Higher Education Some International comparisons Domingo Docampo Universidade de Vigo (Spain) On...
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Higher Education Higher Education Some International Some International comparisons comparisons Domingo Docampo Domingo Docampo Universidade de Vigo (Spain) Universidade de Vigo (Spain) On sabbatical at ECE-UNM On sabbatical at ECE-UNM
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Transcript of Higher Education Some International comparisons Domingo Docampo Universidade de Vigo (Spain) On...
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Higher EducationSome International comparisons
Domingo DocampoUniversidade de Vigo (Spain)On sabbatical at ECE-UNM
-
Outline of the TalkWorld Demand of Higher EducationThe case of AustraliaTwo models of Higher Education FundingOECD Indicators for the two modelsHow to tell the models apart?ARWU data on researchComparative performance of countries and US regionsTwo conclusions
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Worlds demand of HE
Enrolment in Higher Education97M students in 2000263M in 2025 (predicted)
Mobility in Higher Education1.9M foreign in 2000 (2%)7.2M in 2025 (3%)
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Worlds share of international students (2000-05)
Chart6
21.5947907771
11.3179819731
9.8189309973
8.9616784301
6.2974700733
5.0160232715
4.4472499419
2.5990289475
1.671127634
1.5741883504
1.5329608652
ITA (115)
SPA (116)
BEL (81)
NZE (600)
JAP (125)
CAN (82)
AUS (112)
FRA (123)
GER (98)
UK (95)
USA (85)
Contents
Education at a Glance 2006
Indicator C3: Student mobility and foreign students in tertiary education
Statlink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/600008425146
Tables
Charts
OECD 2006
Table C3.1
Table C.. Student mobility and foreign students in tertiary education (000 004)
International mobile students enrolled as a percentage of all students (international plus domestic) foreign enrolments as a percentage of all students (foreign and national) and index of change in the number of foreign students
Reading the first column: 8.8% of all students in tertiary education in Canada are international students and .7% of all students in tertiary education in Switzerland are international students. According to country-specific immigration legislations and d
Student mobilityForeign enrolments
International students as a percentage of all tertiary enrolmentForeign students as a percentage of all tertiary enrolmentIndex of change in the number of foreign students, total tertiary (2000=100)
Total tertiaryTertiary-type B programmesTertiary-type A programmesAdvanced research programmesTotal tertiaryTertiary-type B programmesTertiary-type A programmesAdvanced research programmes
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)
OECD countriesTertiaryBAAdvancedchange 2000
Australia19.96.322.426.4158
Austria14.115.421.3111
Belgium9.65.912.931.3114
Canada10.65.511.634.1116
Denmark7.99.57.320.4133
Finland2.63.82.37.0142
France11.05.211.433.9173
Germany11.24.112.4139
Italy2.07.52.03.6163
Japan2.92.73.0x(7)177
Netherlands3.94.0152
Norway4.53.44.318.2142
New Zealand28.328.028.236.6456
OECD average7.35.18.019.5161
Spain2.32.51.517.5164
Sweden8.56.27.919.9143
Switzerland18.213.616.842.4137
United Kingdom16.210.716.640.3135
United States3.4120
OECD countriesTertiary
NZE28.3NZE456
AUS19.9JAP177
SWI18.2FRA173
UK16.2SPA164
AUT14.1ITA163
GER11.2OECD161
FRA11.0AUS158
CAN10.6NET152
BEL9.6SWE143
SWE8.5NOR142
DEN7.9FIN142
OECD7.3GER139
NOR4.5SWI137
NET3.9UK135
USA3.4DEN133
JAP2.9USA120
FIN2.6CAN116
SPA2.3BEL114
ITA2.0AUT111
OECD countriesADVANCED
SWI42.4
UK40.3
NZE36.6
CAN34.1
FRA33.9
BEL31.3
AUS26.4
AUT21.3
DEN20.4
SWE19.9
OECD19.5
NOR18.2
SPA17.5
FIN7.0
ITA3.6
Table C3.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS (%)
CHARTAUS
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS (2000-2004)
CHARTSBMD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS (%)
Table C3.2
YEARYEARAUS
91-92388560000000000
93-9446020.5793321928
95-9638855.5237399306
96-9746020.5793321928
97-9852731.974695785
99-0060715.2258695452
00-0169843.9508574029
01-0282069.4000148771
02-03135190.748143643
03-04153701.692643269
04-05166955
05-06174958.706063298
06-07184043.599145004
00-01
ChinaIndiaAfricaAsiaEuropeN AmOceaniaS AmUnknownAllMs04Ms00
AUS28309157425548828491053965596374190791281669556.35.61.05AUS112
AUT732805823903275294022638667337071.31.60.45AUT78
BEL156617011390240226801320461126483443041.72.10.55BEL81
CAN1841643261466230915216058359861868749851329825.06.11.74CAN82
DEN113916969012788230340542954967171620.60.70.30DEN94
FIN13081328948094258263341605779150.30.30.27FIN101
FRA11514494110841244925158239542719427250122375879.07.33.00FRA123
GER25284423723698649171284554172414742417132603149.810.03.96GER98
ITA2762733620382428539476483285300406411.51.32.73ITA115
JAP7613028090434784258315085421157151179034.43.66.46JAP125
KOR64621511063065336442611541107780.40.21.73KOR226
NET1957116219128341233237352138321212590.80.70.88NET107
NOR468145106212086092365323112709123920.50.50.30NOR101
NZE242151698226629525022349388724627486689042.60.40.15NZE594
SPA39085621911891309583055198710417341.61.41.86SPA116
SWE1141550954272020254144132510268047364581.41.40.46SWE101
SWI7412812533220727294635791418517357051.31.40.42SWI97
UK477381462526696784341029201762821758639120130005611.311.93.16UK95
USA8794379736381501892027311127705453469603252557250921.625.320.34USA85
OECD337173123832262720565641610542824512001613940093919225775285.285.5
NOECD4415757957544915425472948553580034159039339214.814.5
ALL3813301296273381697198956834908798620816173559939192651144100100
GDP
USA57250920.34NZE451995NZE100.00AUS100.00
UK3000563.16AUS158402AUS35.05UK59.97
GER2603143.96UK94993UK21.02SWI53.72
FRA2375873.00SWI85087SWI18.82BEL50.63
AUS1669551.05BEL80202BEL17.74SWE50.15
CAN1329821.74SWE79434SWE17.57FRA50.00
JAP1179036.46FRA79203FRA17.52CAN48.27
NZE689040.15CAN76463CAN16.92AUT47.04
BEL443040.55AUT74505AUT16.48GER41.46
SPA417341.86GER65677GER14.53DEN36.12
ITA406412.73DEN57212DEN12.66NOR25.66
SWE364580.46NOR40644NOR8.99FIN18.59
SWI357050.42FIN29443FIN6.51USA17.77
AUT337070.45USA28146USA6.23NET15.22
NET212590.88NET24106NET5.33SPA14.17
DEN171620.30SPA22452SPA4.97JAP11.51
NOR123920.30JAP18237JAP4.03ITA9.38
KOR107781.73ITA14864ITA3.29KOR3.93
FIN79150.27KOR6227KOR1.38
OECD2257752
NOECD393392
ALL2651144
ChinaIndia
USA87943USA79736
JAP76130AUS15742
UK47738UK14625
AUS28309CAN4326
GER25284GER4237
NZE24215NZE1698
CAN18416SWE550
FRA11514FRA494
KOR6462SWI281
NET1957JAP280
BEL1566ITA273
FIN1308BEL170
SWE1141DEN169
DEN1139KOR151
SWI741NOR145
AUT732FIN132
NOR468NET116
SPA390SPA85
ITA276AUT80
AfricaAsiaEuropeN AmOceaniaS Am
FRA110841USA189202GER128455USA27705AUS6374USA69603
USA38150AUS82849UK102920UK17628USA4534SPA19871
UK26696UK78434USA73111CAN8359NZE3887FRA9427
GER23698GER64917FRA51582AUS6559UK2175CAN8687
CAN14662JAP34784ITA28539GER4172CAN861UK8639
BEL11390CAN30915AUT27529FRA3954JAP542GER7424
SPA6219FRA24492SWI27294NZE2349GER414ITA3285
AUS5548NZE6295BEL26801JAP1508SWE325AUS1907
ITA3620AUT3903CAN21605SWE1441FRA271SWI1418
SWI2533ITA3824SWE20254SPA830SWI79NET1383
NET2191KOR3065SPA13095SWI635KOR61JAP1157
NOR1062NET2834NET12332ITA476SPA55BEL1126
SWE954SWE2720AUS10539KOR442DEN54SWE1026
JAP904BEL2402DEN8230AUT402NET52AUT386
FIN894SWI2207NOR6092NET373ITA48NOR311
DEN690DEN1278FIN4258NOR365BEL46DEN295
AUT582NOR1208JAP2583DEN340FIN34NZE246
NZE226SPA1189NZE2502BEL320NOR32FIN160
KOR106FIN809KOR336FIN263AUT26KOR154
USA21.625.320.34USA (85)85
UK11.311.93.16UK (95)95
GER9.810.03.96GER (98)98
FRA9.07.33.00FRA (123)123
AUS6.35.61.05AUS (112)112
CAN5.06.11.74CAN (82)82
JAP4.43.66.46JAP (125)125
NZE2.60.40.15NZE (600)594
BEL1.72.10.55BEL (81)81
SPA1.61.41.86SPA (116)116
ITA1.51.32.73ITA (115)115
SWE1.41.40.46SWE101
SWI1.31.40.42SWI97
AUT1.31.60.45AUT78
NET0.80.70.88NET107
DEN0.60.70.30DEN94
NOR0.50.50.30NOR101
KOR0.40.21.73KOR226
FIN0.30.30.27FIN101
Table C3.2
38855.5237399306
46020.5793321928
52731.974695785
60715.2258695452
69843.9508574029
82069.4000148771
135190.748143643
153701.692643269
166955
174958.706063298
184043.599145004
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN AUSTRALIA
Table C3.3
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN 2004
Table C3.4
572509
300056
260314
237587
166955
132982
117903
68904
44304
41734
40641
36458
35705
33707
21259
17162
12392
10778
7915
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS 2004
Table C3.5
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS 2004BY SHARE OF GDP
Table C3.6
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS 2004BY SHARE OF GDP
Table C3.7
AUS
AUSTRALIA
Table C3.8
AUS
USA
Chart C3.1 (snapshot)
AUS
UK
Chart C3.2
AUS
FRANCE
Chart C3.3
AUS
GERMANY
Chart C3.4
AUS
SPAIN
Chart C3.5
AUS
SWEDEN
Chart Box C3.1
AUS
SWITZERLAND
Chart Box C3.3
CHINA
Chart C3.1 data
INDIA
Chart C3.2 data
AFRICA
Chart C3.3 data
Chart C3.4 data
Chart C3.5 data
SOUTH AMERICA
Chart Box C3.1 data
OCEANIA
Chart Box C3.3 data
USA (85)
UK (95)
GER (98)
FRA (123)
AUS (112)
CAN (82)
JAP (125)
NZE (600)
BEL (81)
SPA (116)
ITA (115)
BACHELORMASTERPhDBACHELORMASTERPhD
AUS[=21.7][=38.9][=16.6]AUS[=21.7][=38.9][=16.6]
AUT[=09.4][=17.8][=17.6]AUT[=09.4][=17.8][=17.6]
CAN[=10.9][=18.1][=27.3]CAN[=10.9][=18.1][=27.3]
DEN[=04.5][=05.5][=07.4]DEN[=04.5][=05.5][=07.4]
FIN[=02.9]m[=08.1]NZE[=12.9][=18.9][=13.2]
GER[=05.8]a[=04.9]NOR[=00.9][=02.1][=03.0]
NZE[=12.9][=18.9][=13.2]SWE[=02.8][=03.7][=04.4]
NOR[=00.9][=02.1][=03.0]SWI[=09.7][=18.5][=41.1]
SWE[=02.8][=03.7][=04.4]UK[=11.5][=33.3][=36.8]
SWI[=09.7][=18.5][=41.1]FRA[=06.9][=17.4][=23.5]
UK[=11.5][=33.3][=36.8]ITA[=01.3][=02.3][=02.5]
BEL[=14.2]m[=23.7]USA[=03.2][=12.0][=26.4]
FRA[=06.9][=17.4][=23.5]
ITA[=01.3][=02.3][=02.5]
USA[=03.2][=12.0][=26.4]PhD
SWI[=41.1]
UK[=36.8]
BACHELORMASTERCAN[=27.3]
AUS[=21.7]AUS[=38.9]USA[=26.4]
BEL[=14.2]UK[=33.3]BEL[=23.7]
NZE[=12.9]NZE[=18.9]FRA[=23.5]
UK[=11.5]SWI[=18.5]AUT[=17.6]
CAN[=10.9]CAN[=18.1]AUS[=16.6]
SWI[=09.7]AUT[=17.8]NZE[=13.2]
AUT[=09.4]FRA[=17.4]FIN[=08.1]
FRA[=06.9]USA[=12.0]DEN[=07.4]
GER[=05.8]DEN[=05.5]GER[=04.9]
DEN[=04.5]SWE[=03.7]SWE[=04.4]
USA[=03.2]ITA[=02.3]NOR[=03.0]
FIN[=02.9]NOR[=02.1]ITA[=02.5]
SWE[=02.8]
ITA[=01.3]
NOR[=00.9]
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
BACHELOR
MASTER
PhD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
BACHELOR INTERNATIONAL GRADUATES (%)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MASTER INTERNATIONAL GRADUATES (%)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
PhD INTERNATIONAL GRADUATES (%)
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
BACHELOR
MASTER
PhD
INTERNATIONAL GRADUATES (%)
Countries of originCountries of destination
OECD countriesNon-OECD countriesTotal all reporting destinations
International students by country of originForeign students by country of originTotal OECD destinationsTotal non-OECD destinations6
Australia1Canada1,2Denmark1Germany3,4,5Ireland3Netherlands3,4Slovak Republic1Spain1,5Sweden1Switzerland3,5United Kingdom1United States1Austria5,6Belgium6Czech Republic6Finland6France6Greece6Hungary6Iceland6Italy6Japan6Korea6New Zealand6Norway6Poland4,6Portugal6Turkey6Chile6
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)
OECD countries
Australiaa0.41.80.20.40.1n0.21.10.30.50.50.10.1n0.30.1nn0.60.10.30.33.80.20.10.20.20.40.80.10.4
Austria0.10.10.82.50.30.20.11.01.92.20.40.2a0.10.10.50.2n0.21.20.5nnn0.30.30.10.10.50.3n0.5
Belgiumn0.31.50.70.64.1n2.00.90.80.80.10.2an0.31.20.1n0.40.4n0.1n0.20.10.5n0.50.2n0.5
Canada1.9a1.00.32.60.10.60.11.21.11.34.70.20.3n0.90.5n0.51.20.30.21.00.50.41.91.1n1.81.60.21.6
Czech Republic0.1n0.11.10.20.127.60.11.10.60.10.21.50.2a0.60.3n0.11.40.4nnn0.32.6nn0.30.1n0.3
Denmark0.10.1a0.30.10.2n0.21.00.30.60.20.20.1n0.60.1nn10.80.2nn0.17.40.1nn0.30.2n0.3
Finlandn0.10.50.50.80.30.10.33.30.30.60.10.40.2na0.1n0.25.70.2nnn2.40.10.1n0.30.30.10.2
France0.35.65.13.24.70.60.15.56.416.13.81.21.230.20.11.7an0.42.92.00.20.10.31.00.47.30.12.63.70.22.2
Germany0.80.88.8a5.016.20.15.110.323.44.01.518.11.20.63.52.80.75.910.63.30.30.41.24.02.21.90.82.64.70.32.3
Greecen0.10.61.70.40.35.30.30.60.87.60.40.71.30.90.61.0a1.30.217.6nnn0.10.40.17.41.9n1.41.9
Hungarynn0.11.30.10.20.60.10.30.70.10.24.00.20.11.30.2na0.20.50.1nn0.30.8nn0.3n0.10.3
Icelandnn7.30.1n0.1nn0.1n0.10.10.1nn0.3nn0.2annnn2.0nnn0.1nn0.1
Ireland0.10.11.30.2a0.1n0.20.30.14.90.20.10.10.10.40.2n0.10.4nnnn0.20.10.1n0.80.1n0.8
Italy0.10.21.32.11.20.4n5.02.46.41.70.618.56.2n1.22.00.10.21.8a0.1nn0.60.21.00.11.40.91.51.4
Japan1.91.20.41.00.40.10.30.30.50.92.17.10.80.40.11.21.0n0.21.00.6a8.51.30.30.2n0.12.80.60.22.4
Korea2.30.10.11.8n0.10.10.10.20.41.29.21.00.10.10.41.0n0.10.20.119.7a0.10.20.5n0.24.30.60.73.7
Luxembourgnn0.61.10.1nn0.2n1.10.3n1.03.3nn0.7nnn0.1nnnnn0.3n0.3nn0.3
Mexico0.21.10.30.50.10.1n6.20.50.60.72.30.10.2n0.40.6nn0.80.40.10.20.10.30.10.1n1.04.00.30.9
Netherlands0.10.21.10.50.5an0.72.50.60.80.30.46.9n0.90.3nn1.60.30.1nn1.3n0.3n0.50.5n0.5
New Zealand2.70.10.50.1nnnn0.10.10.20.2nnn0.1nnnnn0.10.3a0.1nnn0.3nn0.3
Norway1.90.215.30.41.60.31.90.20.90.41.20.30.20.10.70.80.1n5.14.50.3nn0.4a5.60.1n0.60.5n0.6
Poland0.10.21.26.30.70.71.21.11.81.70.30.54.00.90.91.61.40.20.83.12.50.10.1n1.1a0.4n1.20.10.21.0
Portugaln0.10.10.30.20.2n9.10.50.40.90.20.11.70.30.31.1nn0.20.2nnn0.30.1an0.5n0.10.4
Slovak Republic0.1nn0.60.10.1a0.10.40.60.10.14.50.151.80.30.2n18.90.60.4nnn0.41.5nn0.7nn0.7
Spain0.10.23.02.32.21.00.2a4.11.82.00.61.02.9n1.31.70.10.31.41.00.10.1n0.70.23.0n1.12.80.21.0
Sweden0.60.25.70.40.50.20.30.5a0.71.10.50.50.10.36.80.3n0.86.10.30.1n0.39.81.40.1n0.61.10.10.5
Switzerland0.20.31.80.90.20.1n1.21.0a0.50.30.80.3n0.50.6n0.11.02.6n0.1n0.30.10.41.80.50.3n0.5
Turkey0.10.30.43.30.10.80.2n0.11.50.72.06.00.8n0.71.00.30.30.60.40.10.2n0.50.1na1.2n1.41.3
United Kingdom1.00.714.61.017.00.50.32.21.41.0a1.50.60.61.82.21.10.10.21.60.60.30.10.52.70.30.61.11.11.20.20.9
United States2.16.56.01.715.80.40.42.53.21.74.5a1.00.50.62.51.10.21.95.90.91.13.12.92.56.71.30.21.924.11.21.8
Total from OECD countries17.119.381.036.555.927.639.544.848.366.543.135.067.359.058.532.021.02.338.166.536.223.214.812.039.826.219.112.332.548.78.728.9
Partner countries
Brazil0.20.40.40.80.10.20.13.80.21.10.41.40.20.4n0.30.7nn0.41.50.40.2n0.40.311.4n0.83.20.40.8
Chile0.10.10.10.3nn0.12.80.20.40.10.30.10.3n0.10.2nn0.20.4nn0.10.6nnn0.2a0.20.2
China17.07.26.111.58.74.30.10.70.72.515.915.42.23.50.116.54.80.10.72.20.764.660.035.13.80.60.40.715.21.10.113.0
India9.41.10.61.92.50.10.30.10.20.94.913.90.20.40.31.70.2n0.40.40.70.21.42.51.21.30.1n5.70.2n5.7
Israel0.20.30.50.5n0.37.50.2n0.20.40.60.10.10.70.30.10.35.50.22.3nnn0.20.3n0.10.40.3n0.4
Russian Federation0.30.60.75.50.60.61.70.40.32.00.61.01.01.12.714.41.10.91.86.11.30.31.50.35.44.70.24.31.40.20.51.2
Main geographic regions
Total from Africa3.310.02.49.04.63.46.213.90.79.68.96.71.725.71.911.346.71.81.92.08.90.81.00.38.63.459.62.411.70.219.212.8
Total from Asia76.020.211.030.328.39.123.73.23.19.746.962.314.09.37.628.415.483.614.49.010.894.389.846.714.715.91.863.545.02.951.946.0
Total from Europe6.312.274.147.638.328.467.845.843.371.334.312.881.760.566.553.821.713.781.076.570.22.23.13.649.270.917.833.525.317.918.524.3
of which, from EU19 countries3.48.744.816.833.624.36.632.435.756.129.67.543.154.94.120.212.81.39.745.226.81.21.02.831.06.115.39.715.016.2mm
Total from North America3.96.96.92.018.40.51.02.64.52.85.94.81.20.70.63.31.70.32.57.21.21.34.13.42.98.64.70.23.825.71.43.5
Total from Oceania3.80.52.30.20.50.1n0.21.20.40.70.80.10.1n0.40.1nn0.60.10.50.65.60.30.10.20.20.90.80.20.8
Total from South America1.15.21.83.60.61.91.234.21.26.32.912.21.12.50.92.04.00.10.24.58.11.01.40.42.50.915.50.15.752.58.76.1
Not specified5.545.01.57.29.256.7nn46.0n0.40.40.21.122.40.710.50.5n0.20.7nn39.921.90.10.40.17.6mn7.6
Total from all countries100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100
Countries of originCountries of destination
OECD countriesNon-OECD countriesTotal all reporting destinations
Australia1Austria2BelgiumCanada4Czech RepublicDenmarkFinlandFranceGermany2,3GreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlands3New ZealandNorwayPoland3PortugalSlovak RepublicSpain2SwedenSwitzerland2TurkeyUnited Kingdom1United States1Total OECD destinationsBrazilChileIsraelRussian FederationTotal non-OECD destinations
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)
OECD countries
Australiaa0.20.46.9n0.40.32.23.5nnn0.60.43.70.3mm0.427.60.20.10.3n0.43.00.70.316.028.996.9m0.4mm3.1100.0
Austria1.1a0.41.40.10.30.34.056.0n0.3n0.31.70.3nmm1.20.20.30.20.1n1.63.97.10.110.67.398.9m0.1mm1.1100.0
Belgium0.60.7a2.8n0.20.226.09.30.1nn0.71.60.30.1mm18.10.10.2n0.7n2.71.92.8n22.17.598.9m0.1mm1.1100.0
Canada7.90.10.3an0.20.23.21.4n0.2n0.80.30.70.3mm0.21.00.10.40.4n0.20.90.7n9.968.898.3m0.2mm1.7100.0
Czech Republic1.67.11.02.0a0.30.79.435.10.10.20.10.42.10.5nmm0.80.20.62.9n6.31.03.42.6n5.114.998.3m0.1mm1.7100.0
Denmark1.61.00.63.2na0.74.710.6nn0.80.31.00.3nmm1.41.313.90.10.1n0.915.71.50.125.213.098.0m0.2mm2.0100.0
Finland0.81.40.71.50.11.3a3.310.6n0.30.31.01.00.40.1mm1.30.23.00.10.1n0.841.01.1n18.86.295.3m0.2mm4.7100.0
France0.90.723.411.1n0.30.2a11.7n0.1n1.11.40.5nmm0.70.40.20.12.0n2.92.66.7n19.711.998.8m0.3mm1.2100.0
Germany2.29.90.82.30.11.20.410.8a0.21.20.11.02.20.50.1mm9.01.40.80.30.5n2.44.612.10.219.614.198.1m0.4mm1.9100.0
Greece0.10.51.10.40.30.10.14.514.8a0.3n0.114.0nnmm0.4nn0.1n0.20.30.60.62.244.64.289.3mnmm10.7100.0
Hungary0.816.71.21.50.20.71.36.738.5nan0.22.31.3nmm1.20.10.50.90.10.20.82.32.6n4.612.497.0mnmm3.0100.0
Iceland0.50.80.31.50.137.10.81.75.2n0.7an0.60.2nmm1.30.38.0nnn0.614.50.4n9.915.399.8mnmm0.2100.0
Ireland0.90.20.31.10.10.30.22.92.7nnna0.10.1nmm0.40.10.1n0.1n0.50.90.2n82.55.799.5mnmm0.5100.0
Italy0.413.96.10.8n0.30.210.418.1n0.1n0.3a0.2nmm0.80.10.2n0.4n4.11.610.0n11.67.486.9m0.1mm13.1100.0
Japan5.20.40.32.8n0.10.23.84.1nnn0.10.4a1.5mm0.11.50.1nnn0.20.40.4n10.466.598.6mnmm1.4100.0
Korea4.00.30.13.4nnn2.45.6nnnnn23.7amm0.10.1nnnn0.10.10.2n3.553.597.3mnmm2.7100.0
Luxembourg0.14.921.30.2nnn24.830.10.1nn0.20.4nnam0.3nnn0.8n0.20.13.8n12.10.7100.0mnmm0.0100.0
Mexico1.50.20.46.3n0.20.15.94.0nnn0.10.60.50.1ma0.20.20.1n0.1n10.80.70.5n8.154.495.1m0.8mm4.9100.0
Netherlands1.31.025.13.40.10.90.65.015.3nn0.10.50.80.5nmma0.21.3n0.4n1.75.22.6n20.112.398.6m0.2mm1.4100.0
New Zealand68.50.1n2.4n0.20.10.61.0nnn0.10.11.30.4mm0.1a0.2nnn0.10.70.2n8.314.698.9mnmm1.1100.0
Norway20.80.40.21.50.711.10.42.15.1n4.30.11.30.70.2nmm0.71.9a2.90.10.21.09.70.7n23.59.599.1m0.2mm0.9100.0
Poland0.74.51.32.60.41.20.410.750.60.10.4n0.33.30.3nmm1.1n0.4a0.20.11.53.01.6n3.29.697.4mnmm2.6100.0
Portugal0.30.46.02.50.30.30.221.215.1nnn0.20.70.2nmm1.20.10.30.1an14.71.35.5n20.86.998.2mnmm1.8100.0
Slovak Republic0.79.60.40.749.10.10.12.810.4n15.6n0.10.90.1nmm0.3n0.30.8na0.40.61.2n1.03.799.1mnmm0.9100.0
Spain0.31.24.60.8n0.60.414.221.8n0.1n1.01.50.3nmm2.5n0.30.11.8na3.66.0n22.113.296.5m0.5mm3.5100.0
Sweden7.51.30.32.40.36.63.94.86.00.10.70.20.40.90.6nmm0.81.68.70.80.1n1.5a1.8n24.322.498.1m0.4mm1.9100.0
Switzerland2.82.51.14.3n0.50.414.221.0n0.1n0.210.40.40.1mm0.60.20.40.10.7n3.92.8a2.714.215.198.9m0.2mm1.1100.0
Turkey0.53.70.60.9n0.30.14.250.70.10.1nn0.30.3nmm1.3n0.1nnnn0.31.3a3.621.089.6mnmm10.4100.0
United Kingdom6.40.71.19.71.01.80.710.28.40.10.1n8.41.01.6nmm2.31.51.30.10.4n2.33.21.40.6a32.897.0m0.2mm3.0100.0
United States7.40.70.416.90.20.60.45.87.30.10.50.14.30.72.70.7mm0.64.20.71.20.5n1.62.30.80.128.7a89.6m2.7mm10.4100.0
Total from OECD countries3.62.83.33.81.10.90.36.214.2n0.6n0.91.83.40.2mm1.61.00.60.30.40.11.72.53.00.216.125.095.7m0.3mm4.3100.0
Partner countries
Brazil1.70.20.73.1n0.30.18.08.2nnnn2.92.00.1mm0.40.10.20.18.4n7.80.61.2n5.135.686.8a0.8mm13.2100.0
Chile1.10.21.53.5n0.40.16.78.1nnnn2.30.4nmm0.40.70.9nnn20.53.81.2n3.821.077.1mamm22.9100.0
China7.40.20.44.8n0.30.33.06.6nnn0.3n20.01.7mm0.56.40.1nnn0.10.30.2n12.523.188.4mnmm11.6100.0
India12.1n0.13.3n0.10.10.43.3nnn0.20.20.20.1mm0.11.30.10.1nnn0.40.2n11.361.595.5mnmm4.5100.0
Israel2.10.30.45.60.80.40.22.58.20.35.2nn6.70.3nmm1.00.10.20.2n0.80.80.30.40.29.525.471.8m0.1am28.2100.0
Russian Federation1.20.91.23.51.10.93.06.829.90.40.60.10.21.31.00.4mm0.80.51.81.00.10.10.91.91.51.74.914.481.9mnma18.1100.0
AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovakiaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUnited KingdomUnited StatesTotal OECD destinationsBrazilChileIsraelRussian FederationTotal non-OECD destinationsTotal all reporting destinations
1242,3332211
(origin based on)RESCITCITcitCITcitCITCITCITCITCITCITPRICITCITCIT00citCITCITCITCITcitcitcitcitCITresRES0CIT0CIT
Albiser_E:raw for note number
Tertiary-type B programmesTertiary-type A programmesAdvanced research programmesTotal tertiary programmes
(1)(2)(3)(4)
OECD countries
Australia16.090.03.9100
Austria1,2,3m90.39.7100
Belgium126.166.77.2100
Canada1,429.564.75.8100
Denmark19.087.53.6100
Finland3,5m85.514.5100
Hungary10.295.24.6100
Irelandmmmm
Japan124.375.7x(2)100
Koreammmm
Luxembourgmmmm
Mexicommmm
Netherlands5,6a100.0m100
Norway11.194.64.3100
Spain1,3m71.828.2100
Sweden11.992.25.9100
Switzerland3,5m73.027.0100
United Kingdom19.678.911.5100
United Statesmmmm
Czech Republic72.786.311.0100
France711.274.414.5100
Germany6,75.594.5m100
Greece728.771.3n100
Iceland72.096.51.4100
Italy74.092.73.3100
New Zealand724.373.32.4100
Poland6,70.199.9m100
Portugal71.090.68.4100
Slovak Republic70.492.76.9100
Turkey78.092.0x(2)100
Partner countries
Brazilmmmm
Chilemmmm
Israelmmmm
Russian Federation6,78.891.2m100
AgricultureEducationEngineering, manufacturing and constructionHealth and welfareHumanities and artsSciencesServicesSocial sciences, business and lawNot known or unspecifiedTotal all fields of education
OECD countries
Australia10.73.112.16.38.220.21.547.9n100
Austria1,2,31.65.412.08.524.510.31.136.50.2100
Belgium111.34.47.339.68.59.24.015.10.6100
Canada1,3,41.12.212.55.69.614.31.227.326.1100
Denmark11.84.712.921.118.99.10.830.7n100
Finland3,52.32.730.812.017.69.23.022.4n100
Francemmmmmmmmmm
Germany3,5,61.54.618.85.823.817.31.327.00.2100
Greecemmmmmmmmmm
Hungary111.86.814.024.113.67.52.220.0n100
Irelandmmmmmmmmmm
Japan12.42.713.12.826.01.32.233.116.3100
Koreammmmmmmmmm
Luxembourgmmmmmmmmmm
Mexicommmmmmmmmm
Netherlands5,61.87.25.814.113.06.73.148.2n100
Norway11.45.24.19.817.120.53.133.65.1100
Spain1,31.92.58.111.411.96.81.627.628.2100
Sweden11.14.817.99.117.612.41.834.80.5100
Switzerland3,51.13.716.05.919.117.02.532.91.8100
United Kingdom10.84.315.28.514.414.71.039.81.3100
United States10.33.015.65.711.019.41.931.012.0100
Czech Republic72.34.114.321.911.211.21.533.6n100
Iceland71.68.24.95.553.011.51.813.5n100
Italy71.81.914.424.718.56.31.430.30.8100
New Zealand70.64.76.56.55.213.61.752.88.5100
Poland6,70.78.56.921.121.22.12.637.0n100
Portugal71.66.119.48.07.89.95.541.6n100
Slovak Republic710.36.013.326.013.56.75.918.2n100
Turkey72.57.915.014.36.58.64.440.7n100
Number of foreign studentsIndex of change (2004)
200420032002200120002003=1002002=1002000=100
Foreign students enrolled worldwide2,651,1442,458,2122,230,1651,946,3781,875,567108119141
Foreign students enrolled in OECD countries2,257,7522,073,9941,899,7671,656,4781,604,123109119141
Proportion of international graduates in total graduate output
Tertiary-type A programmesAdvanced research programmes
First degreesSecond degrees
(1)(2)(5)
OECD countries
AUS[=21.7][=38.9][=16.6]
AUT[=09.4][=17.8][=17.6]
CAN[=10.9][=18.1][=27.3]
DEN[=04.5][=05.5][=07.4]
FIN[=02.9]m[=08.1]
GER[=05.8]a[=04.9]
NZE[=12.9][=18.9][=13.2]
NOR[=00.9][=02.1][=03.0]
SWE[=02.8][=03.7][=04.4]
SWI[=09.7][=18.5][=41.1]
UK[=11.5][=33.3][=36.8]
BEL[=14.2]m[=23.7]
FRA[=06.9][=17.4][=23.5]
ITA[=01.3][=02.3][=02.5]
USA[=03.2][=12.0][=26.4]
ChinaIndiaAfricaAsiaEuropeN AmOceaniaS AmUnknownAllMs04Ms00
AUS28309157425548828491053965596374190791281669556.35.6
AUT732805823903275294022638667337071.31.6
BEL156617011390240226801320461126483443041.72.1
CAN1841643261466230915216058359861868749851329825.06.1
DEN113916969012788230340542954967171620.60.7
FIN13081328948094258263341605779150.30.3
FRA11514494110841244925158239542719427250122375879.07.3
GER25284423723698649171284554172414742417132603149.810.0
ITA2762733620382428539476483285300406411.51.3
JAP7613028090434784258315085421157151179034.43.6
KOR64621511063065336442611541107780.40.2
NET1957116219128341233237352138321212590.80.7
NOR468145106212086092365323112709123920.50.5
NZE242151698226629525022349388724627486689042.60.4
SPA3908562191189130958305519871n417341.61.4
SWE1141550954272020254144132510268047364581.41.4
SWI7412812533220727294635791418517357051.31.4
UK477381462526696784341029201762821758639120130005611.311.9
USA8794379736381501892027311127705453469603252557250921.625.3
OECD337173123832262720565641610542824512001613940093919225775285.285.5
NOECD4415757957544915425472948553580034159n39339214.814.5
ALL3813301296273381697198956834908798620816173559939192651144100100
16.6454968006
13.3510067673
12.7243591379
11.289524656
8.8450016855
6.742957279
6
4.8130645054
4.551190531
4.0158464514
3.4492877341
3.387532809
2.7725337951
2.6547746257
1.6596132713
0.818032255
Countries are ranked in descending order of the percentage of international students in tertiary education.Source: OECD. Table C3.1. See Annex 3 for notes (www.oecd.org/edu/eag2006).
%
This chart shows the percentage of international students in tertiary enrolments. According to country-specific immigration legislations and data availability constraints, student mobility is either defined on the basis of students' country of residence or the country where students received their prior education. Note that the data presented in this chart are not comparable with data on foreign students in tertiary education presented in previous editions of Education at a Glance or elsewhere in this chapter.
International students as a percentage of tertiary enrolments
Chart C3.1. Student mobility in tertiary education (2004)
6.1589375373
1.0072687353
1.6198834806
1.3864074171
1.3621480864
1.3291447333
1.3596954947
2.0686544389
0.826096855
0.4377342958
2.1972022327
3.5512994204
6.1123382956
5.6390414205
7.3089897615
9.972077777
11.8863255751
25.3346854578
10.442068985
25.334685457821.5947907771
11.886325575111.3179819731
9.9720777779.8189309973
7.30898976158.9616784301
5.63904142056.2974700733
6.11233829565.0160232715
3.55129942044.4472499419
2.19720223272.8586149979
0.43773429582.5990289475
0.8260968551.8851861687
2.06865443891.671127634
1.35969549471.5741883504
1.32914473331.5329608652
1.36214808641.3751799223
1.38640741711.3467770894
1.61988348061.2714133974
1.00726873531.1469388309
0.74708074940.8018802449
0.68624581260.6473431847
0.59592645850.6093595821
0.9412620290.5770339144
0.30380146380.5628890773
0.4593277660.5416906815
0.52805364990.4870727505
0.39524047930.4789630439
0.46380641160.4674208568
0.179838950.4065414779
0.32662122970.3062074335
0.29697686090.2985503617
0.37258066490.2918739985
0.18538393990.196405778
0.12956082080.0713654181
0.083708020.0618600876
0.06717968490.0469985787
0.02148683570.0184448676
9.81692469538.4125569943
Source: OECD and UNESCO Institute for Statistics for most data on non-OECD countries. Table C3.8. See Annex 3 for notes (www.oecd.org/edu/eag2006).
Other OECD
Malaysia
Austria
Switzerland
Sweden
Italy
Spain
Belgium
South Africa
New Zealand
Russian Federation
Japan
Canada
Australia
France
Germany
United Kingdom
United States
Other non-OECD
6.3400554628
1.1469388309
1.2714133974
1.3467770894
1.3751799223
1.5329608652
1.5741883504
1.671127634
1.8851861687
2.5990289475
2.8586149979
4.4472499419
5.0160232715
6.2974700733
8.9616784301
9.8189309973
11.3179819731
21.5947907771
8.9478353496
2000
2004
Chart C3.2. Distribution of foreign students by country of destination (2000, 2004)Percentage of foreign tertiary students reported to the OECD who are enrolled in each country of destination.
1.25
2.5
1
1
1875567
2651144
Countries are ranked in descending order of the 2004 market shares. Source: OECD. Table C3.8. See Annex 3 for notes (www.oecd.org/edu/eag2006).
Countries are ranked in descending order of 2004 market shares.Source: OECD and UNESCO Institute for Statistics for most data on non-OECD countries. Table C3.8. See Annex 3 for notes (www.oecd.org/edu/eag2006).
2000
2004
Market shares (%)
Chart C3.3. Trends in international education market shares (2000, 2004)Percentage of all foreign tertiary students enrolled by destination.
9.64523281621.06430155218.4873121458060.8031534861
17.99591002045.52147239268.1799591002068.3026584867
20.6649831656.52356902364.72976895398.494427028959.5872518286
22.420708151924.69181368571.90448069680.809527324650.173470141
26.147208785514.30906000787.9356778664051.6080533403
27.802720632621.87227769224.054144609046.2708570663
30.304878048826.03658536595.9756097561037.6829268293
30.92541008988.04704425876.1219436707054.9056019808
14.364915500514.08197598847.2073105452064.341974459
16.763005780311.42116802872.498172878928.15095342541.1666998871
16.84761281882.78613472862.702980472816.304774362361.3584976175
23.841327666521.13944545644.6549281522050.364298725
23.87106357698.45216874635.36244800950.170825906162.1434937611
26.09185686119.77740208515.24091293325.128205128253.7616229924
27.813130529339.59335713184.3561487920.636349526627.6010140204
28.00608438895.64851149772.188334845926.064448506438.0926207611
30.69679546488.53585014134.27997853731.349303663355.1380579958
31.38004984649.12305106364.83973801660.475279661554.1818814119
33.03604585696.29035542723.0846820082057.5889167076
33.284920973924.1008116196.8432293891035.7710380179
34.18361208045.93590823413.65780291181.768740223854.45393655
35.31607297855.72604137453.032304087312.041317075643.8842644841
37.51013522025.75781230334.55165814720.154105708552.0262886209
42.362722351112.04563031712.6778808971042.9137664346
1. Distribution of foreign students by field of education. These data are not comparable with data on international students and are therefore presented separately.Countries are ranked in descending order of the proportion of international and foreign students enrolled in sciences, agriculture, engineering, manufacturing and construction.Source: OECD. Table C3.5. See Annex 3 for notes (www.oecd.org/edu/eag2006).
International students
Foreign students
Science, agriculture, engineering, manufacturing and construction
Health and welfare
Education
Unknown
Humanities, arts, services, social sciences, business and law
%
Chart C3.4. Distribution of international and foreign students by field of education (2004)Percentage of international and foreign tertiary students enrolled in different fields of education.
21.681069548338.858718590816.5651900063
12.850163438918.941630706313.1621187801
11.47994467533.343123973536.7568984728
10.89835100818.052047875327.3389053653
9.745047954118.477708086141.1
9.409503154617.796610169517.6013098649
5.757141113304.9096724004
4.47184768625.46472564397.3604060914
2.859949480808.0727686185
2.76131812543.70508982044.3557642149
0.92245153222.13916892063.0423280423
14.2023.6646382691
6.888413061517.372441510723.5273159145
3.20333366211.966241991626.3611558973
3.07022461410.69121813036.0470324748
2.72897421960.93424681917.5057736721
2.66544301023.25504738366.0560181681
1.30587283712.2716892712.4563060935
0.91572968590.43088590142.1077283372
0.79145715291.4240187182.1268656716
1. Proportion of foreign graduates in tertiary graduate output. These data are not comparable with data on international graduates and are therefore presented separately.Countries are ranked in descending order of the proportion of international and foreign graduates in tertiary-type A first degree programmes.Source: OECD. Table C3.7. See Annex 3 for notes (www.oecd.org/edu/eag2006).
International graduates
Foreign graduates
Tertiary-type A programmes, first degrees
Tertiary-type A programmes, second degrees
Advanced research programmes
%
Chart C3.5. Proportion of international and foreign graduates in tertiary graduate output (2004)Percentage of tertiary qualifications awarded to international and foreign students
610421
848077
923522
1219440
1314414
1875567
2651144
19750.6 M
19800.8 M
19850.9 M
19901.2 M
19951.3 M
20001.9 M
20042.7 M
Chart Box 3.1. Growth in internationalisation of tertiary education (1975-2004)
1082579313600160097032201787412323
Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Norway, Sweden
USD PPPs
1. For non-European Union or non-European Economic Area students.Source: OECD. Table B5.1.
Italy, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland (max. fees), Turkey
France (max. fees), Hungary, Slovak Republic1
United kingdom1 (max. fees, private institutions)
Australia
Canada
Japan, Korea
Austria1
Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden
United States
Chart Box C3.3.Annual average tuition fees charged to international students by public tertiary-type A institutions (2004)
Data for Chart 1
International students as a percentage of tertiary enrolments
Slovakiam
Mexicom
Luxembourgm
Icelandm
New Zealandm
Francem
Czech Republicm
Portugalm
Greecem
Italym
Turkeym
Polandm
Koream
Germanym
Australia16.6
United Kingdom13.4
Switzerland12.7
Austria11.3
Canada8.8
Ireland6.7
Belgium6.0
Netherlands4.8
Denmark4.6
Sweden4.0
Finland3.4
United States3.4
Hungary2.8
Japan2.7
Norway1.7
Spain0.8
res5.03.02.04.05.03.02.04.0
pri9.07.06.08.09.07.06.08.0
cit13.011.010.012.0
% of totalTotal from all countries
2004200020042000
Other OECD6.36.2
Malaysia1.11.03040718892
Austria1.31.63370730382
Switzerland1.31.43570526003
Sweden1.41.43645825548
Italy1.51.34064124929
Spain1.61.44173425502
Belgium1.72.14430438799
South Africa1.90.84997915494
New Zealand2.60.4689048210
Russian Federation2.92.27578641210
Japan4.43.611790366607
Canada5.06.1132982114641
Australia6.35.6166955105764
France9.07.3237587137085
Germany9.810.0260314187033
United Kingdom11.311.9300056222936sum top 5 destinations
United States21.625.357250947516958.060.1size of bubbles
Other non-OECD8.910.423722019584820002004
1.252.5
Total all reporting destinations1001002,651,1441,875,567% OECD area11
Total OECD destinations2,257,7521,604,12385.285.518755672651144
Total non-OECD393,392271,444
Netherlands0.80.82125914012
Denmark0.60.71716212871
Portugal0.60.61615511177
Turkey0.61.01529817654
Czech Republic0.60.3149235698
Greece0.50.5143618615
Hungary0.50.5129139904
Ireland0.50.4126987413
Norway0.50.5123928699
Korea0.40.2107783373
Poland0.30.381186126
Finland0.30.379155570
Mexico0.10.118922430
Slovakia0.10.116401570
Iceland0.00.0580403
Tremblay_K:UIS-imputed data
Tremblay_K:UIS-imputed data
Total from all countriesMarket shares
2004200020002004difference
United States572509475169United States25.321.6-3.7
United Kingdom300056222936United Kingdom11.911.3-0.6
Germany260314187033Germany10.09.8-0.2
France237587137085France7.39.01.7
Australia166955105764Australia5.66.30.7
Canada132982114641Canada6.15.0-1.1
Japan11790366607Japan3.64.40.9
Russian Federation7578641210Russian Federation2.22.90.7
New Zealand689048210New Zealand0.42.62.2
South Africa4997915494South Africa0.81.91.1
Belgium4430438799Belgium2.11.7-0.4
Spain4173425502Spain1.41.60.2
Italy4064124929Italy1.31.50.2
Sweden3645825548Sweden1.41.40.0
Switzerland3570526003Switzerland1.41.3-0.0
Austria3370730382Austria1.61.3-0.3
Malaysia3040718892Malaysia1.01.10.1
Netherlands2125914012Netherlands0.70.80.1
Denmark1716212871Denmark0.70.6-0.0
Portugal1615511177Portugal0.60.60.0
Turkey1529817654Turkey0.90.6-0.4
Czech Republic149235698Czech Republic0.30.60.3
Greece143618615Greece0.50.50.1
Hungary129139904Hungary0.50.5-0.0
Ireland126987413Ireland0.40.50.1
Norway123928699Norway0.50.50.0
Korea107783373Korea0.20.40.2
Poland81186126Poland0.30.3-0.0
Finland79155570Finland0.30.30.0
India77386988India0.40.3-0.1
Chile52073477Chile0.20.20.0
Mexico18922430Mexico0.10.1-0.1
Slovakia16401570Slovak Republic0.10.1-0.0
Brazil12461260Brazil0.10.0-0.0
Iceland489403Iceland0.00.0-0.0
Other non-OECD223,029184123Other non-OECD countries9.88.4-1.4
Total all reporting destinations2,651,1441,875,567
Total OECD destinations2,257,7521,604,123
Total non-OECD393,392271,444
Tremblay_K:UIS-imputed data
Tremblay_K:UIS-imputed data
Sciences, agriculture, engineering, manufacturing and constructionHealth and welfareEducationUnknownHumanities, arts, services, social sciences, business and lawNote for chart
France0.0mmm0.0
Greece0.0mmm0.0
Iceland18.05.58.2n68.3
Ireland0.0mmm0.0
Korea0.0mmm0.0
Luxembourg0.0mmm0.0
Mexico0.0mmm0.0
Poland19.621.18.5n60.81
Iceland118.05.58.2n68.31
New Zealand120.76.54.78.559.61
Italy122.424.71.90.850.21
Turkey126.114.37.9n51.61
Czech Republic127.821.94.1n46.31
Slovak Republic130.326.06.0n37.71
Portugal130.98.06.1n54.91
Netherlands14.414.17.2n64.3
Spain16.811.42.528.241.2
Japan16.82.82.716.361.4
Denmark23.821.14.7n50.4
Austria23.98.55.40.262.1
Norway26.19.85.25.153.8
Belgium27.839.64.40.627.6
Canada28.05.62.226.138.1
United Kingdom30.78.54.31.355.1
Sweden31.49.14.80.554.2
Australia33.06.33.1n57.6
Hungary33.324.16.8n35.8
Switzerland34.25.93.71.854.5
United States35.35.73.012.043.9
Germany37.55.84.60.252.0
Finland42.412.02.7n42.9
Tertiary-type A programmes, first degreesTertiary-type A programmes, second degreesAdvanced research programmes
Greecemmm
Icelandmmm
Irelandmmm
Japanmmm
Koreammm
Luxembourgmmm
Mexicommm
Netherlandsmmm
Polandmmm
Spainmmm
Australia21.738.916.6
New Zealand12.918.913.2
United Kingdom11.533.336.8
Canada10.918.127.3
Switzerland9.718.541.1
Austria9.417.817.6
Germany5.8a4.9
Denmark4.55.57.4
Finland2.9m8.1
Sweden2.83.74.4
Norway0.92.13.0
Belgium114.2m23.7
France16.917.423.5
United States13.212.026.4
Hungary13.10.76.0
Czech Republic12.70.97.5
Portugal12.73.36.1
Italy11.32.32.5
Slovak Republic10.90.42.1
Turkey10.81.42.1
UIS Global data - long term trendsindex change from period to period
1975-2.71610,4210.6
19801.71848,0770.8139
19856.51923,5220.9109
199011.611,219,4401.2132
199517.211,314,4141.3108
200023.411,875,5671.9143
200430.712,651,1442.7141
Annual average tuition fees charged by institutions (for full-time students)
United Kingdom (max. fees, private institutions)117874
United States112323
Australia110,825
Canada17,931
Japan, Korea13,685
Austria111,600
Italy, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland (max. fees), Turkey1930
France (max. fees), Hungary, Slovak Republic11332
Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden10
United Kingdom (max)17874
United States12323
Australia10825
Canada7931
Japan37473685
Korea3623
Austria1600
Switzerland (max)1132929.6
Italy983
Portugal868
Turkey864
Spain801
France (max)462331.7
Hungary351
Slovak Republic182
Czech0
Denmark0
Finland0
Iceland0
Norway0
Sweden0
-
Mobility from Asia (1 million)
Chart3
35.8189825623
14.1313359014
12.7365393147
11.1601792951
9.4784341986
5.3853781718
3.6633860125
3.2326119641
0.9713493104
USA (36)
UK (14)
AUS (13)
JAP (11)
GER (9)
CAN (5)
FRA (4)
NZE (3)
KOR (1)
Contents
Education at a Glance 2006
Indicator C3: Student mobility and foreign students in tertiary education
Statlink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/600008425146
Tables
Charts
OECD 2006
Table C3.1
Table C.. Student mobility and foreign students in tertiary education (000 004)
International mobile students enrolled as a percentage of all students (international plus domestic) foreign enrolments as a percentage of all students (foreign and national) and index of change in the number of foreign students
Reading the first column: 8.8% of all students in tertiary education in Canada are international students and .7% of all students in tertiary education in Switzerland are international students. According to country-specific immigration legislations and d
Student mobilityForeign enrolments
International students as a percentage of all tertiary enrolmentForeign students as a percentage of all tertiary enrolmentIndex of change in the number of foreign students, total tertiary (2000=100)
Total tertiaryTertiary-type B programmesTertiary-type A programmesAdvanced research programmesTotal tertiaryTertiary-type B programmesTertiary-type A programmesAdvanced research programmes
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)
OECD countriesTertiaryBAAdvancedchange 2000
Australia19.96.322.426.4158
Austria14.115.421.3111
Belgium9.65.912.931.3114
Canada10.65.511.634.1116
Denmark7.99.57.320.4133
Finland2.63.82.37.0142
France11.05.211.433.9173
Germany11.24.112.4139
Italy2.07.52.03.6163
Japan2.92.73.0x(7)177
Netherlands3.94.0152
Norway4.53.44.318.2142
New Zealand28.328.028.236.6456
OECD average7.35.18.019.5161
Spain2.32.51.517.5164
Sweden8.56.27.919.9143
Switzerland18.213.616.842.4137
United Kingdom16.210.716.640.3135
United States3.4120
OECD countriesTertiary
NZE28.3NZE456
AUS19.9JAP177
SWI18.2FRA173
UK16.2SPA164
AUT14.1ITA163
GER11.2OECD161
FRA11.0AUS158
CAN10.6NET152
BEL9.6SWE143
SWE8.5NOR142
DEN7.9FIN142
OECD7.3GER139
NOR4.5SWI137
NET3.9UK135
USA3.4DEN133
JAP2.9USA120
FIN2.6CAN116
SPA2.3BEL114
ITA2.0AUT111
OECD countriesADVANCED
SWI42.4
UK40.3
NZE36.6
CAN34.1
FRA33.9
BEL31.3
AUS26.4
AUT21.3
DEN20.4
SWE19.9
OECD19.5
NOR18.2
SPA17.5
FIN7.0
ITA3.6
Table C3.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS (%)
CHARTAUS
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS (2000-2004)
CHARTSBMD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS (%)
Table C3.2
YEARYEARAUS
91-92388560000000000
93-9446020.5793321928
95-9638855.5237399306
96-9746020.5793321928
97-9852731.974695785
99-0060715.2258695452
00-0169843.9508574029
01-0282069.4000148771
02-03135190.748143643
03-04153701.692643269
04-05166955
05-06174958.706063298
06-07184043.599145004
00-01
ChinaIndiaAfricaAsiaEuropeN AmOceaniaS AmUnknownAllMs04Ms00
AUS28309157425548828491053965596374190791281669556.35.61.05AUS112
AUT732805823903275294022638667337071.31.60.45AUT78
BEL156617011390240226801320461126483443041.72.10.55BEL81
CAN1841643261466230915216058359861868749851329825.06.11.74CAN82
DEN113916969012788230340542954967171620.60.70.30DEN94
FIN13081328948094258263341605779150.30.30.27FIN101
FRA11514494110841244925158239542719427250122375879.07.33.00FRA123
GER25284423723698649171284554172414742417132603149.810.03.96GER98
ITA2762733620382428539476483285300406411.51.32.73ITA115
JAP7613028090434784258315085421157151179034.43.66.46JAP125
KOR64621511063065336442611541107780.40.21.73KOR226
NET1957116219128341233237352138321212590.80.70.88NET107
NOR468145106212086092365323112709123920.50.50.30NOR101
NZE242151698226629525022349388724627486689042.60.40.15NZE594
SPA39085621911891309583055198710417341.61.41.86SPA116
SWE1141550954272020254144132510268047364581.41.40.46SWE101
SWI7412812533220727294635791418517357051.31.40.42SWI97
UK477381462526696784341029201762821758639120130005611.311.93.16UK95
USA8794379736381501892027311127705453469603252557250921.625.320.34USA85
OECD337173123832262720565641610542824512001613940093919225775285.285.5
NOECD4415757957544915425472948553580034159039339214.814.5
ALL3813301296273381697198956834908798620816173559939192651144100100
GDP
USA57250920.34NZE451995NZE100.00AUS100.00
UK3000563.16AUS158402AUS35.05UK59.97
GER2603143.96UK94993UK21.02SWI53.72
FRA2375873.00SWI85087SWI18.82BEL50.63
AUS1669551.05BEL80202BEL17.74SWE50.15
CAN1329821.74SWE79434SWE17.57FRA50.00
JAP1179036.46FRA79203FRA17.52CAN48.27
NZE689040.15CAN76463CAN16.92AUT47.04
BEL443040.55AUT74505AUT16.48GER41.46
SPA417341.86GER65677GER14.53DEN36.12
ITA406412.73DEN57212DEN12.66NOR25.66
SWE364580.46NOR40644NOR8.99FIN18.59
SWI357050.42FIN29443FIN6.51USA17.77
AUT337070.45USA28146USA6.23NET15.22
NET212590.88NET24106NET5.33SPA14.17
DEN171620.30SPA22452SPA4.97JAP11.51
NOR123920.30JAP18237JAP4.03ITA9.38
KOR107781.73ITA14864ITA3.29KOR3.93
FIN79150.27KOR6227KOR1.38
OECD2257752
NOECD393392
ALL2651144
ChinaIndia
USA87943USA79736
UK47738UK14625
SWI741SWI281
SWE1141SWE550
SPA390SPA85
NZE24215NZE1698
NOR468NOR145
NET1957NET116
KOR6462KOR151
JAP76130JAP280
ITA276ITA273
GER25284GER4237
FRA11514FRA494
FIN1308FIN132
DEN1139DEN169
CAN18416CAN4326
BEL1566BEL170
AUT732AUT80
AUS28309AUS15742
AsiaAsiaEuropeN AmOceaniaS Am
USA (36)356881361.05NZE (38)211277.5535483873827705AUS6374USA69603
UK (14)140797140.45AUS (22)120399.0886469672217628USA4534SPA19871
AUS (13)126900130.55UK (8)44574.269756097688359NZE3887FRA9427
JAP (11)111194111.74CAN (6)30852.016418473166559UK2175CAN8687
GER (9)9443890.30GER (4)23826.652721257244172CAN861UK8639
CAN (5)5365750.27USA (3)17545.235140623733954JAP542GER7424
FRA (4)3650043.00JAP (3)17199.546561866132349GER414ITA3285
NZE (3)3220833.96FRA (2)12167.863387978121508SWE325AUS1907
KOR (1)967812.73KOR (1)10421.858333333311441FRA271SWI1418
NET490706.46SWE9610.62378571432830SWI79NET1383
AUT471501.73DEN8620.84786885252635KOR61JAP1157
SWE441100.88FIN8366.00573170732476SPA55BEL1126
ITA437300.30SWI7694.8583593751442DEN54SWE1026
BEL413800.15BEL7490.88510385761402NET52AUT386
SWI322901.86NOR5972.68419354841373ITA48NOR311
DEN258600.46KOR5591.061251365BEL46DEN295
FIN224900.42NET5564.2461338291340FIN34NZE246
NOR182103.16ITA1599.3959112710320NOR32FIN160
SPA1664020.34SPA895.18504409170263AUT26KOR154
996346549669.87789723
USA21.625.320.34USA (85)85
UK11.311.93.16UK (95)95
GER9.810.03.96GER (98)98
FRA9.07.33.00FRA (123)123
AUS6.35.61.05AUS (112)112
CAN5.06.11.74CAN (82)82
JAP4.43.66.46JAP (125)125
NZE2.60.40.15NZE (600)594
BEL1.72.10.55BEL (81)81
SPA1.61.41.86SPA (116)116
ITA1.51.32.73ITA (115)115
SWE1.41.40.46SWE101
SWI1.31.40.42SWI97
AUT1.31.60.45AUT78
NET0.80.70.88NET107
DEN0.60.70.30DEN94
NOR0.50.50.30NOR101
KOR0.40.21.73KOR226
FIN0.30.30.27FIN101
Table C3.2
38855.5237399306
46020.5793321928
52731.974695785
60715.2258695452
69843.9508574029
82069.4000148771
135190.748143643
153701.692643269
166955
174958.706063298
184043.599145004
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN AUSTRALIA
Table C3.3
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN 2004
Table C3.4
572509
300056
260314
237587
166955
132982
117903
68904
44304
41734
40641
36458
35705
33707
21259
17162
12392
10778
7915
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS 2004
Table C3.5
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS 2004BY SHARE OF GDP
Table C3.6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS 2004BY SHARE OF GDP
Table C3.7
AUS
AUSTRALIA
Table C3.8
AUS
USA
Chart C3.1 (snapshot)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
AUS
UK
Chart C3.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
AUS
FRANCE
Chart C3.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
AUS
GERMANY
Chart C3.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
AUS
SPAIN
Chart C3.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
AUS
SWEDEN
Chart Box C3.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
AUS
SWITZERLAND
Chart Box C3.3
CHINA
Chart C3.1 data
INDIA
Chart C3.2 data
AFRICA
Chart C3.3 data
Chart C3.4 data
KOR (1)
FRA (2)
JAP (3)
USA (3)
GER (4)
CAN (6)
UK (8)
AUS (22)
NZE (38)
Chart C3.5 data
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SOUTH AMERICA
Chart Box C3.1 data
OCEANIA
Chart Box C3.3 data
USA (85)
UK (95)
GER (98)
FRA (123)
AUS (112)
CAN (82)
JAP (125)
NZE (600)
BEL (81)
SPA (116)
ITA (115)
128455
102920
73111
51582
28539
27529
27294
26801
21605
20254
13095
12332
10539
KOR (1)
NZE (3)
FRA (4)
CAN (5)
GER (9)
JAP (11)
AUS (13)
UK (14)
USA (36)
BACHELORMASTERPhDBACHELORMASTERPhD
AUS[=21.7][=38.9][=16.6]AUS[=21.7][=38.9][=16.6]
AUT[=09.4][=17.8][=17.6]AUT[=09.4][=17.8][=17.6]
CAN[=10.9][=18.1][=27.3]CAN[=10.9][=18.1][=27.3]
DEN[=04.5][=05.5][=07.4]DEN[=04.5][=05.5][=07.4]
FIN[=02.9]m[=08.1]NZE[=12.9][=18.9][=13.2]
GER[=05.8]a[=04.9]NOR[=00.9][=02.1][=03.0]
NZE[=12.9][=18.9][=13.2]SWE[=02.8][=03.7][=04.4]
NOR[=00.9][=02.1][=03.0]SWI[=09.7][=18.5][=41.1]
SWE[=02.8][=03.7][=04.4]UK[=11.5][=33.3][=36.8]
SWI[=09.7][=18.5][=41.1]FRA[=06.9][=17.4][=23.5]
UK[=11.5][=33.3][=36.8]ITA[=01.3][=02.3][=02.5]
BEL[=14.2]m[=23.7]USA[=03.2][=12.0][=26.4]
FRA[=06.9][=17.4][=23.5]
ITA[=01.3][=02.3][=02.5]
USA[=03.2][=12.0][=26.4]PhD
SWI[=41.1]
UK[=36.8]
BACHELORMASTERCAN[=27.3]
AUS[=21.7]AUS[=38.9]USA[=26.4]
BEL[=14.2]UK[=33.3]BEL[=23.7]
NZE[=12.9]NZE[=18.9]FRA[=23.5]
UK[=11.5]SWI[=18.5]AUT[=17.6]
CAN[=10.9]CAN[=18.1]AUS[=16.6]
SWI[=09.7]AUT[=17.8]NZE[=13.2]
AUT[=09.4]FRA[=17.4]FIN[=08.1]
FRA[=06.9]USA[=12.0]DEN[=07.4]
GER[=05.8]DEN[=05.5]GER[=04.9]
DEN[=04.5]SWE[=03.7]SWE[=04.4]
USA[=03.2]ITA[=02.3]NOR[=03.0]
FIN[=02.9]NOR[=02.1]ITA[=02.5]
SWE[=02.8]
ITA[=01.3]
NOR[=00.9]
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
BACHELOR
MASTER
PhD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
BACHELOR INTERNATIONAL GRADUATES (%)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MASTER INTERNATIONAL GRADUATES (%)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
PhD INTERNATIONAL GRADUATES (%)
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
BACHELOR
MASTER
PhD
INTERNATIONAL GRADUATES (%)
Countries of originCountries of destination
OECD countriesNon-OECD countriesTotal all reporting destinations
International students by country of originForeign students by country of originTotal OECD destinationsTotal non-OECD destinations6
Australia1Canada1,2Denmark1Germany3,4,5Ireland3Netherlands3,4Slovak Republic1Spain1,5Sweden1Switzerland3,5United Kingdom1United States1Austria5,6Belgium6Czech Republic6Finland6France6Greece6Hungary6Iceland6Italy6Japan6Korea6New Zealand6Norway6Poland4,6Portugal6Turkey6Chile6
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)
OECD countries
Australiaa0.41.80.20.40.1n0.21.10.30.50.50.10.1n0.30.1nn0.60.10.30.33.80.20.10.20.20.40.80.10.4
Austria0.10.10.82.50.30.20.11.01.92.20.40.2a0.10.10.50.2n0.21.20.5nnn0.30.30.10.10.50.3n0.5
Belgiumn0.31.50.70.64.1n2.00.90.80.80.10.2an0.31.20.1n0.40.4n0.1n0.20.10.5n0.50.2n0.5
Canada1.9a1.00.32.60.10.60.11.21.11.34.70.20.3n0.90.5n0.51.20.30.21.00.50.41.91.1n1.81.60.21.6
Czech Republic0.1n0.11.10.20.127.60.11.10.60.10.21.50.2a0.60.3n0.11.40.4nnn0.32.6nn0.30.1n0.3
Denmark0.10.1a0.30.10.2n0.21.00.30.60.20.20.1n0.60.1nn10.80.2nn0.17.40.1nn0.30.2n0.3
Finlandn0.10.50.50.80.30.10.33.30.30.60.10.40.2na0.1n0.25.70.2nnn2.40.10.1n0.30.30.10.2
France0.35.65.13.24.70.60.15.56.416.13.81.21.230.20.11.7an0.42.92.00.20.10.31.00.47.30.12.63.70.22.2
Germany0.80.88.8a5.016.20.15.110.323.44.01.518.11.20.63.52.80.75.910.63.30.30.41.24.02.21.90.82.64.70.32.3
Greecen0.10.61.70.40.35.30.30.60.87.60.40.71.30.90.61.0a1.30.217.6nnn0.10.40.17.41.9n1.41.9
Hungarynn0.11.30.10.20.60.10.30.70.10.24.00.20.11.30.2na0.20.50.1nn0.30.8nn0.3n0.10.3
Icelandnn7.30.1n0.1nn0.1n0.10.10.1nn0.3nn0.2annnn2.0nnn0.1nn0.1
Ireland0.10.11.30.2a0.1n0.20.30.14.90.20.10.10.10.40.2n0.10.4nnnn0.20.10.1n0.80.1n0.8
Italy0.10.21.32.11.20.4n5.02.46.41.70.618.56.2n1.22.00.10.21.8a0.1nn0.60.21.00.11.40.91.51.4
Japan1.91.20.41.00.40.10.30.30.50.92.17.10.80.40.11.21.0n0.21.00.6a8.51.30.30.2n0.12.80.60.22.4
Korea2.30.10.11.8n0.10.10.10.20.41.29.21.00.10.10.41.0n0.10.20.119.7a0.10.20.5n0.24.30.60.73.7
Luxembourgnn0.61.10.1nn0.2n1.10.3n1.03.3nn0.7nnn0.1nnnnn0.3n0.3nn0.3
Mexico0.21.10.30.50.10.1n6.20.50.60.72.30.10.2n0.40.6nn0.80.40.10.20.10.30.10.1n1.04.00.30.9
Netherlands0.10.21.10.50.5an0.72.50.60.80.30.46.9n0.90.3nn1.60.30.1nn1.3n0.3n0.50.5n0.5
New Zealand2.70.10.50.1nnnn0.10.10.20.2nnn0.1nnnnn0.10.3a0.1nnn0.3nn0.3
Norway1.90.215.30.41.60.31.90.20.90.41.20.30.20.10.70.80.1n5.14.50.3nn0.4a5.60.1n0.60.5n0.6
Poland0.10.21.26.30.70.71.21.11.81.70.30.54.00.90.91.61.40.20.83.12.50.10.1n1.1a0.4n1.20.10.21.0
Portugaln0.10.10.30.20.2n9.10.50.40.90.20.11.70.30.31.1nn0.20.2nnn0.30.1an0.5n0.10.4
Slovak Republic0.1nn0.60.10.1a0.10.40.60.10.14.50.151.80.30.2n18.90.60.4nnn0.41.5nn0.7nn0.7
Spain0.10.23.02.32.21.00.2a4.11.82.00.61.02.9n1.31.70.10.31.41.00.10.1n0.70.23.0n1.12.80.21.0
Sweden0.60.25.70.40.50.20.30.5a0.71.10.50.50.10.36.80.3n0.86.10.30.1n0.39.81.40.1n0.61.10.10.5
Switzerland0.20.31.80.90.20.1n1.21.0a0.50.30.80.3n0.50.6n0.11.02.6n0.1n0.30.10.41.80.50.3n0.5
Turkey0.10.30.43.30.10.80.2n0.11.50.72.06.00.8n0.71.00.30.30.60.40.10.2n0.50.1na1.2n1.41.3
United Kingdom1.00.714.61.017.00.50.32.21.41.0a1.50.60.61.82.21.10.10.21.60.60.30.10.52.70.30.61.11.11.20.20.9
United States2.16.56.01.715.80.40.42.53.21.74.5a1.00.50.62.51.10.21.95.90.91.13.12.92.56.71.30.21.924.11.21.8
Total from OECD countries17.119.381.036.555.927.639.544.848.366.543.135.067.359.058.532.021.02.338.166.536.223.214.812.039.826.219.112.332.548.78.728.9
Partner countries
Brazil0.20.40.40.80.10.20.13.80.21.10.41.40.20.4n0.30.7nn0.41.50.40.2n0.40.311.4n0.83.20.40.8
Chile0.10.10.10.3nn0.12.80.20.40.10.30.10.3n0.10.2nn0.20.4nn0.10.6nnn0.2a0.20.2
China17.07.26.111.58.74.30.10.70.72.515.915.42.23.50.116.54.80.10.72.20.764.660.035.13.80.60.40.715.21.10.113.0
India9.41.10.61.92.50.10.30.10.20.94.913.90.20.40.31.70.2n0.40.40.70.21.42.51.21.30.1n5.70.2n5.7
Israel0.20.30.50.5n0.37.50.2n0.20.40.60.10.10.70.30.10.35.50.22.3nnn0.20.3n0.10.40.3n0.4
Russian Federation0.30.60.75.50.60.61.70.40.32.00.61.01.01.12.714.41.10.91.86.11.30.31.50.35.44.70.24.31.40.20.51.2
Main geographic regions
Total from Africa3.310.02.49.04.63.46.213.90.79.68.96.71.725.71.911.346.71.81.92.08.90.81.00.38.63.459.62.411.70.219.212.8
Total from Asia76.020.211.030.328.39.123.73.23.19.746.962.314.09.37.628.415.483.614.49.010.894.389.846.714.715.91.863.545.02.951.946.0
Total from Europe6.312.274.147.638.328.467.845.843.371.334.312.881.760.566.553.821.713.781.076.570.22.23.13.649.270.917.833.525.317.918.524.3
of which, from EU19 countries3.48.744.816.833.624.36.632.435.756.129.67.543.154.94.120.212.81.39.745.226.81.21.02.831.06.115.39.715.016.2mm
Total from North America3.96.96.92.018.40.51.02.64.52.85.94.81.20.70.63.31.70.32.57.21.21.34.13.42.98.64.70.23.825.71.43.5
Total from Oceania3.80.52.30.20.50.1n0.21.20.40.70.80.10.1n0.40.1nn0.60.10.50.65.60.30.10.20.20.90.80.20.8
Total from South America1.15.21.83.60.61.91.234.21.26.32.912.21.12.50.92.04.00.10.24.58.11.01.40.42.50.915.50.15.752.58.76.1
Not specified5.545.01.57.29.256.7nn46.0n0.40.40.21.122.40.710.50.5n0.20.7nn39.921.90.10.40.17.6mn7.6
Total from all countries100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100
Countries of originCountries of destination
OECD countriesNon-OECD countriesTotal all reporting destinations
Australia1Austria2BelgiumCanada4Czech RepublicDenmarkFinlandFranceGermany2,3GreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlands3New ZealandNorwayPoland3PortugalSlovak RepublicSpain2SwedenSwitzerland2TurkeyUnited Kingdom1United States1Total OECD destinationsBrazilChileIsraelRussian FederationTotal non-OECD destinations
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)
OECD countries
Australiaa0.20.46.9n0.40.32.23.5nnn0.60.43.70.3mm0.427.60.20.10.3n0.43.00.70.316.028.996.9m0.4mm3.1100.0
Austria1.1a0.41.40.10.30.34.056.0n0.3n0.31.70.3nmm1.20.20.30.20.1n1.63.97.10.110.67.398.9m0.1mm1.1100.0
Belgium0.60.7a2.8n0.20.226.09.30.1nn0.71.60.30.1mm18.10.10.2n0.7n2.71.92.8n22.17.598.9m0.1mm1.1100.0
Canada7.90.10.3an0.20.23.21.4n0.2n0.80.30.70.3mm0.21.00.10.40.4n0.20.90.7n9.968.898.3m0.2mm1.7100.0
Czech Republic1.67.11.02.0a0.30.79.435.10.10.20.10.42.10.5nmm0.80.20.62.9n6.31.03.42.6n5.114.998.3m0.1mm1.7100.0
Denmark1.61.00.63.2na0.74.710.6nn0.80.31.00.3nmm1.41.313.90.10.1n0.915.71.50.125.213.098.0m0.2mm2.0100.0
Finland0.81.40.71.50.11.3a3.310.6n0.30.31.01.00.40.1mm1.30.23.00.10.1n0.841.01.1n18.86.295.3m0.2mm4.7100.0
France0.90.723.411.1n0.30.2a11.7n0.1n1.11.40.5nmm0.70.40.20.12.0n2.92.66.7n19.711.998.8m0.3mm1.2100.0
Germany2.29.90.82.30.11.20.410.8a0.21.20.11.02.20.50.1mm9.01.40.80.30.5n2.44.612.10.219.614.198.1m0.4mm1.9100.0
Greece0.10.51.10.40.30.10.14.514.8a0.3n0.114.0nnmm0.4nn0.1n0.20.30.60.62.244.64.289.3mnmm10.7100.0
Hungary0.816.71.21.50.20.71.36.738.5nan0.22.31.3nmm1.20.10.50.90.10.20.82.32.6n4.612.497.0mnmm3.0100.0
Iceland0.50.80.31.50.137.10.81.75.2n0.7an0.60.2nmm1.30.38.0nnn0.614.50.4n9.915.399.8mnmm0.2100.0
Ireland0.90.20.31.10.10.30.22.92.7nnna0.10.1nmm0.40.10.1n0.1n0.50.90.2n82.55.799.5mnmm0.5100.0
Italy0.413.96.10.8n0.30.210.418.1n0.1n0.3a0.2nmm0.80.10.2n0.4n4.11.610.0n11.67.486.9m0.1mm13.1100.0
Japan5.20.40.32.8n0.10.23.84.1nnn0.10.4a1.5mm0.11.50.1nnn0.20.40.4n10.466.598.6mnmm1.4100.0
Korea4.00.30.13.4nnn2.45.6nnnnn23.7amm0.10.1nnnn0.10.10.2n3.553.597.3mnmm2.7100.0
Luxembourg0.14.921.30.2nnn24.830.10.1nn0.20.4nnam0.3nnn0.8n0.20.13.8n12.10.7100.0mnmm0.0100.0
Mexico1.50.20.46.3n0.20.15.94.0nnn0.10.60.50.1ma0.20.20.1n0.1n10.80.70.5n8.154.495.1m0.8mm4.9100.0
Netherlands1.31.025.13.40.10.90.65.015.3nn0.10.50.80.5nmma0.21.3n0.4n1.75.22.6n20.112.398.6m0.2mm1.4100.0
New Zealand68.50.1n2.4n0.20.10.61.0nnn0.10.11.30.4mm0.1a0.2nnn0.10.70.2n8.314.698.9mnmm1.1100.0
Norway20.80.40.21.50.711.10.42.15.1n4.30.11.30.70.2nmm0.71.9a2.90.10.21.09.70.7n23.59.599.1m0.2mm0.9100.0
Poland0.74.51.32.60.41.20.410.750.60.10.4n0.33.30.3nmm1.1n0.4a0.20.11.53.01.6n3.29.697.4mnmm2.6100.0
Portugal0.30.46.02.50.30.30.221.215.1nnn0.20.70.2nmm1.20.10.30.1an14.71.35.5n20.86.998.2mnmm1.8100.0
Slovak Republic0.79.60.40.749.10.10.12.810.4n15.6n0.10.90.1nmm0.3n0.30.8na0.40.61.2n1.03.799.1mnmm0.9100.0
Spain0.31.24.60.8n0.60.414.221.8n0.1n1.01.50.3nmm2.5n0.30.11.8na3.66.0n22.113.296.5m0.5mm3.5100.0
Sweden7.51.30.32.40.36.63.94.86.00.10.70.20.40.90.6nmm0.81.68.70.80.1n1.5a1.8n24.322.498.1m0.4mm1.9100.0
Switzerland2.82.51.14.3n0.50.414.221.0n0.1n0.210.40.40.1mm0.60.20.40.10.7n3.92.8a2.714.215.198.9m0.2mm1.1100.0
Turkey0.53.70.60.9n0.30.14.250.70.10.1nn0.30.3nmm1.3n0.1nnnn0.31.3a3.621.089.6mnmm10.4100.0
United Kingdom6.40.71.19.71.01.80.710.28.40.10.1n8.41.01.6nmm2.31.51.30.10.4n2.33.21.40.6a32.897.0m0.2mm3.0100.0
United States7.40.70.416.90.20.60.45.87.30.10.50.14.30.72.70.7mm0.64.20.71.20.5n1.62.30.80.128.7a89.6m2.7mm10.4100.0
Total from OECD countries3.62.83.33.81.10.90.36.214.2n0.6n0.91.83.40.2mm1.61.00.60.30.40.11.72.53.00.216.125.095.7m0.3mm4.3100.0
Partner countries
Brazil1.70.20.73.1n0.30.18.08.2nnnn2.92.00.1mm0.40.10.20.18.4n7.80.61.2n5.135.686.8a0.8mm13.2100.0
Chile1.10.21.53.5n0.40.16.78.1nnnn2.30.4nmm0.40.70.9nnn20.53.81.2n3.821.077.1mamm22.9100.0
China7.40.20.44.8n0.30.33.06.6nnn0.3n20.01.7mm0.56.40.1nnn0.10.30.2n12.523.188.4mnmm11.6100.0
India12.1n0.13.3n0.10.10.43.3nnn0.20.20.20.1mm0.11.30.10.1nnn0.40.2n11.361.595.5mnmm4.5100.0
Israel2.10.30.45.60.80.40.22.58.20.35.2nn6.70.3nmm1.00.10.20.2n0.80.80.30.40.29.525.471.8m0.1am28.2100.0
Russian Federation1.20.91.23.51.10.93.06.829.90.40.60.10.21.31.00.4mm0.80.51.81.00.10.10.91.91.51.74.914.481.9mnma18.1100.0
AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovakiaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUnited KingdomUnited StatesTotal OECD destinationsBrazilChileIsraelRussian FederationTotal non-OECD destinationsTotal all reporting destinations
1242,3332211
(origin based on)RESCITCITcitCITcitCITCITCITCITCITCITPRICITCITCIT00citCITCITCITCITcitcitcitcitCITresRES0CIT0CIT
Albiser_E:raw for note number
Tertiary-type B programmesTertiary-type A programmesAdvanced research programmesTotal tertiary programmes
(1)(2)(3)(4)
OECD countries
Australia16.090.03.9100
Austria1,2,3m90.39.7100
Belgium126.166.77.2100
Canada1,429.564.75.8100
Denmark19.087.53.6100
Finland3,5m85.514.5100
Hungary10.295.24.6100
Irelandmmmm
Japan124.375.7x(2)100
Koreammmm
Luxembourgmmmm
Mexicommmm
Netherlands5,6a100.0m100
Norway11.194.64.3100
Spain1,3m71.828.2100
Sweden11.992.25.9100
Switzerland3,5m73.027.0100
United Kingdom19.678.911.5100
United Statesmmmm
Czech Republic72.786.311.0100
France711.274.414.5100
Germany6,75.594.5m100
Greece728.771.3n100
Iceland72.096.51.4100
Italy74.092.73.3100
New Zealand724.373.32.4100
Poland6,70.199.9m100
Portugal71.090.68.4100
Slovak Republic70.492.76.9100
Turkey78.092.0x(2)100
Partner countries
Brazilmmmm
Chilemmmm
Israelmmmm
Russian Federation6,78.891.2m100
AgricultureEducationEngineering, manufacturing and constructionHealth and welfareHumanities and artsSciencesServicesSocial sciences, business and lawNot known or unspecifiedTotal all fields of education
OECD countries
Australia10.73.112.16.38.220.21.547.9n100
Austria1,2,31.65.412.08.524.510.31.136.50.2100
Belgium111.34.47.339.68.59.24.015.10.6100
Canada1,3,41.12.212.55.69.614.31.227.326.1100
Denmark11.84.712.921.118.99.10.830.7n100
Finland3,52.32.730.812.017.69.23.022.4n100
Francemmmmmmmmmm
Germany3,5,61.54.618.85.823.817.31.327.00.2100
Greecemmmmmmmmmm
Hungary111.86.814.024.113.67.52.220.0n100
Irelandmmmmmmmmmm
Japan12.42.713.12.826.01.32.233.116.3100
Koreammmmmmmmmm
Luxembourgmmmmmmmmmm
Mexicommmmmmmmmm
Netherlands5,61.87.25.814.113.06.73.148.2n100
Norway11.45.24.19.817.120.53.133.65.1100
Spain1,31.92.58.111.411.96.81.627.628.2100
Sweden11.14.817.99.117.612.41.834.80.5100
Switzerland3,51.13.716.05.919.117.02.532.91.8100
United Kingdom10.84.315.28.514.414.71.039.81.3100
United States10.33.015.65.711.019.41.931.012.0100
Czech Republic72.34.114.321.911.211.21.533.6n100
Iceland71.68.24.95.553.011.51.813.5n100
Italy71.81.914.424.718.56.31.430.30.8100
New Zealand70.64.76.56.55.213.61.752.88.5100
Poland6,70.78.56.921.121.22.12.637.0n100
Portugal71.66.119.48.07.89.95.541.6n100
Slovak Republic710.36.013.326.013.56.75.918.2n100
Turkey72.57.915.014.36.58.64.440.7n100
Number of foreign studentsIndex of change (2004)
200420032002200120002003=1002002=1002000=100
Foreign students enrolled worldwide2,651,1442,458,2122,230,1651,946,3781,875,567108119141
Foreign students enrolled in OECD countries2,257,7522,073,9941,899,7671,656,4781,604,123109119141
Proportion of international graduates in total graduate output
Tertiary-type A programmesAdvanced research programmes
First degreesSecond degrees
(1)(2)(5)
OECD countries
AUS[=21.7][=38.9][=16.6]
AUT[=09.4][=17.8][=17.6]
CAN[=10.9][=18.1][=27.3]
DEN[=04.5][=05.5][=07.4]
FIN[=02.9]m[=08.1]
GER[=05.8]a[=04.9]
NZE[=12.9][=18.9][=13.2]
NOR[=00.9][=02.1][=03.0]
SWE[=02.8][=03.7][=04.4]
SWI[=09.7][=18.5][=41.1]
UK[=11.5][=33.3][=36.8]
BEL[=14.2]m[=23.7]
FRA[=06.9][=17.4][=23.5]
ITA[=01.3][=02.3][=02.5]
USA[=03.2][=12.0][=26.4]
ChinaIndiaAfricaAsiaEuropeN AmOceaniaS AmUnknownAllMs04Ms00
AUS28309157425548828491053965596374190791281669556.35.6
AUT732805823903275294022638667337071.31.6
BEL156617011390240226801320461126483443041.72.1
CAN1841643261466230915216058359861868749851329825.06.1
DEN113916969012788230340542954967171620.60.7
FIN13081328948094258263341605779150.30.3
FRA11514494110841244925158239542719427250122375879.07.3
GER25284423723698649171284554172414742417132603149.810.0
ITA2762733620382428539476483285300406411.51.3
JAP7613028090434784258315085421157151179034.43.6
KOR64621511063065336442611541107780.40.2
NET1957116219128341233237352138321212590.80.7
NOR468145106212086092365323112709123920.50.5
NZE242151698226629525022349388724627486689042.60.4
SPA3908562191189130958305519871n417341.61.4
SWE1141550954272020254144132510268047364581.41.4
SWI7412812533220727294635791418517357051.31.4
UK477381462526696784341029201762821758639120130005611.311.9
USA8794379736381501892027311127705453469603252557250921.625.3
OECD337173123832262720565641610542824512001613940093919225775285.285.5
NOECD4415757957544915425472948553580034159n39339214.814.5
ALL3813301296273381697198956834908798620816173559939192651144100100
16.6454968006
13.3510067673
12.7243591379
11.289524656
8.8450016855
6.742957279
6
4.8130645054
4.551190531
4.0158464514
3.4492877341
3.387532809
2.7725337951
2.6547746257
1.6596132713
0.818032255
Countries are ranked in descending order of the percentage of international students in tertiary education.Source: OECD. Table C3.1. See Annex 3 for notes (www.oecd.org/edu/eag2006).
%
This chart shows the percentage of international students in tertiary enrolments. According to country-specific immigration legislations and data availability constraints, student mobility is either defined on the basis of students' country of residence or the country where students received their prior education. Note that the data presented in this chart are not comparable with data on foreign students in tertiary education presented in previous editions of Education at a Glance or elsewhere in this chapter.
International students as a percentage of tertiary enrolments
Chart C3.1. Student mobility in tertiary education (2004)
6.1589375373
1.0072687353
1.6198834806
1.3864074171
1.3621480864
1.3291447333
1.3596954947
2.0686544389
0.826096855
0.4377342958
2.1972022327
3.5512994204
6.1123382956
5.6390414205
7.3089897615
9.972077777
11.8863255751
25.3346854578
10.442068985
25.334685457821.5947907771
11.886325575111.3179819731
9.9720777779.8189309973
7.30898976158.9616784301
5.63904142056.2974700733
6.11233829565.0160232715
3.55129942044.4472499419
2.19720223272.8586149979
0.43773429582.5990289475
0.8260968551.8851861687
2.06865443891.671127634
1.35969549471.5741883504
1.32914473331.5329608652
1.36214808641.3751799223
1.38640741711.3467770894
1.61988348061.2714133974
1.00726873531.1469388309
0.74708074940.8018802449
0.68624581260.6473431847
0.59592645850.6093595821
0.9412620290.5770339144
0.30380146380.5628890773
0.4593277660.5416906815
0.52805364990.4870727505
0.39524047930.4789630439
0.46380641160.4674208568
0.179838950.4065414779
0.32662122970.3062074335
0.29697686090.2985503617
0.37258066490.2918739985
0.18538393990.196405778
0.12956082080.0713654181
0.083708020.0618600876
0.06717968490.0469985787
0.02148683570.0184448676
9.81692469538.4125569943
Source: OECD and UNESCO Institute for Statistics for most data on non-OECD countries. Table C3.8. See Annex 3 for notes (www.oecd.org/edu/eag2006).
Other OECD
Malaysia
Austria
Switzerland
Sweden
Italy
Spain
Belgium
South Africa
New Zealand
Russian Federation
Japan
Canada
Australia
France
Germany
United Kingdom
United States
Other non-OECD
6.3400554628
1.1469388309
1.2714133974
1.3467770894
1.3751799223
1.5329608652
1.5741883504
1.671127634
1.8851861687
2.5990289475
2.8586149979
4.4472499419
5.0160232715
6.2974700733
8.9616784301
9.8189309973
11.3179819731
21.5947907771
8.9478353496
2000
2004
Chart C3.2. Distribution of foreign students by country of destination (2000, 2004)Percentage of foreign tertiary students reported to the OECD who are enrolled in each country of destination.
1.25
2.5
1
1
1875567
2651144
Countries are ranked in descending order of the 2004 market shares. Source: OECD. Table C3.8. See Annex 3 for notes (www.oecd.org/edu/eag2006).
Countries are ranked in descending order of 2004 market shares.Source: OECD and UNESCO Institute for Statistics for most data on non-OECD countries. Table C3.8. See Annex 3 for notes (www.oecd.org/edu/eag2006).
2000
2004
Market shares (%)
Chart C3.3. Trends in international education market shares (2000, 2004)Percentage of all foreign tertiary students enrolled by destination.
9.64523281621.06430155218.4873121458060.8031534861
17.99591002045.52147239268.1799591002068.3026584867
20.6649831656.52356902364.72976895398.494427028959.5872518286
22.420708151924.69181368571.90448069680.809527324650.173470141
26.147208785514.30906000787.9356778664051.6080533403
27.802720632621.87227769224.054144609046.2708570663
30.304878048826.03658536595.9756097561037.6829268293
30.92541008988.04704425876.1219436707054.9056019808
14.364915500514.08197598847.2073105452064.341974459
16.763005780311.42116802872.498172878928.15095342541.1666998871
16.84761281882.78613472862.702980472816.304774362361.3584976175
23.841327666521.13944545644.6549281522050.364298725
23.87106357698.45216874635.36244800950.170825906162.1434937611
26.09185686119.77740208515.24091293325.128205128253.7616229924
27.813130529339.59335713184.3561487920.636349526627.6010140204
28.00608438895.64851149772.188334845926.064448506438.0926207611
30.69679546488.53585014134.27997853731.349303663355.1380579958
31.38004984649.12305106364.83973801660.475279661554.1818814119
33.03604585696.29035542723.0846820082057.5889167076
33.284920973924.1008116196.8432293891035.7710380179
34.18361208045.93590823413.65780291181.768740223854.45393655
35.31607297855.72604137453.032304087312.041317075643.8842644841
37.51013522025.75781230334.55165814720.154105708552.0262886209
42.362722351112.04563031712.6778808971042.9137664346
1. Distribution of foreign students by field of education. These data are not comparable with data on international students and are therefore presented separately.Countries are ranked in descending order of the proportion of international and foreign students enrolled in sciences, agriculture, engineering, manufacturing and construction.Source: OECD. Table C3.5. See Annex 3 for notes (www.oecd.org/edu/eag2006).
International students
Foreign students
Science, agriculture, engineering, manufacturing and construction
Health and welfare
Education
Unknown
Humanities, arts, services, social sciences, business and law
%
Chart C3.4. Distribution of international and foreign students by field of education (2004)Percentage of international and foreign tertiary students enrolled in different fields of education.
21.681069548338.858718590816.5651900063
12.850163438918.941630706313.1621187801
11.47994467533.343123973536.7568984728
10.89835100818.052047875327.3389053653
9.745047954118.477708086141.1
9.409503154617.796610169517.6013098649
5.757141113304.9096724004
4.47184768625.46472564397.3604060914
2.859949480808.0727686185
2.76131812543.70508982044.3557642149
0.92245153222.13916892063.0423280423
14.2023.6646382691
6.888413061517.372441510723.5273159145
3.20333366211.966241991626.3611558973
3.07022461410.69121813036.0470324748
2.72897421960.93424681917.5057736721
2.66544301023.25504738366.0560181681
1.30587283712.2716892712.4563060935
0.91572968590.43088590142.1077283372
0.79145715291.4240187182.1268656716
1. Proportion of foreign graduates in tertiary graduate output. These data are not comparable with data on international graduates and are therefore presented separately.Countries are ranked in descending order of the proportion of international and foreign graduates in tertiary-type A first degree programmes.Source: OECD. Table C3.7. See Annex 3 for notes (www.oecd.org/edu/eag2006).
International graduates
Foreign graduates
Tertiary-type A programmes, first degrees
Tertiary-type A programmes, second degrees
Advanced research programmes
%
Chart C3.5. Proportion of international and foreign graduates in tertiary graduate output (2004)Percentage of tertiary qualifications awarded to international and foreign students
610421
848077
923522
1219440
1314414
1875567
2651144
19750.6 M
19800.8 M
19850.9 M
19901.2 M
19951.3 M
20001.9 M
20042.7 M
Chart Box 3.1. Growth in internationalisation of tertiary education (1975-2004)
1082579313600160097032201787412323
Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Norway, Sweden
USD PPPs
1. For non-European Union or non-European Economic Area students.Source: OECD. Table B5.1.
Italy, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland (max. fees), Turkey
France (max. fees), Hungary, Slovak Republic1
United kingdom1 (max. fees, private institutions)
Australia
Canada
Japan, Korea
Austria1
Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden
United States
Chart Box C3.3.Annual average tuition fees charged to international students by public tertiary-type A institutions (2004)
Data for Chart 1
International students as a percentage of tertiary enrolments
Slovakiam
Mexicom
Luxembourgm
Icelandm
New Zealandm
Francem
Czech Republicm
Portugalm
Greecem
Italym
Turkeym
Polandm
Koream
Germanym
Australia16.6
United Kingdom13.4
Switzerland12.7
Austria11.3
Canada8.8
Ireland6.7
Belgium6.0
Netherlands4.8
Denmark4.6
Sweden4.0
Finland3.4
United States3.4
Hungary2.8
Japan2.7
Norway1.7
Spain0.8
res5.03.02.04.05.03.02.04.0
pri9.07.06.08.09.07.06.08.0
cit13.011.010.012.0
% of totalTotal from all countries
2004200020042000
Other OECD6.36.2
Malaysia1.11.03040718892
Austria1.31.63370730382
Switzerland1.31.43570526003
Sweden1.41.43645825548
Italy1.51.34064124929
Spain1.61.44173425502
Belgium1.72.14430438799
South Africa1.90.84997915494
New Zealand2.60.4689048210
Russian Federation2.92.27578641210
Japan4.43.611790366607
Canada5.06.1132982114641
Australia6.35.6166955105764
France9.07.3237587137085
Germany9.810.0260314187033
United Kingdom11.311.9300056222936sum top 5 destinations
United States21.625.357250947516958.060.1size of bubbles
Other non-OECD8.910.423722019584820002004
1.252.5
Total all reporting destinations1001002,651,1441,875,567% OECD area11
Total OECD destinations2,257,7521,604,12385.285.518755672651144
Total non-OECD393,392271,444
Netherlands0.80.82125914012
Denmark0.60.71716212871
Portugal0.60.61615511177
Turkey0.61.01529817654
Czech Republic0.60.3149235698
Greece0.50.5143618615
Hungary0.50.5129139904
Ireland0.50.4126987413
Norway0.50.5123928699
Korea0.40.2107783373
Poland0.30.381186126
Finland0.30.379155570
Mexico0.10.118922430
Slovakia0.10.116401570
Iceland0.00.0580403
Tremblay_K:UIS-imputed data
Tremblay_K:UIS-imputed data
Total from all countriesMarket shares
2004200020002004difference
United States572509475169United States25.321.6-3.7
United Kingdom300056222936United Kingdom11.911.3-0.6
Germany260314187033Germany10.09.8-0.2
France237587137085France7.39.01.7
Australia166955105764Australia5.66.30.7
Canada132982114641Canada6.15.0-1.1
Japan11790366607Japan3.64.40.9
Russian Federation7578641210Russian Federation2.22.90.7
New Zealand689048210New Zealand0.42.62.2
South Africa4997915494South Africa0.81.91.1
Belgium4430438799Belgium2.11.7-0.4
Spain4173425502Spain1.41.60.2
Italy4064124929Italy1.31.50.2
Sweden3645825548Sweden1.41.40.0
Switzerland3570526003Switzerland1.41.3-0.0
Austria3370730382Austria1.61.3-0.3
Malaysia3040718892Malaysia1.01.10.1
Netherlands2125914012Netherlands0.70.80.1
Denmark1716212871Denmark0.70.6-0.0
Portugal1615511177Portugal0.60.60.0
Turkey1529817654Turkey0.90.6-0.4
Czech Republic149235698Czech Republic0.30.60.3
Greece143618615Greece0.50.50.1
Hungary129139904Hungary0.50.5-0.0
Ireland126987413Ireland0.40.50.1
Norway123928699Norway0.50.50.0
Korea107783373Korea0.20.40.2
Poland81186126Poland0.30.3-0.0
Finland79155570Finland0.30.30.0
India77386988India0.40.3-0.1
Chile52073477Chile0.20.20.0
Mexico18922430Mexico0.10.1-0.1
Slovakia16401570Slovak Republic0.10.1-0.0
Brazil12461260Brazil0.10.0-0.0
Iceland489403Iceland0.00.0-0.0
Other non-OECD223,029184123Other non-OECD countries9.88.4-1.4
Total all reporting destinations2,651,1441,875,567
Total OECD destinations2,257,7521,604,123
Total non-OECD393,392271,444
Tremblay_K:UIS-imputed data
Tremblay_K:UIS-imputed data
Sciences, agriculture, engineering, manufacturing and constructionHealth and welfareEducationUnknownHumanities, arts, services, social sciences, business and lawNote for chart
France0.0mmm0.0
Greece0.0mmm0.0
Iceland18.05.58.2n68.3
Ireland0.0mmm0.0
Korea0.0mmm0.0
Luxembourg0.0mmm0.0
Mexico0.0mmm0.0
Poland19.621.18.5n60.81
Iceland118.05.58.2n68.31
New Zealand120.76.54.78.559.61
Italy122.424.71.90.850.21
Turkey126.114.37.9n51.61
Czech Republic127.821.94.1n46.31
Slovak Republic130.326.06.0n37.71
Portugal130.98.06.1n54.91
Netherlands14.414.17.2n64.3
Spain16.811.42.528.241.2
Japan16.82.82.716.361.4
Denmark23.821.14.7n50.4
Austria23.98.55.40.262.1
Norway26.19.85.25.153.8
Belgium27.839.64.40.627.6
Canada28.05.62.226.138.1
United Kingdom30.78.54.31.355.1
Sweden31.49.14.80.554.2
Australia33.06.33.1n57.6
Hungary33.324.16.8n35.8
Switzerland34.25.93.71.854.5
United States35.35.73.012.043.9
Germany37.55.84.60.252.0
Finland42.412.02.7n42.9
Tertiary-type A programmes, first degreesTertiary-type A programmes, second degreesAdvanced research programmes
Greecemmm
Icelandmmm
Irelandmmm
Japanmmm
Koreammm
Luxembourgmmm
Mexicommm
Netherlandsmmm
Polandmmm
Spainmmm
Australia21.738.916.6
New Zealand12.918.913.2
United Kingdom11.533.336.8
Canada10.918.127.3
Switzerland9.718.541.1
Austria9.417.817.6
Germany5.8a4.9
Denmark4.55.57.4
Finland2.9m8.1
Sweden2.83.74.4
Norway0.92.13.0
Belgium114.2m23.7
France16.917.423.5
United States13.212.026.4
Hungary13.10.76.0
Czech Republic12.70.97.5
Portugal12.73.36.1
Italy11.32.32.5
Slovak Republic10.90.42.1
Turkey10.81.42.1
UIS Global data - long term trendsindex change from period to period
1975-2.71610,4210.6
19801.71848,0770.8139
19856.51923,5220.9109
199011.611,219,4401.2132
199517.211,314,4141.3108
200023.411,875,5671.9143
200430.712,651,1442.7141
Annual average tuition fees charged by institutions (for full-time students)
United Kingdom (max. fees, private institutions)117874
United States112323
Australia110,825
Canada17,931
Japan, Korea13,685
Austria111,600
Italy, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland (max. fees), Turkey1930
France (max. fees), Hungary, Slovak Republic11332
Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden10
United Kingdom (max)17874
United States12323
Australia10825
Canada7931
Japan37473685
Korea3623
Austria1600
Switzerland (max)1132929.6
Italy983
Portugal868
Turkey864
Spain801
France (max)462331.7
Hungary351
Slovak Republic182
Czech0
Denmark0
Finland0
Iceland0
Norway0
Sweden0
-
Asian mobility relative to GDP
Chart1
38.4371714813
21.9038905875
8.1092800513
5.6128264726
4.3347204712
