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The Five Pillars of Islam are five basic acts in Islam, considered mandatory by

believers and are the foundation of Muslim life.

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■ A Caliphate is a state under the leadership of an Islamic official with the title of caliph.

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The SplitWho would lead after Muhammad’s death was the central issue that divided the Muslim community. A few months prior to his death, Muhammad delivered a sermon where he announced that Ali (son in law) would be his successor. However, just after Muhammad passed away, a group of Muslims met and nominated Abu Bakr (father in law). Abu Bakr then assumed political power, and his supporters became known as the Sunnis. Despite that, a group of Muslims kept their allegiance to Ali. These people, who became known as Shias, held that while Ali's right to be the political leader may have been taken, he was still the religious and spiritual leader after Muhammad.

The Split

After the deaths of Abu Bakr and two other Sunni leaders, Umar and Uthman, the Sunni Muslims went to Ali for leadership. After Ali died, power was passed around, and eventually the Umayyad dynasty was formed.

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