Highlights of NuFact02 Bruno Autin, CERN. Outline Introduction Particle production Transverse and...
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Highlights of NuFact02Highlights of NuFact02Bruno Autin, CERNBruno Autin, CERN
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OutlineOutline
• Introduction
• Particle production
• Transverse and longitudinal collection
• Cooling
• beams
• Conclusions
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• Four working groups:(1)
Machine - B.Autin (CERN), R.Fernow (BNL), S.Machida (KEK)
(2) Neutrino oscillations - D.Harris (FNAL), S.King (Soton), O.Yasuda (TMU)
(3) Non-oscillation - A.Kataev (Moscow), S.Kumano neutrino physics (SAGA), K.McFarland (Rochester)
(4) Non-neutrino science - K.Jungmann (KVI), J-M.Poutissou (TRIUMF), K.Yoshimura (KEK)
• 49 Plenary talks, 106 parallel talks
• ~85 hours of talks!
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Banquet in Flight Gallery, Science Museum with
• Lord Sainsbury – Minister of Science
• Sir Richard Sykes – Rector of IC
• Prof Ian Halliday – CEO PPARC
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General TrendsGeneral Trends
• Cost reduction
• Reliability
• Robustness
• Upgradability
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Proton DriversProton Drivers
•2.2 to 50 GeV
• Some multiple purpose: PP + other areas
• Superbeams, -beams, F
• 1-4 MW
• a few ns bunch length
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SPLSPL
SPL
Wyss
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30 GeV synchrotron30 GeV synchrotron
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CostsCostsPDAC RCS
MCHF MCHFSPL 350 Linac 110
Accumulator 63 Booster RCS 88Compressor 50 Driver 233TOTAL 463 TOTAL 431
Schönauer
SPL: driver for a conventional superbeam to Frejusdriver for -beamsR&D already started with CEA
RCS: replacement for PS
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JHF AcceleratorsJHF Accelerators
Mori
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Others…..
Rees
Machine Power Proton/Pulse Repetition Rate Protons/SSC year Current AGS 0.17 MW 6 1013 0.625 Hz 3.75 1020
AGS Proton Driver 1 MW 1 1014 2.5 Hz 2.5 1021
Japan Hadron Facility 0.77 MW 3.3 1014 0.29 Hz 9.6 1020
Super AGS Prot Driver 4 MW 2 1014 5.0 Hz 1.0 1022
• ISIS upgrade:
New ring, R=78m; ISIS R=26m
3 GeV at 50Hz – 1MW neutron spallation source
8 GeV at 50/3 Hz – 1MW R&D for a Neutrino Factory
Same RF, modified magnet P/S for 8 GeV
Possibility of developing to 4MW
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Particle ProductionParticle Production
The Hadron Production Experiment
2-15 GeV, East Hall, CERN
Ellis
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Main Injector Particle Production Experiment
5-120 GeV, FNAL, 2002-2004
Raja
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Proposed rotating tantalum target ring
TargetryTargetry
Flying
• Liquid mercury jet
• Rotating solid target
Stationary
• Graphite
• Invar or super-invar
• Tantalum beads
Densham
Sievers
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Liquid Hg Tests at BNLLiquid Hg Tests at BNL
• Proton power 16kW in 100ns
• Spot size 3.2 x 1.6 mm
• Hg jet - 1cm diameter; 3m/s
Kirk
0.0ms 0.5ms 1.2ms 1.4ms 2.0ms 3.0ms
Dispersal velocity ~10m/s, delay ~40s
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Liquid Hg TestsLiquid Hg TestsTests with a 20T magnet at Grenoble.
B = 0T
1cm
Mercury jet (v=15 m/s)
B = 18T
Fabich/Lettry
Jet deflection Reduction in velocity
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Pion Capture: SolenoidsPion Capture: Solenoids
Kirk
20T 1.25T
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Pion Capture: HornPion Capture: Horn
Gilardoni
Inner conductor
Under mechanical and thermal tests
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Phase RotationPhase RotationStudy 2
Many ideas:
• Induction linac
• Drift and bunching
• Phase rotation in an FFAG
• Bunch to bucket at 88MHz
• Magnetic compression in AG chicane
• Weak focussing FFAG chicane
Neuffer
Sato
Hanke
Pasternak
Rees/Harold
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Phase RotationPhase Rotation
Neuffer
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Neuffer
beam Drift Buncher
Rotator
Cooler
Overview of transport
Drift (80m) Buncher (60m) 380230 MHz, V 6.5 (z/L)
MV/m E Rotator(30m) 230220 MHz, V = 10
MV/m Cooler (100m) ~220 MHz
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Longitudinal MotionLongitudinal Motion
Drift Bunch
E rotate Cool
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Cost SavingsCost Savings
High Frequency -E Rotation replaces Study 2: Decay length (20m, 5M$) Induction Linacs + minicool (350m, 320M$) Buncher (50m, 70M$)
Replaces with: Drift (100m) Buncher (60m) Rf Rotator (10m)
Rf cost =30M$; magnet cost =40M$ Conv. Fac. 10M$ Misc. 10M$ ……
Back of the envelope:
400M$ 100M$
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Muon Front End ChicaneMuon Front End Chicane Muon Front Ends Decay Region .2 GeV
44 MHz Rotation .2 GeV
44 MHz Cooling .2 GeV
44 MHz Accel’n .28 GeV
88 MHz Cooling & Acceleration .4 GeV 286.0 m
Decay Region .19 GeV
88 MHz Rotation .19 GeV
88 Mhz Acceleration .4 GeV 132.7 m
Decay Region .19 GeV
Reverse Rotation .19 GeV
88 MHz Acceleration .4 GeV 128.0 m
Pion-muon decay channel
88 MHz muon linac
Rees/Harold
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Chicane magnetChicane magnet
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CoolingCooling
MuCool• 800 MHz cavities + solenoid: MV/m + dark current
• Pill box cavities
• 200 MHz cavities (LBNL; CERN and Cornell)
• LH2 absorbers
• Test area under construction at Fermilab (Lab G)
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Pill box cavityPill box cavityD. LiD. Li
Development of 805 MHz Pillbox cavity High shunt impedance and high acceleration gradient at order of
30 MV/m Z0 = 38 M/m Allow for testing of Be windows with different thickness, coatings
and as well as other windows Study RF cavity operation issues under the influence of strong
magnetic fields in solenoid and gradient modes
The cavity: design and status The 805 MHz pillbox cavity design should allow for testing of
different windows demountable windows to cover the beam irises (five Be windows, four Cu windows: two of them with Ti coatings on one side)
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Pill box cavityPill box cavityThe cavity was fabricated at University of Mississippi, brazed at Alpha Braze Comp.
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Preliminary cavity design with water cooling channels and tuningmechanism. The cavity design accommodates either Be windows or a grid design.
201 MHz cavity201 MHz cavity
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AG coolingAG coolingC. Johnstone, H. SchonauerC. Johnstone, H. Schonauer
Muons (180MeV/c to 245MeV/c) Magnetic Quadrupoles (k=2.88) Liquid H Absorber: -dE/dx = -12MeV/35cm Cavities: Energy gain +12MeV/Cell to compensate the
loss in the absorber
K. Makino Emittance Exchange Workshop at LBNL, October 3-19, 2001
4m Cell
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Full simulationFull simulation
K. Makino Emittance Exchange Workshop at LBNL, October 3-19, 2001
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Ring CoolersRing Coolers• Main change: Rings!
Balbekov
Motivation: shorterlongitudinal
cooling
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Cline/Garren
AG Ring RFOFO
Palmer
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RF windows
Heat in absorber
Injection kicker
Palmer
Merit = 6 x trans.
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MICEMICE
• Collaboration of 40 institutes from Europe, Japan, US
• LOI recently reviewed by international panel at RAL
• Enthusiastically supported MICE
• Asked for a proposal by end 2002
• Construction: 2002-2004
• First beam: 2004/5
Edgecock
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RecirculatingLinearAcc.RecirculatingLinearAcc.
• Other possibilities……Bogacz
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FFAGFFAG
krB ~
• Expected to be cost effective
• p150-450 MeV/c
• L = 4.5 eV.s
• T = 3 cm
• 0.3 /p
Johnstone/Machida/Mori/Neuffer
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VRCSVRCS• Fastest existing RCS: ISIS at 50Hz 20 ms
• Proposal: accelerate in 58s 4.3 kHz
• Do it 15 times a second• For 2 20 GeV , 20 180 GeV, 180 1600 GeV:
• Ring – 350m circumference
• RF – 200 MHz, 15 MV/m, possibly s/c
• Magnets – 100 laminations of thick grain oriented Si steel
• Eddy current losses: 45MW 24kW
• Skin depth: 94 microns
•Power supplies: 115 kV x 81 kA
•Copper heating: 600 + 800W
Summers
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-Beams-Beams
ISOL Target and ECR
Linac Cyclotron Storage Ring
PS SPS Decay ring/Buncher
SPLLindroos/Wenander/Zucchelli
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ebar source
6He
T½=0.81 s
Elab = 580 MeV
E/nucleon = 130 GeV
5 x 1013/s
e source
18Ne
T½=1.67 s
Elab = 930 MeV
E/nucleon = 130 GeV
1012/s
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• Single flavour
• Known intensity & energy spectrum
• Focussed
• Low energy
• Space charge problems
• Complementary to superbeams: CP and T violations
•Analyzed for CERN accelerators only
• R&D for ion sources
• Space charge problems
• Hadronic pollution
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Huber
90% CL
JHF-HK = 4MW, 1000kT; 6 years , 2 years
NuFact-II = 5.3 x1020 useful /yr, 50kT; 4 years
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Zucchelli
SB+BB = 400kT; Nufact = 2x40kT
(M. Mezzetto, NNN02)
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Comments……Comments……• Neutrino Factory is still the best
• We must continue with the R&D!
• Resources are scarce:Cannot do everything Must build complementary programmebased on physics
• Degeneracy: Better SB + large (water) detector thantwo NF detectors – SN, proton decay, etc
• Weighing difference proposals will be painful
• Delicate balance:keep growingprevent fragmentation
Harris/Mezzetto
Mezzetto
Harris
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ConclusionsConclusions• NuFact’02: very enjoyable and well organised
• Nice location (despite the weather)
• Good attendance
• Lots of new ideas
• NF is still the ultimate LBL neutrino oscillation facility
• Very important R&D continues
• Need a complementary oscillation programme
• NuFact’03……..
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ConclusionsConclusions
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NuFact 03
5th International Workshop on Neutrino
Factories & Superbeams
Columbia University New York
5 – 11 June 2003