High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of...
-
Upload
brian-christie -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
4
Transcript of High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of...
![Page 1: High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation High-level low-cost sanitation services.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5515240b5503465e608b5474/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
High-Level Policy Dialogue on “EU Sanitation Policies and Practices High-Level Policy Dialogue on “EU Sanitation Policies and Practices
in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation”in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation”
High-level low-cost High-level low-cost sanitation services in small sanitation services in small
towns and large villagestowns and large villages
Duncan MaraDuncan MaraUniversity of Leeds, UKUniversity of Leeds, UK
![Page 2: High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation High-level low-cost sanitation services.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5515240b5503465e608b5474/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Options:The Options:• On-site sanitation (e.g., pour-flush toilets + On-site sanitation (e.g., pour-flush toilets +
leach pits)leach pits)
• Low-volume flush toilets + Low-volume flush toilets + simplified sewerage + low-cost simplified sewerage + low-cost wastewater treatment (e.g., waste wastewater treatment (e.g., waste stabilization ponds)stabilization ponds)
![Page 3: High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation High-level low-cost sanitation services.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5515240b5503465e608b5474/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Low-volume flush toiletLow-volume flush toilet
For example, For example, Swedish models Swedish models that use that use 3 litres3 litres per flush: per flush:
![Page 4: High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation High-level low-cost sanitation services.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5515240b5503465e608b5474/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation High-level low-cost sanitation services.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5515240b5503465e608b5474/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Simplified sewerageRigorous hydraulic design based on:
• a minimum sewer diameter of 100 mm
• a minimum tractive tension of 1 N/m2
• a minimum value for peak wastewater flow of 1.5 litre/second
This results in a minimum gradient of 1 This results in a minimum gradient of 1 in 200, and a 100 mm dia. sewer being in 200, and a 100 mm dia. sewer being able to serve 234 households of 5 people able to serve 234 households of 5 people with a water consumption of 100 litres/ with a water consumption of 100 litres/ person day.person day.
![Page 6: High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation High-level low-cost sanitation services.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5515240b5503465e608b5474/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Comparative costs (1997 US$) of conventional and condominial sewerage
in Parauapebas, Pará, north Brazil
ItemConventional sewerage Condominial sewerage
Totalcost
Cost per connection
Totalcost
Cost per connection
Excavation 263,000 39 186,000 28
Inspection chambers
181,000 27 85,000 13
Sewers 185,000 28 102,000 15
Total 629,000 9494 373,000 5656
Source: Melo (2005).
![Page 7: High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation High-level low-cost sanitation services.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5515240b5503465e608b5474/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Brasília
Simplified sewerage in rich areasas well as in poor areas
![Page 8: High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation High-level low-cost sanitation services.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5515240b5503465e608b5474/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
CAESB, the water & sewerage company for Brasília and the Federal District, basically asked itself:
If condominial sewerage works well in poor areas, shouldn’t it also work well in non-poor areas? Answer: Yes.Answer: Yes.
The next question is:
As condominial sewerage works well in both As condominial sewerage works well in both poor and non-poor areas, should we ever use poor and non-poor areas, should we ever use conventional sewerage in urban housing conventional sewerage in urban housing areas?areas? Answer: Answer: NO.NO.
![Page 9: High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation High-level low-cost sanitation services.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5515240b5503465e608b5474/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Waste stabilization pondsWaste stabilization ponds
• Widely used in France (>2500 systems) Widely used in France (>2500 systems) and Germany (>3000)and Germany (>3000)
• FranceFrance: Facultative pond (6 m: Facultative pond (6 m22/p.e) + two /p.e) + two maturation ponds (each 2.5 mmaturation ponds (each 2.5 m22/p.e)/p.e)
• Research in UKResearch in UK: Facultative pond (as in : Facultative pond (as in France) + aerated rock filter (1 mFrance) + aerated rock filter (1 m22/p.e) − /p.e) − produces a very high quality effluentproduces a very high quality effluent
![Page 10: High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation High-level low-cost sanitation services.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5515240b5503465e608b5474/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Facultative and maturation ponds Facultative and maturation ponds are GREEN because of the are GREEN because of the ALGAEALGAE
that grow in themthat grow in them
![Page 11: High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation High-level low-cost sanitation services.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5515240b5503465e608b5474/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Algal−bacterial mutualism
Algae
Bacteria
O2 CO2
New cells
New cells
LighLightt
Wastewater BOD
![Page 12: High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation High-level low-cost sanitation services.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5515240b5503465e608b5474/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Québec
Too cold for WSP in Europe? No!No!
![Page 13: High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation High-level low-cost sanitation services.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5515240b5503465e608b5474/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Chappelle Thouaroult, Brittany, France
![Page 14: High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation High-level low-cost sanitation services.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5515240b5503465e608b5474/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Capital and O&M costs of various wastewater
treatment processes for 1000 p.e. in France in 1998
Treatment Capital costs O&M costs process (€ p.e.–1) (€ p.e.–1 a–1)
Activated sludge 230 11.50 Trickling filter 180 7.00 RBC 220 7.00 Aerated lagoon 130 6.50 Settler-digester + CW 190 5.50 WSP 120 4.50
![Page 15: High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation High-level low-cost sanitation services.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5515240b5503465e608b5474/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
1. Anaerobic pond1. Anaerobic pond
Small WSP system in Bavaria
Village of Berg, near Munich (pop. ~250)Village of Berg, near Munich (pop. ~250)Mean temp. of coldest month (Jan.): −2°C
![Page 16: High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation High-level low-cost sanitation services.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5515240b5503465e608b5474/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
2. Secondary facultative pond2. Secondary facultative pond
![Page 17: High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation High-level low-cost sanitation services.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5515240b5503465e608b5474/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Capital and O&M costs of various wastewater
treatment processes for 500 p.e. in Germany in 1996
Treatment Capital costs O&M costs process (DM p.e.–1) (DM m–3)
Activated sludge 2,000 2.00 Trickling filter 1,500 1.70 Aerated lagoon 1,200 1.70 Vertical-flow CW 1,200 1.50 Horizontal-flow CW 1,500 1.30 WSP 700 1.20Average 1996 exchange rate: DM1 = €0.53
![Page 18: High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation High-level low-cost sanitation services.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5515240b5503465e608b5474/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
PERTHSHIRE
SCOTLAND
Loch Achray
Tigh Mor Trossachs WSP
![Page 19: High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation High-level low-cost sanitation services.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5515240b5503465e608b5474/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The effluent from a facultative pond loaded at 80 kg BOD/ha d
complies with the UWWTD
![Page 20: High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation High-level low-cost sanitation services.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5515240b5503465e608b5474/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
(91/271/EEC)
![Page 21: High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation High-level low-cost sanitation services.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5515240b5503465e608b5474/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Rock filter receiving maturation pond effluent – Veneta, Oregon
Fac. pond
Mat. pond
Rock filter
Baffle →
![Page 22: High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation High-level low-cost sanitation services.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5515240b5503465e608b5474/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Suspended solids removal
![Page 23: High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation High-level low-cost sanitation services.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5515240b5503465e608b5474/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Summer Results for
effluent ammonia-N/l:
Aerated RF: <2 mg/l
Unaerated RF: ~7 mg/l
Planted bed: ~4 mg/l
BUT Winter Results for
effluent ammonia-N/l:
Aerated RF: <2 mg/l
Unaerated RF: ~8 mg/l
Planted bed: ~7 mg/l
![Page 24: High-Level Policy Dialogue on EU Sanitation Policies and Practices in the 2008 International Year of Sanitation High-level low-cost sanitation services.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5515240b5503465e608b5474/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Natural vs Conventional Wastewater Treatment
Basically a choice between LAND Basically a choice between LAND and ELECTRICITY:and ELECTRICITY:
• Money spent on land is an Money spent on land is an investmentinvestment
• Money spent on electricity is Money spent on electricity is money gone for evermoney gone for ever