Highway Safety for Emergency Service Personnel
description
Transcript of Highway Safety for Emergency Service Personnel
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Highway Safety for Emergency Service
Personnel
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Introduction - Pre-Quiz Evaluation15 minutes
Chapter I - Extent of the Problem30 minutes
Chapter II - Planning, Multi Agency
Communication and Coordination20 minutes
Break10 minutes
Chapter III - SOPs/SOGs20 minutes
Chapter IV - On Scene Operation: 30 minutes
The First 60 minutes
Program Overview
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Program Overview Cont’d
Chapter V - Apparatus Design& Equipment 20 minutes
Break 10 minutesChapter VI - Scenarios & Best Practices 45 minutesChapter VII - Review 20 minutesCourse Wrap - Post Quiz - Evaluation. 20 minutes
Total Time 240 minutes - 4 hours
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Program Objectives
Understand the Overall Goal of this Highway Safety Program
Recognize the Importance of this Highway Safety Program
Identify the Elements of this Highway Safety Program
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Definition of Highway
Any roadway on which a Vehicle-Related Incident could occur
This could include interstate, suburban, rural, dirt and other roadways
Anywhere a vehicle could travel
For this course, the term “highway” refers to:
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Comprehensive Highway Safety
Program
Classroom Instruction Initial Training, Orientation & Drills Testing and Evaluation
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Listen to This Audio
Midwest City, Oklahoma
Click speaker icon to hear 911 call
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Chapter 1
Extent of the Problem
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Extent of the Problem Objectives
Describe the Roles and Responsibilities Related to Personal Safety at Highway Incident Scenes.
Recognize the factors that contribute to the incidence of highway emergency worker injury and death.
Discuss the Impact of Injuries and Deaths to Emergency Service Workers.
Explain the rationale for changing the attitude of emergency workers at highway incidents.
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Perspective
Reflect on Your First FF or EMS class What Do You Remember about
Highway Safety? Potential for Personal Injury Changes in Vehicles Increased Traffic Volume
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3 3 34
1 1 12 2
45 5 5 5
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0123456789
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87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01
Fire/ EMS - FatalitiesStruck by Vehicles
Number of Fatalities perYear
Highway Injury/Accident Data FIRE/EMS Fatalities
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2000 Fire & EMS Incidents
22 incidents involving Fire & EMS personnel
4 Firefighter & 1 EMT Fatalities 19 Fire or EMS responders injured 13 fire apparatus or ambulances struck
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33 Incidents Total(31 in U.S., 1 in Australia & 1 in Canada)
8 Fire/EMS Fatalities – 6 in U.S. & 1 Firefighter each in Australia & Canada
26 Fire/EMS responders injured
2001 Fire & EMS Incidents
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2001 Fire & EMS Incidents
19 Incidents while operating at MVA scenes 9 Incidents while personnel “directing traffic” 9 Incidents while operating at fire scenes 4 Incidents while backing units into stations 4 Incidents involving fire apparatus that
“moved” while parked at incidents
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Extent of the Problem
What They Didn’t Teach You in FF1 or EMT class………
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“It Was Just A Routine Call”
LIONVILLE , PA March 9, 1998 – Raining with wet roadways Initial alarm was at 14:10 for a car in a ditch
on the PA. Turnpike. Uwchlan Ambulance and Lionville Fire /
Rescue responded with an Ambulance, Engine, Rescue, the Chief & an Assistant Chief.
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“It Was Just A Routine Call”
Tractor Trailer driver loses control and crashes into scene.
Mass confusion at the scene. Many assist companies self-dispatched. Heavy radio traffic due to weather related
calls Weather grounded Medivac right after crash.
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“It Was Just A Routine Call”
Aftermath of the crash. 8 firefighters and 2 EMT’s involved in the crash 1 fatality and 9 serious injuries. Assistant Chief was disabled for several
months – Eventually resigned from the department.
Physical therapy and numerous surgeries for one firefighter.
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Midwest City, OK
NIOSH Investigation
Firefighter Killed
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Firefighter Killed
Midwest City, OK
NIOSH Investigation
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NIOSH Firefighter Fatality
Investigations NIOSH Report 99F-27 - August 5, 1999 Incident in
Oklahoma - 2 Career firefighters were struck on an interstate; one was killed, and one with serious injuries< http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/face9927.html >
NIOSH Report 99F-38 - September 27, 1999 Incident in South Carolina - Volunteer dies after being struck by a tractor trailer truck. < http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/face9938.html >
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Establish, implement and enforce, standard operating procedures (SOP’s) regarding emergency operations for highway incidents.
Position apparatus to take advantage of topography and weather conditions (uphill / upwind) & protect firefighters from traffic.
First control oncoming vehicles before addressing the emergency event, in the event the police have not arrived.
Ensure that personnel position themselves and victims in a secure area, when it’s not possible to protect the incident scene.
(DOT) - Use of “variable message signs” to inform motorists of hazardous conditions or vehicular accidents.
Recommendations
NIOSH Firefighter Fatality
Investigations
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Ensure that personnel park or stage unneeded vehicles off the street / highway whenever possible.
Ensure that personnel wear personal protective clothing that is suitable to that incident while operating at an emergency scene such as a highly reflectorized flagger vest (strong yellow green and orange ).
Ensure that personnel conducting traffic control measures use a highly visible stop / slow paddle.
Establish pre-incident plans for areas that have a higher rate of automobile incidents.
NIOSH Firefighter Fatality
InvestigationsRecommendations
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01-01-02: Madras, OR – Paramedic struck & killed. Placing flares out to protect the scene of an MVA when he was struck by tractor trailer.
01-02-02: Tampa, FL – Fire Engine struck on scene of a shopping center building fire. Engine was in parking lot, and was struck by a stolen car driven by a teenager.
01-06-02: Goochland, VA – Firefighter struck & leg amputated. Car skidded on ice and struck firefighter who was pinned between two vehicles.
2002 Fire & EMS Incidents
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03-13-02: Norfolk, VA – 2 Firefighters struck & injured. Fighting a car fire in HOV lanes in dense fog. Struck by civilian who could not see the scene.
03-20-02: Gluckstadt , MS – Firefighter struck & killed. Working an MVA on an Interstate, struck by motorist while crossing the road.
03-25-02: Long Island, NY – 2 Firefighters struck. One killed and one seriously injured. Driver under the influence ran through road barricades and struck them at the scene of a training exercise.
2002 Incidents Cont’d.
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6-8-02: Wildwood, FL – Off-duty FF and physician were killed assisting at rescue
7-1-02: Esko, MN – FF killed and other injured after chain reaction plows into their work area
8-19-02: Richmond County, NC – Chief struck by vehicle assisting at accident
10-6-02: Jefferson County, OK – Two Paramedics killed 11-30-02: Valence, France – Five FF killed – two of
which are thrown into Drome River
2002 Incidents Cont’d
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Contributing Factors
Ineffective Notice to Civilian Drivers Weather and Roadway Conditions Lack of Visibility and Lighting Emergency Worker Physical Movement Private Vehicles Protection of the Scene
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Impacts of ESO Injuries & Deaths
Death of ESO Personnel Death Caused by ESO Personnel Long Term Impact Psychological Impact
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Loss of Experienced Personnel Stress of Criminal or Civil Litigation Financial Impact to ESO Failure to Deliver Service Poor Public Image Related to Safety
Other Concerns
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“Firefighters responding to calls need to operate as if someone is trying to run
them over.”–James Joyce
Fire CommissionerChicago Fire Department
Words to Live By
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Chapter 2
Planning, Multi-Agency Coordination & Communication
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Discuss How Planning Reduces the Amount of On-Scene Time
Discuss the Unified Command Process Related to Highway Incidents
List Exercises to Utilize to Improve Communication & Coordination
Identify Highway Safety Threat Areas
Communication & Coordination
Objectives
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Planning Training with Other Agencies Tabletop Exercises Simulations Post-Incident Analysis
Communication & Coordination
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Assure first arriving emergency vehicle establish an initial block to create a safe work area
Assess the parking needs of EMS, later arriving apparatus and other highway responders
Assure that all ambulances on-scene are placed within the protected work area
Incident & Unified Command
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Instruct the driver of the ambulance to “block to the right” or “block to the left” to position the rear patient loading area away from the closest lane of moving traffic.
Assure that all patient loading into transporting EMS vehicles is done within a protected work zone.
Incident & Unified Command
Cont’d.
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Accountability on the Scene
“Best Practices”
Accountability System in Place on ALL Incidents
Ability to account for all personnel on scene Could you identify if any of your crew were
under a vehicle that intruded on your scene?
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Identifying Target Locations Highway Construction Projects Special Events Planned Detours
Planning, Communication & Coordination
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SOPs/SOGs
Chapter 3
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Differentiate Between SOGs and SOPs related to Highway Safety
Better Understand the Benefits of SOGs related to Highway Safety
List Highway Safety Subject Areas for Consideration in SOPs/SOGs
SOPs/SOGs Objectives
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Defines how ESO will Operate Don’t Confuse with Pre-Plans Not Intended to Duplicate Technical
Information
What are SOPs/SOGs?
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All Personnel Understand What is Expected or Required
Intended Compliance with all Necessary Requirements is Identified
Planned Agreed Upon Actions Resource Document upon which to Base
Training Required Actions Have Been Anticipated
General Provisions
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Laws, Regulations and Standards Interface with Other Documents Administrative Requirements Operational Reasons
Legal & Regulatory Implications
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Highway Safety Awareness
Incorporate highway safety awareness into Firefighter 1 or EMT classes
Include in Station or Company Orientation Include in Annual Service Training Bulletins, SOGs, Lessons for Losses Evaluate apparatus placement and safety procedures
during all drills and training sessions
Build highway safety awareness through more intense training
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Chapter 4
On Scene Operations:The First 60 Minutes
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Describe the Effects of SOPs/SOGs on Emergency Response to Various Highway Incidents
Describe the Actions that Must be Fulfilled at a Highway Emergency Scene to Ensure Safe Operation
List and Describe Personal Safety Measures to be used by Emergency Responders while working in or Near Moving Traffic
On Scene Operation Objectives
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Describe the Roles and Responsibilities of the Emergency Service Worker Related to Personal Safety at Highway Incidents
Recognize and Respond to the Emotional and Psychological affects Emergency Workers Experience at Highway Incidents
On Scene Operation Objectives Cont’d.
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Response Positioning of Emergency Vehicles
On Scene Operations
The First 60 Minutes
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“Best Practices”Safety Officer assigned for scene safety
Scene hazards and traffic control
The First 60 Minutes Safety
Officer
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Don appropriate reflective vest and clothing
Look before exiting the vehicle Exit and Enter the Vehicle on the
Downstream Side Look Before You Step
Personal Safety Measures
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Keep Your Eyes on the Traffic Limit Your Exposure Reduce Your Profile
Safety Measures Cont’d.
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Guard the Scene - Guard the Crew
The First 60 Minutes
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Look Before Exiting the
Vehicle
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MUTCD Summary Components Parts of a Traffic Control Zone
- Advance Warning - Transition Area - Activity Area (Buffer & Work Space) - Termination Area
Temporary Traffic Control Zone
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“Best Practices” Need for advance warning to slow passing traffic; Arrow Boards, Flares, Cones, Police Cars, DOT signage Variable Message Signs, News Media / Traffic Reports
Advance Warning
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Controlling Traffic
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“Best Practices”
Establish a Flagger Using Warning
Devices
Need for Warning Devices to slow passing traffic; Arrow Boards, Flares, Cones, Police Cars, DOT signage Variable Message Signs, News Media / Traffic Reports
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Miles Per
Hour
2nd Warning Sign (B)
1st Warning Sign (A)
Transition Area Taper
Buffer Space
Work Space
Termination Area Taper
30 100 100 70 625 Length of Incident
100 Feet per Lane
40 350 350 125 825 Length of Incident
100 Feet per Lane
50 500 500 375 1000 Length of Incident
100 Feet per Lane
60 1500 1000 450 1300 Length of Incident
100 Feet per Lane
70 1500 1000 525 1450 Length of Incident
100 Feet per Lane
Temporary Traffic Control Zone
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Scene Lighting Closing Down Traffic Flow Is All Responding Equipment Really Needed Limit Time on Scene Restoring Traffic Flow
The First 60 Minutes
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Poor Scene Lighting
Good Scene Lighting
Scene Lighting
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Scene Lighting
“Best Practices” Scene Lighting:
– Reduce emergency lights, Use “Blocking” mode, Sign Boards, Arrow Boards, Arrow Sticks
– Increase use of Amber lenses (more apt to slow traffic)
– Provide scene illumination after dark
– Presence of Police vehicles shown to slow traffic
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Shut Down the Roadway– Not Popular with Law Enforcement or the public– May be Necessary ! Plan for it in advance.
Closing Down the Roadway
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Limit the Exposure – Minimum Apparatus & Personnel– Limit crews on scene to only those necessary
“Best Practices”
Staging of Other & Personal
Vehicles
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“Best Practices”
Limit the time on scene– Use two way radios to advise of conditions– Take down cones and warning signs with caution– Use Safety Officer during take down periods– Clear-up crews as soon as possible
Incident Termination
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Apparatus Design and Equipment Considerations
Chapter 5
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Describe apparatus features that should be considered for increasing the degree of safety at highway incident scenes
List and describe safety-related equipment to be included on apparatus for use at highway incidents by personnel when working in or near moving traffic
Apparatus Design & Equipment Objectives
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Apparatus Design
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Rear Safety Using Arrow Stick
Apparatus Design
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Apparatus Design
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Plano, Texas Fire Department Apparatus Markings
Apparatus Design
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Jacksonville Beach Fire Department Apparatus Markings
Apparatus Design
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Traffic Cones Portable Signs Flares Flashlights Handheld Signs
Radios Portable Air Horns Scene Tape Vests
Equipment to be Carried
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Orange 28 Inches High Two Reflective Stripes
Traffic Safety Cones
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Standard Symbols Reflective Material
(Coral) One per Direction
of Travel
Portable Signs
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Lighted Basic Message
Handheld Signs
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Class III Vests
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Removable Class III Jacket
Remaining Reflective Vest is Class II
Class II Vest
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TRAFFIC SAFETY VESTS
ANSI Class I ANSI Class II
Personal Protective
Equipment
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Personal Protective
Equipment
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“Best Practices”Require Retro-reflective or florescent clothing / PPE Structural gear may not offer “high visibility” Safety Vests - Get them & Use them! ANSI 107-1999 high Visibility Safety Apparel
– Class 1 - Traffic < 25 mph, separation from traffic– Class II - Traffic > 25 mph, inclement weather, directing traffic– Class III - Traffic > 50 mph, emergency responders
Co. Officers monitor & enforce their usage. Safety Officer should carry spares. Vests on apparatus? Assigned to each person?
Personal Protective
Equipment
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Chapter 6
Scenarios & Best Practices
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Demonstrate the ability to establish a safe, temporary work zone given various roadway types and scene conditions
Identify safety concerns given various roadway types and scene conditions
Critique the temporary work zones created in the given scenarios for operability and safety
Develop an attitude to accept, use and enforce highway workplace safety
Scenarios & Best Practice
Objectives
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Four Lane Divided Highway Multi-Lane Highway w/Grass Median Intersection Urban Street with Center Turn Two Lane Rural Curved Two-Lane Road
Scenarios
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Chapter 7
Highway Safety in Review
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Explain the Rationale for Serving as an Advocate for Highway Safety
Develop an action plan for you and your ESO to increase the awareness of highway safety
List the Minimum Equipment Necessary to Establish a Safe Work Zone
Create attitude of advocacy for highway safety
Highway Safety in Review Objectives
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Create Awareness Improve Safety Reduce Your Risk
Highway Safety Advocacy
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Create an Awareness at your ESO Identify and Acquire Equipment Review SOPs/SOGs Identify Areas for Improvement Revise SOPs/SOGs Incorporate into Training and Operation
Highway Safety Action Plan
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There is No Substitute for Training Multi-Agency Coordination and
Communication Are a Must Limit Your Time, Limit Your Exposure Give Traffic Plenty of Warning Protect the Scene With Apparatus
Ten Cones of Safety
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Always Work Away from the Traffic Be Prepared to Shut Down the Roadway Be Seen and Not Hurt Dress for the Occasion Accountability Matters
Ten Cones of Safety Cont’d.
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Comments or Questions?
Highway Safety for Emergency Service
Personnel
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Thank you for your attention!
VFIS ESECG 1-800-233-1957
www.vfis.com
Highway Safety for Emergency Service
Personnel