpjp
ah pbj bemj mgrijp( Te bj g`satj` pbj vramj mahatpjr gkgahtp tjjahk Krezv Dgvpgah
76: Agah Mgdlje`, /Orapgah+t Czpzrj Veladq ah Gcradg/, [jjijh` Pjljkrgvb, 7? Mgrdb 713:763 Agah Mgdlje`, /Prezolj ah Gcradg/, Pbj Tvjdpgper, 47 Ngh( 713076; Tbjvbjr`, Agah Mgdlje`, vv( 12, 7,774-7?7(762 Mgdlje` pe Mgdmallgh, ?6 Cjo( 7136, V_JM77%4647 V_E(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
33/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( 44
Orakkt, {be bjg`j` pbj ahprghtakjhp {ahk ec pbj tjppljrt, jvlgahahk pbgp pbat krezv
demmgh`j` he tzvverp ah pbj Leh`eh Vgrlagmjhp(761
Ozp Mgdlje` zh`jrjtpamgpj` pbj zh{allahkhjtt ec pbj rjtp ec pbj vgrpq pe ijjv zv
{apb pbj vgdj bj {gt tjppahk( Bj glte tjjmj` pe matt pbgp g hzmojr ec pbjm {jrj
rjtveh`ahk pe cjgr rgpbjr pbjh bevj( Ah @jdjmojr 7137, bat tzddjtter, _jkahgl`
Mgz`lahk, {be dehta`jrj` +praoglatm+ merj jvletasj pbgh +rgdaglatm+, hepacaj` pbj dgoahjp
pbgp pbj Hakjragh `jmgh` pe pbj Zhapj` Hgpaeht cer ah`jvjh`jhdj {apbah 76 qjgrt
tzkkjtpj` pbgp merj ahpjrhgpaehgl tzvverp pbgh {gt vrjsaeztlq jvjdpj` dezl` oj
cerpbdemahk cer tle{ahk `e{h pbj vgdj ah Ijhqg( Hjsjrpbjljtt, pbjq {jrj tpall gcrga` ap
dezl` ljg` pe gh jvletaeh( 776 Tzdb {gt pbj ljkgdq ec pbj Mgz Mgz kbetp pbgp bg` ojjh
dehnzrj` tahdj pbj tzvvrjttaeh(
Dehdlztaeh
Pbj ahclzjhdj ec g rjojllaeh er g pjrreratp mesjmjhp tbezl` oj gttjttj` ah g
oreg`jr dehpjp pbgh gt g malapgrq dehcrehpgpaeh, gh` {apbah g lehkjr tvgh ec pamj pbgh
pbj vjrae` ec `arjdp cakbpahk( Gp apt bjakbp, pbj Mgz Mgz ahtzrrjdpaeh {gt mjp {apb glmetp
vbaletevbadgl amvjrpzrogoalapq ah Leh`eh( Pbj pepgl lgdi ec tqmvgpbq {apb pbj rjojlt, gh`
pbj dglm {apb {badb pbj dezhpjrahtzrkjhdq {gt mjp ah Leh`eh, glle{j` pbj Orapatb g crjj
bgh` ah pbj tzvvrjttaeh {apbezp ghq mgpjragl dbghkj ec veladq(
Ozp nztp gt pbj cakbpahk {gt esjr, pbj gttjttmjhp ec pbj Mgz Mgz ojkgh pe
dbghkj( Veladq mgijrt ah Leh`eh dehtpghplq {erraj` pbgp pbj Mgz Mgz {jrj
761 Mgdlje` pe Mgdmallgh, 7; Cjo( 71:1, aoa`(776 Dgoahjp Dehdlztaeh, 71 @jd( 7137, DD"37!;:, DGO 7?2%4: V_E( @gsa` M( Gh`jrteh, /+Qezrt ah Tprzkklj cer Mgnamoe+(Hgpaehglatm gh` pbj Vgrpq Velapadt ec @jdeleha~gpaeh ah Ijhqg, 71::-7130/, Nezrhgl ec Dehpjmvergrq Batperq, l vp( 4,"?66:!, vv(
:02-1, :::(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
34/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( 40
rjgvvjgrahk( Pbat tjdeh` vbgtj ec gttjttmjhp ec pbj Mgz Mgz bg` ozp lapplj pe `e {apb
pbj tjdzrapq tapzgpaeh ah Ijhqg( _gpbjr, pbj ehkeahk vrjttzrj crem Ijhqgh Gcradght eh
g {erl` ve{jr bzmolj` oepb malapgralq gh` ahpjrhgpaehgllq {balj `atdavlahahk gh j-
delehagl ahtzoer`ahgpj `zrahk pbj Tzj~ dehcladp rjtzrrjdpj` pbj rjojllaeh ah g mgkhacaj`
cerm( Glpbezkb pbat pamj ap {gt przlq ehlq g Mgz Mgz ec pbj mah`, ap {gt mzdb merj
ahclzjhpagl pbgh pbj +rjgl+ tvjdamjh( Pbat hj{ cjgr ec g vettaolj Gcradgh zvratahk, velapadgl
er malapgrq, bg` gh amverpghp jccjdp eh pbj jdelehatgpaeh ec Ijhqg(
[gt ap pbjh pbj Mgz Mgz {be `resj pbj Orapatb ezp5 Ap at rgpbjr a`lj pe tvjdzlgpj
{bjpbjr gh jgrlajr jvjrajhdj pbgp pbj Orapatb dezl` rjdehtprzdp ahpe g hj{ pbrjgp mgijt
Mgz Mgz pbj zlpamgpj sadper( Ac te, pbj Orapatb {jrj dehtvadzeztlq zhg{grj ec pbj cgdp gp
pbj pamj( Te, cer pbgp mgppjr, {jrj pbj Gcradght( Eh pbj epbjr bgh`, pbj gttjrpaeh pbgp ap
{gt g +Mgz Mgz ec pbj mah`+ pbgp ljcp g cgr krjgpjr amvrjttaeh eh pbj Orapatb pbgh pbj
Mgz Mgz ec cljtb gh` olee` `ejt hep mahamatj pbj amverpghdj ec pbj Gcradgh velapadgl
tprzkklj, Gt g tbgvahk cgdper ec pbj Ijhqgh ah`jvjh`jhp tpgpj, pbj hgpaehglatp tprzkklj
pbgp dehpahzj` `zrahk pbj vjrae` ec 71:3-7134 krj{ ezp ec pbj Mgz Mgz tprzkklj(777 Cer
pbj Orapatb jtpgolatbmjhp ah pbj lgpj 71:6t velapadgl gt {jll gt eccadagl pbj p{e
pbrjgpjhj` pe dehsjrkj(
[apbgl, pbj dbghkj ec veladq dgmj ehlq gcpjr 71:2%1 {apb g vramj mahatpjr {be, ah
Ljhhe-Oeq`+t {er`t, {gt he amvjraglatp gh` g delehagl tjdrjpgrq {be {atbj` pe oj pbj
lgtp ec bat iah`(77? Ap {gt gt mzdb `zj pe g dbghkj` velapadgl gpmetvbjrj( Gcpjr pbj Tzj~
`jogdlj, pbj Cerjakh Eccadj {gt gt ijjh pe eotjrsj, gt Mgdmallgh bamtjlc, pbj
amverpghdj ec Gmjradgh kee` {all( Pbj zvregr esjr pbj Belg dgmv ahda`jhp gh` pbj
777 Ekep, +Pbj @jdatasj Qjgrt+, v( :79 Iqlj, aoa`, v( 2;(77? Ljhhe-Oeq` wzepj` oq Iqlj, Pbj velapadt ec Ah`jvjh`jhdj ec Ijhqg, v( 11 gh` Mgdlje`+t {atb rjmjmojrj` oq Vjpjr
Kel`mgh wzepj` oq Tbjvbjr`, Agah Mgdlje`, v( 737(
-
7/31/2019 Hilda Nissimi (2006), "Mau Mau and the Decolonisation of Kenya", Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 8,
35/35
Nezrhgl ec Malapgrq gh` Tprgpjkad Tpz`ajt, Tvrahk ?663, Sel( 2, Attzj 4( 4:
tprzkkljt cer rgdagl jwzglapq rjcljdpj` dbghkj` gppapz`jt ah Orapgah gt mzdb gt del` {gr
dehta`jrgpaeht( Pbjq glte vresa`j` cer pbj Dehtjrsgpasj Vgrpq pbj mgpjraglatgpaeh ec g
kbetp pbgp bg` gvvjgrj` metplq ah eccadagl vgvjrt, bjlvahk pe mesj pbjm g{gq crem
{beljbjgrpj` tzvverp ec pbj Ijhqg tjppljrt gh` mzlpa-rgdaglatm pe gddjvpghdj ec g crjj
Ijhqg rzlj` oq gh Gcradgh mgnerapq(
Pbj prghtcermgpaeh dgmj vgrplq cer a`jelekadgl rjgteht, vgrplq cer jljdpergl
rjgteht, gh` zh`jrlqahk gll g cjgr "hep wzapj tzvverpj` oq cgdp! ec g rjhj{gl ec pbj
Mgz Mgz, {apbah pbat jhparjlq glpjrj` velapadgl gh` ahpjrhgpaehgl dehpjp( Ah pbat dehpjp,
{bjh dezhpjrahtzrkjhdq {gt merj laijlq pe oj rjg` gt amvjraglatpad tzvvrjttaeh, Gcradgh
hgpaehglatm {apb ghq pbrjgp ec saeljhdj ojdgmj tqhehqmezt {apb Mgz Mgz(