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Highly-Resolved Emissions and Concentrations of Pollutants in … · 2016. 9. 21. · 10 15 20 1 3...
Transcript of Highly-Resolved Emissions and Concentrations of Pollutants in … · 2016. 9. 21. · 10 15 20 1 3...
Highly-Resolved Emissions and Concentrations of Pollutants in Salt Lake
City, Utah for Air Quality and Health
Daniel Mendoza, John Lin, Logan Mitchell, Martin Buchert, Amanda Smith, Ben Fasoli, Ryan Bares, Derek Mallia, John Horel, Erik Crosman, Sebastian Hoch, Douglas Catharine,
James Ehleringer, University of Utah
Kevin Gurney, Risa Patarasuk, Darragh O’Keeffe, Terry Song, Jianhua Huang, Arizona State University
Denitza Blagev, Jeff Sorensen, Susan Rea, Intermountain Healthcare
Measurements, Modeling, and Data Integration for Air Quality and Health September 21st, 2016
Background
• Growing urban population in Salt Lake Valley
• Association between pollution and health
• Understudied intermountain region
• Urban valley conducive to inversions
• Multiple data streams available
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Salt Lake Valley Inversion
windows2universe.org
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What is Hestia?
• Highly resolved urban emissions data product – CO2 and selected Criteria Air Pollutants (CO, NOX, PM2.5) – Hourly resolution for 2010-2015 – Building, road segment, point source and gridded scales (0.002
deg ~ 200 m)
• Well-constrained – Bound by sector-specific fuel sales – CAPs derived from National Emissions Inventory
• Reliable and relevant data sources – County assessor data – Department of transportation and federal highway
administration – National Emissions Inventory
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Why CO2?
• Well understood
• Stable
• Multiple data streams
BUT…
• Vegetation contributions
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On
road
Re
sid
en
tial
C
om
me
rcia
l
2012 Salt Lake City Emissions (kg C/yr)
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Variability in Winter CO2 Emissions
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Emis
sio
ns
(to
n C
/hr)
Hour
Salt Lake County
09/21/2016
Commercial Residential Onroad Total
7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Emis
sio
ns
(to
n C
/hr)
Hour
Salt Lake County
09/21/2016
Commercial Residential Onroad Total
8
Variability in Winter CO2 Emissions
0
5
10
15
20
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Emis
sio
ns
(to
n C
/hr)
Hour
Murray (6km x 6km)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Emis
sio
ns
(to
n C
/hr)
Hour
Salt Lake County
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Commercial Residential Onroad Total
9
Variability in Winter CO2 Emissions
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Emis
sio
ns
(to
n C
/hr)
Hour
University (6km x 6km)
Commercial Onroad
Total
Residential
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Winter Sector Specific CO2 Emissions
log10
5 4 3 2 1 0
log10
5 4 3 2 1 0
Annual Trends in Stationary CO2 Measurements
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co2.utah.edu
Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, grants DEFG0206ER64309, DESC0005266 09/21/2016
Agreement with Observations
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Scale and Scenario Effects
Scale Matters! Sector comparison
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[CO2] above background, ppm
Morning in the Salt Lake Valley CO2
Transect: January 2013 Inversion
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TRAX Results: Monthly Average CO2
• High concentrations in downtown and University areas
• High concentrations at intersections with large roads
• Low concentrations at Daybreak and due to City Creek clean air influx
• Spatially correlated with high population and low elevation
Mitchell et al. - TRAX Pilot Project Results 09/21/2016 15
Socioeconomic Attributes vs. Emissions
Percent Minority
0 - 6
7 - 14
15 - 25
26 - 43
44 - 100
Household Income (2011 Dollars)
8942 - 45162
45163 - 66346
66347 - 92118
92119 - 139886
139887 - 210750
Monitoring Sites
^
Acetaldehyde (lbs/yr)
0 - 33
34 - 147
148 - 390
391 - 1332
1333 - 2902
Benzene (lbs/yr)
0 - 73
74 - 293
294 - 680
681 - 1300
1301 - 3000
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Valley Wide Differences
ASB (University of Utah) Rose Park
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Pilot COPD study
• 90 patients (> 65 y/o, ~30% never smoked)
• Use highly resolved emissions to estimate hourly CO2 levels at each patient address
• CO2 levels for Dec 1, 2013 to February 28, 2014
• Clear spatial and temporal CO2 gradients for each patient residence
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Map of Individual CO2 Concentrations
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Individual hourly CO2 time series
CO
2 c
on
cen
trat
ion
(µ
g/m
3)
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COPD Exacerbation
Patient 1
20
CO
2 c
on
cen
trat
ion
(µ
g/m
3)
Median CO2 Concentration, First COPD exacerbation, and “Red Air” Days
09/21/2016 Red Air Days
COPD Exacerbations
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Distribution of CO2 Concentration: overall vs. 1-week prior to COPD exacerbation
Patient Average CO2 concentration (µg/m3)
Den
sity
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Collect current UTA ridership information Analyze individual trips by purpose, air quality
Quantify transportation emissions due to transit behavior
Reduced fares on red air days
http://alg.umbc.edu/usaq/archives/2010_01.html
Estimate system-wide costs of transit behavior
The Effect of Air Quality on Transit Ridership Patterns and Associated Vehicle Emissions
Card ID Trip Purpose Air Quality
000001 Commute Red
000001 Non-commute Red
000002 Commute Orange
Direct and indirect emissions changes Air Quality Effects
CO CO2
NOX
PM2.5
(gal) (g CO2) (g PM2.5)
log10
3 6 1.5
2 4 1
1 2 0.5 0
November 2015 Weekday Reductions TRAX
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Conclusions Unique sector-specific emission patterns have
been modelled:
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Elevated CO2 concentrations have been associated with COPD events:
Highly-resolved emissions are necessary for exposure estimation
and urban planning:
Modeled CO2 concentrations have been shown to agree with observations:
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Thank you!
Questions?
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