High School Cosmic Ray Projects in Europe Gregory Snow / University of Nebraska To replace Dr. Bob...
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Transcript of High School Cosmic Ray Projects in Europe Gregory Snow / University of Nebraska To replace Dr. Bob...
High School Cosmic Ray Projectsin Europe
Gregory Snow / University of Nebraska
To replaceDr. Bob Van Eijk / NIKHEF, Amsterdam
1.HiSPARC in the Netherlands
2.Report on 2nd CRSP meeting(Cosmic Ray School Projects)
Lisbon, Portugal, September 9, 2006
European High School Cosmic Ray Sites
• Reporting at the Lisbon meeting:• Portugal• The Netherlands• Belgium• Greece• Italy• Denmark• Poland• Russia• Sweden
Group photo from first CRSP meeting
NIKHEF, Amsterdam, 7-8 March 2005
One slide summary of the situation in Europe
• There are a few mature and several emerging like-minded efforts• Teams of high school teachers and students work with university physics groups to study extensive air showers using school-based detectors• Projects embrace both educational and scientific goals• All projects employ plastic scintillators placed on high school rooftops, except EEE in Italy which will employ Multi-Gap Resistive Plate Chambers• GPS receivers give local time stamp for cosmic ray events recorded locally, internet allows teams to share data and search for building-sized or city-sized showers and long-distance correlations • Most efforts are/have developed readout electronics, data acquisition software and analysis techniques independently, relying on local expertise• Full fledged start-up or expansion limited by funding and manpower• Desire for a more global, unified approach to eliminate duplication of effort and to standardize/share detectors, procedures, data format, curriculum materials, …
www.hisparc.nl
At present: 5 clusters in NL, with national project manager Groningen, Utrecht, Nijmegen, Leiden, Amsterdam (each with their own leader)
Sites in The Netherlands
At present: About 42 detector stations operational or pending
Sites in The Netherlands
GPSantennas
Present price per school:6500 Euros(20% cost is scintillator)
Sites in The Netherlands
Car top ski racks!
Status HiSPARC
Amsterdam: 20 detectors
Groningen: : 4 detectors
Leiden: 7 detectors
Nijmegen: 9 detectors
Utrecht: : 2 detectors
Difficult to keep Difficult to keep detectors online.detectors online.
Annual Symposium
April 2006
5mPORTUGAL
Sites in Portugal
9
150 Km5 High
schools in
Lisbon
3 High schools
in Lisbon metropol
[3-30]Km
2 High schools in Beja
PORTUGAL
Sites in Portugal
• Beja
Belgium
The HELYCON Detector Module
Greece
The EEE project (Extreme Energy Events)
The physics and the detector
F.Riggi, for the EEE Collaboration
Department of Physics and Astronomy and INFN, Catania
Lisboa, September 9, 2006
Carbon layerMylar
glass
glass
glass
glass
glass
glass
Mylar
Carbon layer
Pick-up electrode
Gas gaps ~ 300 m
Pick-up electrode
Anode 0 V
Cathode -10 kV
(-2 kV)
(-4 kV)
(-6 kV)
(-8 kV)
Multi-gap Resistive Plate ChambersThe basic working principles
Developed by the ALICE TOF group, to achieve excellent time resolution (40 ps) and efficiency
Each MRPC is a stack of resistive plates, transparent to the avalanches generated inside the gas gaps.
The induced signal on ext.electrodes is the sum over all the gaps
1013 eV 1014 eV 1015 eV 1016 eV
COSMOS Simulations of proton-induced air showers in Catania metropolitan area
Physics topics to investigate
• Correlation between telescopes not too far away (i.e. in the same town) may allow the detection of extended showers initiated by high energy primaries.
km
kmMC simulation (made with the COSMOS generator) of an Extensive Air Shower induced by a 1017 eV proton.
At the ground level 1 million muons (red dots) arrive, over an area with radius at least 2 km.
Lisbon, 9 September 2006
Toward a European
OrganisationJan-Willem van Holten & Bob van Eijk
International organization: Why?
• Provide platform to share experiences
• To optimise information exchange between the various participants:
– Specific scientific knowledge
– Instruction material for high-school teachers
– Instruction material for high-school students
• Make efficient use of limited manpower
• Scientific co-operation
Advisory BoardAdvisory Board
Organisation…
Steering GroupSteering Group
Physics GroupPhysics Group
Detectors GroupDetectors Group
ELO GroupELO Group
Curriculum GroupCurriculum Group
DocumentationDocumentation
& Web Group& Web Group
DatabaseDatabase
& DAQ Group& DAQ GroupPR, Editorial &PR, Editorial &
Speaker BoardSpeaker Board
Aiming toward a worldwide networkof cosmic ray detectors