Highway planning for HIghways and Grand transport roads
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Transcript of Highway planning for HIghways and Grand transport roads
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Transportation Engineering – ICE-308
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Recommended Books
• “Highway Engineering” 2nd Edition
by “Clarkson H. Oglesby & Laurence I. Hewes”
• “Principles of Highway Engineering & Traffic Analysis
by “Fred L. Mannering & Walter P. Kilareski”
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Highway Planning
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Transportation
• Life in communities has changed over the years.
• One of those changes is in transportation.
• Transportation is a way of moving people or things from one place to another.
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Modes of Transportation
• Land
• Water
• Air
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Modes of Transportation
Land• Covered
Wagon• Train• Subway• Bicycle• Motorcycle• Car• Bus
Water• Canoe• Steamboat• Ferry• Passenger
Ship• Submarine
Air• Hot Air
Balloon
• Plane• Helicopter• Rocket• Space
Shuttle
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Elements of Transportation
There are three main elements of automobile transportation:
• The road users (Drivers and pedestrians)
• The vehicle
• The road way and geometric design
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Elements of Transportation
• The three basic elements of transportation has the following accident distribution percentages.
Accident Distribution Percentages
5% 15%
80%
Vehicle
Road Way
Driver
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Highway Planning(One Definition)
Activities that:1. Collect information on performance2. Identify existing and forecast future
system performance levels3. Identify solutions Focus: meet existing and forecast
travel demand
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Highway Planning
• Highway transportation system plays an important role in the life of the community
• The transportation problem touches on almost every phase of modern life i.e. – Industry– Agriculture– Goods Movement
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Highway Planning
• Highway planners must continually be aware of the heavy responsibilities they bear.
• Thus in preparing schemes for a single highway or complicated highway network, care must always be taken to ensure that:– Project is not treated in isolation– It must be treated as an integral part of
whole Transportation System
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Highway Planning
• Entire planning process should be regarded as a definite step in the advancement of environmental progress and not just as a concrete attempt to relieve congested traffic conditions.
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Highway Planning
• Entire planning process should be regarded as a definite step in the advancement of environmental progress and not just as a concrete attempt to relieve congested traffic conditions.
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Where does planning fit in?
Planning
Project Development
Design
Construction
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Form of Highway Planning
• Highway planning must always be considered in the light of long-term effects.
• It is important because of:– Influence of highway planning on
community– Demands placed by community
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Form of Highway Planning
• Increasing population demands proper highway planning. Growth rate of traffic is very high as compared to development in highway system.
• As population is concentrated in urban areas, particularly heavy traffic increases in number and usage of vehicles is expected to be more in these areas.
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Form of Highway Planning
• Highway planners will have to give special consideration to the role of the vehicles in the urban areas.
• Following factors must be considered:– Increase in population – Growth of number of vehicles– Increase in use of vehicles– Density of growth in different areas– Existing state of highway systems
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Transportation Planning
• The process by which new transportation facilities (and improvements to the old facilities) are systematically designed, adequately tested, and their future construction is properly programmed.
• Comprehensive transportation planning considers all modes (mass transit, automobile, air, rail, etc.) of transportation and treats them all as a single system.
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5.Design Standards
6.Motorway System Needs
7.Classified and Un-classified Road Needs
8.Urban Needs1.Scope and Purpose
2.Economics
3.Highway Use
4.Classification of Highway System 12.Programming
and Priorities
13.Financial needs
14.Sources of Revenue
15.Recommendations
9.Government Aid
10.Maintenance
11.Administration
High
way S
tud
ies Rep
ort
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• Serves as an introduction and outlines the scope and purpose of the report
• Refers to Authorization for the study to outside agencies making or assisting in the report and co-operating authorities
Scope and Purpose of Report
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• Effects the highway system and the development of the area concerned
• Discusses economic and social resources and how they are affected by the various transportation systems
Economics of Highway Transportation
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• Past performance and future expectations
• Volume and pattern of traffic for the various classes of highway
• Anticipated & historic trends
• Commercial vehicle factors
• Statistical Data:– Registration– Person per Vehicle etc.
Highway Use, Existing & Future
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• Need for classification or re-classification
• Criteria for classification
• Definitions
Examination of Classification of Highway System
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• Geometric
• Structural
• Right-of-way
Standards of Design
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• Study of both rural and urban sections
• Set forth advantage of motorway design standards
Motorway and Trunk Road System Needs
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• Method of study
• Co-operative efforts of local authorities
• Existing state
Class-I, Class-II, Class-III and Unclassified Road Needs
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• Correlate arterials, service roads and motorways
• Set forth present deficiencies and recommended modernization programme
Urban Street Needs
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• Brief history of the governmental grant programme
• Anticipated local and national participation in the proposed plan
Government Aid
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• Size and scope of maintenance activities
• Effects of modernization on maintenance cost, and comparison of existing and anticipated costs
Maintenance
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• Administrative problems
• Recommendations for administrative reorganization
• Highway operation of servicing needs, including law enforcement and general traffic management
• Estimates of present and future administrative costs
Administration
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• Financial programming for the total needs
• Prgramme by urgency of inadequate sections
Programming and Priorities
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• Comparison of needs costs with available revenues
• User benefits and benefits to property, industry and community as compared to costs
• Additional revenues required
Financial Needs & Highway Revenues
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• All possible sources of additional revenue should be taken into account and to be measured against yardsticks of financial needs and possible increases in cost
Sources of Additional Revenue
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• Summarize previous sections
• Set forth plan for solution of problem in a clear and concise manner
• Conclusion
Recommendations
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