Highlights and outcomes of the UNEP/GEF GMP1 projects · 2019-08-05 · HF GMP2 Pacific Islands...

HF GMP2 Pacific Islands Inception WS, April 2016

Highlights and outcomes of the UNEP/GEF GMP1 projects

Heidelore FiedlerÖrebro University, School of Science and Technology

MTM Research CentreSe-702 84 Örebro, Sweden

E-mail: [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


POPs analysis2005-2007

GMP1 (4)2008-2011

New POPs tools2012-2015

GMP2 (4)2015-2018

'Assessment of Existing and Capacity Building

Needs to Analyze POPs'

´Support implementation of the Global Monitoring Plan´

´Developing tools and methods for analysis of

new POPs

´Continuing sup-port to implemen-tation

of the GMP´

12 initial POPsPilot global

12 initial POPs; regionalGMP core matrices

9 new POPs (+1+1)GMP core matrices

23 POPsGMP core matrices

Develop basis for POPsanalysis, guidance, hands-on training courses

6 regional projects/3 UN regions; 32 countries; guidance; hands-on training, data generation

Pilot; core matrix added; guidance, one training, data generation

4 regional projects; 43 countries; guidance, training, data generation

GEF, JPN, CDN POPs F. GEF, SAICM QSP, SSC GEF, BRS, EU GEFDatabank of POPs laboratories http://212.203.125.2/databank/Laboratory/Search.aspx

Interlaboratory assessments (2007/2008; 2010/2011 and 2012/2013; 2016/2017 and 2018/2019)

http://212.203.125.2/databank/Laboratory/Search.aspx


Objective of the GMP projects

• “to assess and strengthen the existing capacity for POPs analysis worldwide and the capacity building needs in developing countries to analyze POPs; and

• Generate data for POPs in core matrices for the Global Monitoring Plan (GMP) of POPs”;

• Close collaboration is established between UNEP, the Secretariat of the BRS Conventions, the global and regional organisation groups under the Stockholm Convention, regional centers, academia, and the private sector;

• Projects are country-driven.


Six projects in three regions

Pacific: 8 countries

• GEF: FJI, KIR, NIU, WSM , PLW, SLB, TUV, MHL

West Africa: 6 countries

• GEF: COD, GHA, MLI, NGA, SEN, TGO

East and Southern Africa: 6 countries

• GEF: EGY , ETH, KEN, MUS, UGA, ZMB

GRULAC: 8 + 4 countries

• GEF: ATG, BRA, CHL, ECU, JAM, MEX, PER, URYSAICM QSP: BHS, BRB, HTI; CUB

Total: 32 countries


Organisational summary• Four medium size projects “Supporting the Implementation of the Global

Monitoring Plan of POPs in Eastern and Southern African countries; in Latin America and Caribbean States; in West Africa; and in the Pacific Islands Region)”

• Implementation: 2009-2012 by UNEP/DGEF and executed by UNEP/DTIE

• Two SAICM QSP projects: Cuba and 3-country project

• Collaboration with regional coordination institutions in the four regions: – Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Kenya– Environmental Toxicology and Quality Control Laboratory of the Central

Veterinary Laboratory (ETQCL), Bamako, Mali– University of the South Pacific (USP), Fiji – Basel Convention Coordinating Centre Stockholm Convention Regional Centre,

Uruguay (BCCC/SCRC)

• coordinating institutions at national level.

HF GMP2 Pacific Islands Inception WS, April 2016 9

• 2009–2012: Chemicals Branch implemented six projects to build regional capacity on analysis and data generation for POPs in core matrices for the GMP

• Common goal: enable the participating countries of four sub-regions (Eastern and Southern Africa, West Africa, GRULAC and Pacific Islands) to contribute to the global report submitted to the Stockholm Convention COP

GMP1: Overview

Western Africa E+S Africa Pacific Islands

Regional reports, national reports, training reports, reports of results from mirror analysis, workshop reports, photos, and training materials available at:http://www.unep.org/chemicalsandwaste/POPsandScience/AnalysisandMonitoring/GlobalMonitoringPlan/GMPImplementation2009-2012/tabid/1059888/Default.aspx

GRULAC

http://www.unep.org/chemicalsandwaste/POPsandScience/AnalysisandMonitoring/GlobalMonitoringPlan/GMPImplementation2009-2012/tabid/1059888/Default.aspx


PO

Ps

An

alys

is a

nd

Mo

nit

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ng

Pacific Islands Region

- GMP Regional Report of E+S Africa- GMP National Report of Egypt- GMP National Report of Ethiopia- GMP National Report of Kenya- GMP National Report of Mauritius- GMP National Report of Uganda- GMP National Report of Zambia

- Egypt Training Report- Kenya Training Report- Mauritius Training Report- Zambia Training Report

- GMP Regional Report of West Africa (en, fr)- GMP National Report of DR Congo (fr)- GMP National Report of Ghana - GMP National Report of Mali (fr)- GMP National Report of Nigeria- GMP National Report of Senegal (fr)- GMP National Report of Togo (fr)

- Ghana Training Report- Mali Training Report- Senegal Training Report

- GMP Regional Report of Pacific Islands Region- GMP National Report of Kiribati- GMP National Report of Marshall Islands- GMP National Report of Niue- GMP National Report of Palau- GMP National Report of Solomon Islands- GMP National Report of Samoa

- Fiji Training Report

- GMP Regional Report of GRULAC Region (en, sp)- GMP National Report of Antigua and Barbuda- GMP National Report of Brazil- GMP National Report of Chile- GMP National Report of Ecuador- GMP National Report of Jamaica- GMP National Report of Mexico (sp) - GMP National Report of Peru (sp)

GRULAC Region

East and South Africa

West Africa

Cross-cuttings

Interlaboratory Assessments

- IVM Mirror samples Final Report (Africa, Pacific, Barbados)

- MTM Report. Analysis of dl POPs in PUF samples (Africa and Pacific Islands)

- MTM Report dl-POPs in National Samples

- UNEP Report: Passive air sampling (PAS)

- Biennial Global Interlaboratory Assessment on POPs – Round 1

- Regional Report for GRULAC

- Reports of Antigua and Barbuda (en, sp); Brazil (sp); Chile (sp); Ecuador (sp); Jamaica (en, sp); Mexico (sp); Peru (sp); Uruguay (sp)

Regional and national reports Training reports



PO

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An

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is a

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Mo

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SOP

s an

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up

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Pacific Islands Region

GRULAC Region

East and South Africa

West Africa

Cross-cuttings - Guidance for organisation, sampling and analysis of

human milk

- SOP Regional Guidance for Mothers Collecting Milk Samples - USP-IAS Instructions for PAS

- Guide for PAS (en, sp)- SOP Cleaning of glassware (en, sp)- SOP Collection of mothers’ milk (en, sp)- SOP Indicator PCB in air (en, sp)- SOP Indicator PCB in fish (en, sp)- SOP Indicator PCB in mothers’ milk (en, sp)- SOP OCP en aire (en, sp)- SOP OCP en leche materna (en, sp)- SOP OCP en pescado (en, sp)- SOP OCP en sedimentos (en, sp)- SOP PCDD PCDF dl-PCB en aire (en, sp)- SOP PCDD PCDF dl-PCB en leche materna (en, sp)- SOP PCDD PCDF dl-PCB en pescado (en, sp)- SOP PCDD PCDF dl-PCB en sedimentos (en, sp)

- SOP Kenya: Mothers’ Milk

- SOP Recetox PAS

- SOP in passive air sampling (PAS)



Terminal evaluation: The overall rating

• is Highly Satisfactory

• Highly Satisfactory for delivery of activities and outputs

• Highly Satisfactory for relevance

• Satisfactory for effectiveness

• Highly Satisfactory for efficiency

• Highly Satisfactory for attainment of results

• Highly Likely for Socio-political sustainability

• Likely for Financial sustainability

• Highly Satisfactory for Country ownership and drivenness

• High satisfactory for UNEP supervision and backstopping


Evaluation drawbacks

• A number of factors reduced efficiency and hindered the progress of the

projects in some countries including

– delays in signing MOUs (most countries),

– the movement of the project coordinator without proper handing over (Egypt),

– delays in funds transfer (e.g. Senegal, Brazil), or

– delay in getting ethics committee approval (e.g. Brazil and Zambia).

• As a result two no-cost extensions (corresponding to 15 months) were

required to ensure that project activities were successfully completed.


Interlaboratory assessments


Two rounds of interlaboratory assessments


Laboratories in 2nd Interlaboratory Assessment 2012/2013

Of the Asian labs: 25 from China1 from Pacific Islands


Laboratories with satisfactory performance

Less than half of the labs were not able to analysePOPs in fish, air extract, human milk with satisfact-ory performance


Capacity building and training courses


Capacity building

• Assist laboratories in developing countries to improve the quality of their analysis;

• Components of the capacity building:

– Provision of small parts and consumables to POPs laboratories;

– Development of guidance and training materials;

– Maintenance of a databank containing operational POPs laboratories;

– Hands-on training courses;

– Networking and remote assistance


Provision of equipment and lab consumables

The objective is to strengthen or enhance existing capacity:

• No provision of larger/essential (analysis) instruments;

• Provision of essential sampling equipment:– PAS sampler and cleaned PUFs for whole project– Glassware for collection of mothers´ milk

• Provision of spares and consumables according to needs and existing procedures. Typical packages include:– Analytical standards for identification and quantification of POPs (labelled, unlabeled);– Two capillary GC columns (50 m, 60 m)– Syringes, septa, liner, ferrules– Some glassware, clean-up materials– Reference materials


Monitoring of POPs in human milk


Human samples to indicate exposure

Human samples reflect bioaccumulation of POPs:

• Mothers´ milk

• Blood

• Adipose tissues

Human milk is preferred in UNEP GMP projects since:

• Results are comparable on lipid basis (caution: fat determination!)

• Sampling is by non-invasive method

• Less concern about infectious diseases at chemical analytical laboratory (hepatitis, HIV)

Limit: Not all population is reflected


Human milk surveys• More than 9200 datapoints generated;• Pooled samples: one country one datapoint per sampling round


Human Milk – Basic POPs (5th round)

n = 30


Monitoring of PFOS in water


Sampling schemes – surface waters

Sampling locations:

• Mouth of large rivers, estuaries

Type of sampling:

• Active sampling; several dippings to generate one sample;

• Sampling in duplicate

Sampling frequency:

• 4 sampling events per year;

• Q3 2016-Q2 2018

Analytes:

• PFOS


Water monitoring – active sampling

Kenya

Mali

Fiji

Uruguay


PFAS pilot monitoring in water (2014)

• Fiji, Mali, Kenya and Uruguay were invited to participate

• Background samples, rivers

• LOD ~1 ng/mL

• 100 mL/analysis

• HDPE bottles

• Duplicate analysis

• Reference material

By IVM VU UniversityAmsterdam


Analysis of POPs in samples other than the

core matrices


Analysis of national samples: OCPs in fish in AfricaC

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PCDD/PCDF in soildl-POPs in Sediment/Soil - Africa and Barbados

0.400.15

1.5

0.04

2.4

2.9

0.11

4.3

0.44

1.1

0.06

0.67

0.150.28

0.53

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Monitoring of POPs in ambient air (PAS/PUF)


Air by PAS/PUF - 3 months exposure

Kenya

Fiji

Uruguay

Mali


Basic POPs and dl-POPs in PUFs (results)

Global n n=0min max mean

ng PUF-1 ng PUF-1 ng PUF-1

SDrins 129 6 0 747 14.8

Schlordanes 129 31 0 21.3 1.70

SDDTs 129 2 0 710 71.1

Sheptachlors 129 55 0 3.30 0.28

HCB 129 9 0 6.60 1.26

Mirex 129 105 0 0.50 0.02

SHCHs 129 26 0 75.9 3.53

SPCB6 129 22 0 1 765 42.0

WHO1998-TEQPCDD/PCDF 33 1 0 0.21 0.04

WHO1998-TEQPCB 33 5 0 0.64 0.03

WHO1998-TEQtotal 33 0 0 0.73 0.07


GAPS sampler in Pacific Islands region

Spanish sampler in GRULAC

MONET sampler in Africa

GMP1: Monitoring of POPs in air


Exposure for 4x3 consecutive months (2010-2011)

PCDD/PCDF: aggregated into 1 year

Location of PAS in UNEP’s GMP1 projects

GMP1: Monitoring of POPs in air


Pacific Islands Results


0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

PCB(6) drins chlordanes DDTs HCB HCH(3)

ng

m-3

Group of POPs

OCPs and PCB(6) in ambient air

FJI FJI FJI FJI KIR KIR KIR KIR NIU NIU PLW PLW

PLW PLW WSM WSM SLB SLB SLB SLB SLB TUV TUV


0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

FJI FJI FJI FJI KIR KIR KIR KIR NIU NIU PLW PLW PLW PLW WSM WSM SLB SLB SLB SLB SLB TUV TUV

ng

m-3

Country

OCPs and PCB in air

PCB(6) drins chlordanes DDTs HCB HCH(3)


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

FJI KIR BET KIR BEZ NIU WSM AFI WSM ASA SLB HNR TUV

fg m

-3

PCDD/PCDF (TEQ)

WHO1998-TEQPCDD WHO1998-TEQPCDF WHO1998-TEQPCDD/PCDFWHO1998-TEQno-PCB WHO1998-TEQmo-PCB WHO1998-TEQPCBWHO1998-TEQPCDD/PCDF/PCB


Ambient air samples

• Mirex detected only in Fiji, Nadi station, at 0.001 ng/m3;

• Heptachlors (cis-heptachlor) only quantified twice in Fiji at 0.003 ng/m3 and 0.001 ng/m3;

• dl-PCB could not be analyzed in all samples due to matrix effects;

• If dl-PCB were present, then at very low concentrations:;

• PCB concentrations were minor;

• Highest concentrations were observed for drins or DDTs (not all sites)


FijiSite Nausori Nausori Nadi NadiStart day 2010-07-08 2010-04-01 2010-07-07 2010-04-01End day 2010-09-30 2010-06-24 2010-09-30 2010-06-24Deployment Time (d) 84 84 85 84Average Temp. (°C) 23 25 24 25.5

Air Volume/Concentration CPUF (ng/disk) CAir (ng/m3) CPUF (ng/disk) CAir (ng/m3) CPUF (ng/disk) CAir (ng/m3) CPUF (ng/disk) CAir (ng/m3)PCB 28 6.1 0.026 2.3 0.010 0.83 0.004 1.5 0.007PCB 52 7.6 0.029 1.7 0.007 2.4 0.009 1.3 0.005PCB 101 7.0 0.023 0.69 0.002 2.7 0.009 0.72 0.002PCB 138 4.1 0.012 0.64 0.002 2.3 0.007 0.75 0.002PCB 153 3.8 0.012 0.45 0.001 2 0.006 0.58 0.002PCB 180 0 0 0.25 0.0008 0.4 0.001 0.23 0.001Sum PCB(6) 28.6 0.101 6.03 0.023 10.63 0.035 5.08 0.019Aldrin 0 0.000 0.32 0.001 0.53 0.002 0 0.000Endrin 62 0.25 10 0.042 32 0.13 13 0.056Dieldrin 2.5 0.008 0 0 0 0.000 0 0.000Sum drins 64.5 0.26 10.32 0.04 32.53 0.13 13 0.06cis-Chlordane (alpha) 5.2 0.017 0 0 0 0 0 0trans-Chlordane (gamma) 15 0.050 0 0 1.4 0.005 0 0Sum chlordanes 20.2 0.067 0 0.000 1.4 0.005 0 0.000o,p'-DDT 63 0.20 6.0 0.019 43 0.13 8.7 0.027p,p'-DDT 180 0.55 11 0.034 50 0.15 22 0.068o,p'-DDD 0 0 0 0 4.1 0.014 2.7 0.009p,p'-DDD 26 0.079 2.1 0.006 6.0 0.018 5.1 0.016o,p'-DDE 6.4 0.021 0.5 0.002 1.4 0.005 0.73 0.002p,p'-DDE 59 0.18 7.7 0.024 27 0.082 10 0.031sum DDTs 334.4 1.029 27.3 0.085 131.5 0.403 49.2 0.15Sum heptachlors 0.93 0.003 0 0.000 0.23 0.001 0 0.000HCB 3.5 0.025 2.6 0.020 0.62 0.004 1.5 0.011Mirex 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.001 0 0a-HCH 0 0 0.84 0.005 0 0 0 0.00b -HCH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00g-HCH 39 0.19 34 0.17 12 0.058 17 0.086Sum HCH (3) 39 0.19 34.8 0.18 12 0.06 17 0.09


KiribatiSite Betio Betio Beru BeruStart day 2010-06-23 2010-09-15 2010-07-05 2010-09-28End day 2010-09-15 2010-12-08 2010-09-27 2010-12-21Deployment Time (d) 84 84 84 84Average Temp. (°C) 28 28 28 28

Air Volume/Concentration CPUF (ng/disk) CAir (ng/m3) CPUF (ng/disk) CAir (ng/m3) CPUF (ng/disk) CAir (ng/m3) CPUF (ng/disk) CAir (ng/m3)PCB 28 0.86 0.004 0.75 0.004 2.00 0.010 2.3 0.011PCB 52 1.0 0.004 0.78 0.003 2.60 0.011 3.1 0.013PCB 101 0.74 0.002 0.61 0.002 2.20 0.007 2.4 0.008PCB 138 0.31 0.001 0.61 0.002 1.5 0.005 0.97 0.003PCB 153 0.20 0.001 0.40 0.001 1.4 0.004 1.1 0.003PCB 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sum PCB(6) 3.11 0.012 3.15 0.012 9.7 0.036 9.87 0.038Aldrin, dieldrin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Endrin 1.6 0.007 1.7 0.008 15 0.069 21 0.096Sum drins 1.6 0.01 1.7 0.01 15 0.07 22.1 0.10cis-Chlordane (alpha) 2.0 0.007 0 0 2.6 0.009 2.3 0.008trans-Chlordane (gamma) 0 0 0 0 5.0 0.017 5.6 0.020Sum chlordanes 2 0.007 0 0.000 7.6 0.026 7.9 0.028o,p'-DDT 6.7 0.021 3.7 0.012 18 0.057 20 0.064p,p'-DDT 15 0.046 8.3 0.026 77 0.24 69 0.21o,p'-DDD 1.5 0.005 0 0 5.5 0.019 7.3 0.025p,p'-DDD 6.2 0.019 4.1 0.013 9.6 0.029 0 0o,p'-DDE 0.32 0.001 0.34 0.001 1.5 0.005 1.9 0.007p,p'-DDE 7.7 0.024 4.5 0.014 16 0.050 18 0.056sum DDTs 37.42 0.117 20.9 0.065 127.6 0.399 116.2 0.366Sum heptachlors, mirex 0 0.000 0 0 0 0 0 0HCB 1.9 0.016 1.6 0.013 1.9 0.016 2.7 0.023a-HCH, b-HCH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0g-HCH 0 0 0 0 2.3 0.013 2.5 0.014Sum HCH (3) 0 0 0 0 2.3 0.01 2.5 0.01


Niue Site Alofi AlofiStart day 2010-02-04 2010-04-29End day 2010-04-29 2010-07-22Deployment Time (d) 84 84Average Temp. (°C) 26 24Air Volume/Concentration CPUF (ng/disk) CAir (ng/m3) CPUF (ng/disk) CAir (ng/m3)PCB 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, 180 0 0 0 0Sum PCB(6) 0 0 0 0Aldrin, dieldrin 0 0 0 0Endrin 2.9 0.013 8.8 0.036Sum drins 2.9 0.01 8.8 0.04cis-Chlordane (alpha) 1.5 0.005 4.3 0.014trans-Chlordane (gamma) 2.1 0.007 5.8 0.019Sum chlordanes 3.6 0.012 10.1 0.034o,p'-DDT, p,p´-DDT 0 0 0 0o,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDD 0 0 0 0o,p'-DDE 0 0 0.82 0.003p,p'-DDE 0.91 0.003 1.6 0.005sum DDTs 0.91 0.003 2.42 0.008Sum heptachlors, mirex 0 0 0 0HCB 2.6 0.020 3.1 0.022a-HCH, b-HCH 0 0 0 0g-HCH 3.2 0.016 1.8 0.009Sum HCH (3) 3.2 0.02 1.8 0.01


PalauSite Meyuns. Koror Ngesaol. Koror Ngerkebesang. Koror Ngerkebesang. KororStart day 2010-07-08 2010-07-08 2010-07-08 2010-10-01End day 2010-09-30 2010-09-30 2010-09-30 2010-12-24Deployment Time (d) 84 84 84 84Average Temp. (°C) 27 27 27 27Air Volume/Concentration CPUF (ng/disk) CAir (ng/m3) CPUF (ng/disk) CAir (ng/m3) CPUF (ng/disk) CAir (ng/m3) CPUF (ng/disk) CAir (ng/m3)PCB 28 0.64 0.003 2.8 0.013 0.99 0.005 0.78 0.004PCB 52 1.1 0.004 2.6 0.010 1.7 0.007 1.9 0.008PCB 101 1.1 0.004 1.0 0.003 2.9 0.010 4.6 0.015PCB 138 0.72 0.002 0.26 0.001 3.1 0.009 5.8 0.018PCB 153 0.57 0.002 0.25 0.001 2.2 0.007 4.0 0.012PCB 180 0 0 0 0 0.27 0.001 0.58 0.002Sum PCB(6) 4.13 0.015 6.91 0.028 11.16 0.038 17.66 0.058Aldrin, dieldrin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Endrin 0 0 1.5 0.007 2.2 0.010 2.4 0.011Sum drins 0 0.00 1.5 0.01 2.2 0.01 2.4 0.01cis-Chlordane (alpha) 1.4 0.005 0 0 2.5 0.009 3.0 0.010trans-Chlordane (gamma) 1.3 0.004 0 0 2.0 0.007 2.5 0.009Sum chlordanes 2.7 0.009 0 0.000 4.5 0.015 5.5 0.019o,p'-DDT 0 0 4.2 0.013 0 0 5.6 0.018p,p'-DDT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

o,p'-DDD, p,p´-DDD, o,p'-DDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0p,p'-DDE 0.7 0.002 0.65 0.002 1.1 0.003 2 0.006sum DDTs 0.7 0.002 4.85 0.015 1.1 0.003 7.6 0.024Sum heptachlors (cis), mirex 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0HCB 1.5 0.012 2.4 0.019 1.8 0.015 1.2 0.010a-HCH, b-HCH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0g-HCH 0 0 5.7 0.030 0 0 0 0Sum HCH (3) 0 0 5.7 0.03 0 0 0 0


SamoaSite Afiamalu, Upolu Asau, SavaiiStart day 2010-10-26 2010-10-22End day 2011-01-18 2011-01-14Deployment Time (d) 84 84Average Temp. (°C) 26 27Air Volume/Concentration CPUF (ng/disk) CAir (ng/m3) CPUF (ng/disk) CAir (ng/m3)PCB 28 2.6 0.012 1.2 0.006PCB 52 2.6 0.010 1.2 0.005PCB 101 0.36 0.001 0 0PCB 138 0.16 0 0 0PCB 153, PCB 180 0 0 0 0Sum PCB(6) 5.72 0.024 2.4 0.010Aldrin 1.5 0.007 0.32 0.001Endrin 430 1.9 730 3.258Dieldrin 7.2 0.024 17 0.058Sum drins 438.7 1.90 747.32 3.32cis-Chlordane (alpha) 1.4 0.005 0 0Sum chlordanes 1.4 0.005 0 0o,p'-DDT 53 0.17 74 0.23p,p'-DDT 47 0.14 64 0.20o,p'-DDD 5.0 0.017 8.2 0.028p,p'-DDD 4.2 0.013 6.2 0.019o,p'-DDE 52 0.18 76 0.26p,p'-DDE 230 0.71 360 1.1sum DDTs 391.2 1.23 588.4 1.86Sum heptachlors (cis), mirex 0 0 0 0HCB 2.3 0.018 2.1 0.017a-HCH, b -HCH 0 0 0 0g-HCH 2.9 0.015 3.2 0.017Sum HCH (3) 2.9 0.01 3.2 0.02


Solomon IslandsSite Honiara Honiara Munda Munda LataStart day 2010-07-08 2010-10-08 2010-07-08 2010-10-08 2010-07-08End day 2010-09-30 2010-12-31 2010-09-30 2010-12-31 2010-09-30Deployment Time (d) 84 84 84 84 84Average Temp. (°C) 26.5 27 26 28 26

Air Volume/Concentration CPUF (ng/disk) CAir (ng/m3) CPUF (ng/disk) CAir (ng/m3) CPUF (ng/disk) CAir (ng/m3) CPUF (ng/disk) CAir (ng/m3) CPUF (ng/disk) CAir (ng/m3)PCB 28 0.34 0.002 0 0 0.37 0.002 2.4 0.011 1.6 0.007PCB 52 0.40 0.002 0 0 0.38 0.001 2.3 0.009 1.7 0.007PCB 101 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3 0.004 0 0PCB 138 0.16 0 0.15 0 0.31 0.001 0.81 0.002 0 0PCB 153 0.18 0.001 0.14 0 0.43 0.001 1.2 0.004 0 0PCB 180 0 0 0 0 0.23 0.001 0 0 0 0Sum PCB(6) 1.08 0.004 0.29 0.001 1.72 0.006 8.01 0.031 3.3 0.014Aldrin, dkeldrin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Endrin 3.5 0.015 3.0 0.013 9.3 0.040 17 0.078 11 0.048Sum drins 3.5 0.02 3 0.01 9.3 0.04 17 0.08 11 0.05cis-Chlordane (alpha) 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.2 0.008 1.6 0.005trans-Chlordane (gamma) 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.7 0.016 3.6 0.012Sum chlordanes 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.9 0.024 5.2 0.018o.p'-DDT 36 0.11 26 0.082 40 0.13 47 0.15 21 0.066p.p'-DDT 580 1.8 430 1.3 350 1.1 310 0.96 130 0.400o.p'-DDD 2.2 0.007 2.1 0.007 3.6 0.012 4.5 0.015 0 0p.p'-DDD 9.6 0.029 8.4 0.026 14 0.043 15 0.046 4.5 0.014o.p'-DDE 1.4 0.005 1.4 0.005 4.5 0.015 3.5 0.012 3.8 0.013p.p'-DDE 81 0.25 69 0.22 110 0.34 99 0.31 35 0.11sum DDTs 710 2.20 537 1.66 522 1.62 479 1.49 194 0.602Sum heptachlors, mirex 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0HCB 1.6 0.013 1.5 0.012 1.4 0.011 2 0.017 1.3 0.010a-HCH, b-HCH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0g-HCH 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6 0.020 2.1 0.011Sum HCH (3) 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.6 0.02 2.1 0.01


Tuvalu Site Funafuti FunafutiStart day 2010-07-02 2011-01-01End day 2010-09-30 2011-03-31Deployment Time (d) 90 89Average Temp. (°C) 28.5 29

Air Volume/Concentration CPUF (ng/disk) CAir (ng/m3) CPUF (ng/disk) CAir (ng/m3)PCB 28 0.23 0.001 0 0PCB 52 1.1 0.004 1.9 0.008PCB 101 1.1 0.003 3.5 0.011PCB 138 0.89 0.003 3.0 0.009PCB 153 0.61 0.002 2.8 0.008PCB 180 0 0 0 0Sum PCB(6) 3.93 0.013 11.2 0.036Aldrin 0 0 0 0Endrin 0 0 8.8 0.040Dieldrin 1.7 0.006 0 0Sum drins 1.7 0.01 8.8 0.04cis-Chlordane (alpha) 0 0 0 0trans-Chlordane (gamma) 0 0 3.2 0.011Sum chlordanes 0 0.000 3.2 0.011o.p'-DDT 19 0.057 18 0.055p.p'-DDT 5.8 0.017 60 0.18o.p'-DDD 4.4 0.014 1.8 0.006p.p'-DDD 1.5 0.004 3.6 0.010o.p'-DDE 0 0 0.88 0.003p.p'-DDE 1.2 0.004 12 0.036sum DDTs 31.9 0.096 96.28 0.286Sum heptachlors (cis) 0 0 0 0HCB 1.8 0.015 1.4 0.012Mirex 0 0 0 0a-HCH, b -HCH 0 0 0 0g-HCH 3.5 0.019 1.6 0.009Sum HCH (3) 3.5 0.02 1.6 0.01


PCDD/PCDFSample ID FJI NSR (2010-II+III) KIR BET (2010-II+III) KIR BEZ (2010-II+III) NIU (2010-II+III) WSM AFI (2010-

III+IV)WSM ASA (2010-

III+IV) SLB HNR (2010-II+III) TUV (2010-II+III)

CPUF

(pg/disk)CAir

(fg/m3)CPUF

(pg/disk)CAir

(fg/m3)CPUF

(pg/disk)CAir

(fg/m3)CPUF

(pg/disk)CAir

(fg/m3)CPUF

(pg/disk)CAir

(fg/m3)CPUF

(pg/disk)CAir

(fg/m3)CPUF

(pg/disk)CAir (fg/m3)

CPUF

(pg/disk)CAir (fg/m3)

PCDD2378-Cl4DD 3.77 5.89 7.06 11.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12378-Cl5DD 3.85 5.85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.89 1.37 0 0 0 0 0 0

123478-Cl6DD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.46 0.70 0 0 0 0 0 0

123678-Cl6DD 4.85 7.29 10.49 15.9 0 0 0 0 1.23 1.86 0 0 0 0 0 0

123789-Cl6DD 2.83 4.25 9.49 14.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1234678-Cl7DD 27.7 41.5 67.6 101 18.2 27.3 6.18 9.25 11.6 17.49 0 0 3.58 5.36 20.2 28.4

Cl8DD 60.0 89.4 235 351 60.8 90.7 11.2 16.7 41.5 62.32 25.6 38.0 9.03 13.5 90.1 126

PCDF

2378-Cl4DF 8.26 13.0 26.5 42.70 7.25 11.7 0 0 2.49 4.00 1.57 2.50 0 0 3.67 5.62

12378-Cl5DF 4.62 7.09 6.67 10.36 0 0 0 0 0.81 1.25 0 0 0 0 0 0

23478-Cl5DF 11.70 17.9 22.5 34.73 0 0 0 0 1.36 2.10 0.97 1.49 0 0 0 0

123478-Cl6DF 7.02 10.5 7.46 11.34 0 0 0 0.29 0.65 0.99 0 0 0 0 0 0

123678-Cl6DF 4.47 6.74 7.84 11.90 0 0 0 0 0 0.43 0 0 0 0 0 0

123789-Cl6DF 6.38 9.61 7.12 10.78 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

234678-Cl6DF 0 0 9.22 13.97 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1234678-Cl7DF 14.7 22.0 17.2 25.80 2.35 3.53 2.12 3.28 2.77 4.19 1.36 2.03 0 0 6.27 8.86

1234789-Cl7DF 0 0 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Cl8DF 4.34 6.48 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 2.41 3.63 0 0 0 0 0 0

WHO1998-TEQPCDD 8.67 13.3 9.76 15.30 0.19 0.28 0.06 0.09 1.18 1.81 0 0 0.04 0.05 0.21 0.30

WHO1998-TEQPCDF 8.84 13.5 17.56 27.21 0.75 1.20 0.04 0.06 1.09 1.69 0.66 1.02 0 0 0.43 0.65WHO1998-

TEQPCDD/PCDF 17.5 26.8 27.3 42.5 0.9 1.5 0.1 0.2 2.3 3.5 0.7 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.9

WHO2005-TEQPCDD 8.68 13.3 9.80 15.37 0.20 0.30 0.07 0.10 1.19 1.82 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.06 0.23 0.32

WHO2005-TEQPCDF 6.41 9.79 12.93 20.06 0.75 1.20 0.04 0.06 0.80 1.25 0.46 0.72 0 0 0.43 0.65WHO2005-

TEQPCDD/PCDF15.1 23.1 22.7 35.4 0.9 1.5 0.1 0.2 2.0 3.1 0.5 0.7 0 0.1 0.7 1.0


dl-PCBSample ID

FJI NSR (2010-II+III) KIR BET (2010-II+III) KIR BEZ (2010-II+III) NIU (2010-II+III)WSM AFI (2010-

III+IV)WSM ASA (2010-

III+IV)SLB HNR (2010-

II+III)TUV (2010-II+III)

CPUF

(pg/disk)CAir

(fg/m3)CPUF

(pg/disk)CAir

(fg/m3)CPUF

(pg/disk)CAir

(fg/m3)CPUF

(pg/disk)CAir

(fg/m3)CPUF

(pg/disk)CAir

(fg/m3)CPUF

(pg/disk)CAir

(fg/m3)CPUF

(pg/disk)CAir

(fg/m3)CPUF

(pg/disk)CAir

(fg/m3)

PCB 77 154 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 183 311 259 438 0 0 0 0

PCB 81 24.8 41.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 22.0 37.9 0 0 0 0 0 0

PCB 126 44.1 68.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.34 9.94 6.58 10.2 0 0 0 0

PCB 169 2.15 3.24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.38 0.57 0 0 0 0 0 0

PCB 105 440 693 0 0 0 0 0 0 565 905 612 971 0 0 0 0

PCB 114 55.0 87.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

PCB 118 1100 769 0 0 0 0 0 0 1653 713 2000 257 0 0 0 0

PCB 123 125 201 0 0 0 0 0 0 171 282 180 294 0 0 0 0

PCB 156 120 183 0 0 0 0 0 0 53.7 82.7 106 161 0 0 0 0

PCB 157 28.0 42.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

PCB 167 193 296 0 0 0 0 0 0 25.9 40.3 210 323 0 0 0 0

PCB 189 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

WHO1998-TEQno-PCB 4.45 6.87 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.66 1.03 0.68 1.06 0 0 0 0

WHO1998-TEQmo-PCB 0.27 0.43 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.27 0.43 0.33 0.54 0 0 0 0

WHO1998-TEQPCB 4.72 7.30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.92 1.47 1.02 1.60 0 0 0 0

WHO2005-TEQno-PCB 4.49 6.95 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.67 1.05 0.68 1.06 0 0 0 0

WHO2005-TEQmo-PCB 0.06 0.10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.07 0.12 0.09 0.15 0 0 0 0

WHO2005-TEQPCB 4.56 7.05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.74 1.17 0.78 1.21 0 0 0 0

WHO1998-TEQPCDD/PCDF/PCB

22.2 34.1 27.3 42.5 0.94 1.49 0.10 0.16 3.19 4.97 1.68 2.62 0.04 0.05 0.64 0.95

WHO2005-TEQtotal 19.6 30.2 22.7 35.4 0.95 1.50 0.11 0.16 2.73 4.25 1.25 1.94 0.04 0.06 0.66 0.97

% PCB to Total TEQ1998 21% 21% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 29% 29% 61% 61% 0% 0% 0% 0%

% PCB to Total TEQ2005 23% 23% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 27% 28% 62% 63% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Highlights and outcomes of the UNEP/GEF GMP1 projects · 2019-08-05 · HF GMP2 Pacific Islands...

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