High density orcharding in fruit crops.
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Transcript of High density orcharding in fruit crops.
High density orcharding in fruit crops
High density orcharding is the practice of accommodating higher number of plants of the same species per unit area by planting at a closer spacing than that is planted under traditional system.
Increased sunlight capture per unit area
Land use efficiencyAppropriate vegetative reproductive
balance of the plants.
Low vegetative growthLow productivity per plant
Planting systemCanopy management
Use of dwarfing rootstock/Interstock Training Shoot pruning Root pruning Use of growth regulators
Crop Spacing Planting density plants per ha
Yield (t/ha)
% increase over traditional methods
Mango cv. Amrapali
2.5m x 2.5m
1600 19.2 250%
Citrus (Kinnow)
1.8m x 1.8m
3000 20 200%
Banana 1.4m x 1.4m
4444 145.44 250%
Pineapple
25cm x 35 cm x 90cm
64000 90.0 200%
Guava 1m x 2m 5000 50 250%
Experiences at B P S A C on high density orcharding in fruit crops
Treatment 1997 1999 2001 20037.5 m x 7.5 m 2.54 7.13 29.05 47.17.5 m x 5.0 m 1.73 9.6 22.24 45.645.0 m x 5.0 m 1.88 25.58 38.26 50.972.5 m x 7.5 m 1.91 16.75 24.87 32.532.5 m x 5.0 m 1.98 26.12 34.22 56.662.5 m x 2.5 m 1.51 20.94 28.2 31.95S.E.m 0.23 0.59 1.53 4.83C.D. at 5% 0.64 1.77 4.61 14.52
Treatments LAI7.5 m x 7.5 m 2.147.5 m x 5.0 m 2.125.0 m x 5.0 m 2.242.5 m x 7.5 m 2.592.5 m x 5.0 m 2.462.5 m x 2.5 m 3.38S.E.m 0.16C.D. at 5% 0.47
Treatment 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Cumulative yield
7.5 m x 7.5 m 0.82 4.92 1.25 14.55 2.32 23.82 4.00 28.12 4.35 33.57 115.82
7.5 m x 5.0 m 1.07 4.66 1.06 9.42 1.95 22.25 3.52 27.12 3.95 31.77 102.02
5.0 m x 5.0 m 1.47 3.26 0.82 11.2 2.05 24.92 3.09 28.00 3.75 32.72 107.73
2.5 m x 7.5 m 1.06 4.01 1.03 9.25 1.93 17.62 2.95 19.25 3.00 21.17 104.39
2.5 m x 5.0 m 0.94 3.89 0.95 10.92 1.57 12.75 2.60 14.45 1.95 15.67 78.88
2.5 m x 2.5 m 0.96 3.27 0.73 6.81 0.98 7.90 1.58 8.60 1.00 7.62 45.53
Treatment 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Cumulative yield (q/ha)
7.5 m x 7.5 m 1.47 8.77 2.23 25.90 4.13 42.42 7.12 50.05 7.74 59.80 206.17
7.5 m x 5.0 m 2.85 12.43 2.83 25.15 5.21 59.40 9.40 72.45 10.55 84.82 272.40
5.0 m x 5.0 m 5.87 13.04 3.28 37.00 8.20 99.70 12.36 112.00 15.00 130.90 430.92
2.5 m x 7.5 m 5.65 21.41 5.50 59.81 10.31 93.95 15.75 102.60 16.02 112.85 557.46
2.5 m x 5.0 m 7.51 31.16 7.60 87.38 12.56 102.00 20.80 115.60 15.60 125.40 639.01
2.5 m x 2.5 m 15.32 52.36 11.68 108.96 15.68 126.40 25.28 137.10 16.0 122.00 728.48
Severe pruning in alternate rows every three years
Possible strategy Planting at a spacing of 5 m x 5 m Shoot pruning in alternate years when
fruiting is not expected
No pruning Pruning to 60% of canopy
Pruning to 80% of canopy
Month 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12January 27.0 0 12.0
February 0.0 12.0 20.0
March 16.0 0 0.0
April 0.0 18.0 38.5
May 86.0 49.0 138.1
June 60.0 101.0 606.5
July 368.0 226.0 251.2
August 210.0 152.0 423.5
September 319.0 183.0 305.8
October 95.0 58.0 198.0
November 24.0 13.0 0.0
December 34.0 23.0 0.0
Total 1239.0 835.0 1993.6
For production of 1 kg of guava cv Sardar, the total water requirement is 68.02 litre
Benefit cost ratio of Ultra High Density guava orcharding for a period of 5 years is 3.1 as compared to 2.9 traditional system orcharding.
Net profit per year, fifth year onwards under Ultra High Density orcharding is Rs.3.39 lakh/ha compared to Rs.1.68 lakh/ha in traditional system
Keeping in view yield and gross income, pruning of guava plants thrice a year viz. March, May and October to 50% of shoot length can be recommended for maximization of income from Ultra-high density guava orchard growing under Bihar conditions.
Application of 60% of recommended dose of fertilizer and irrigation at 60% PE was found to be most suitable
UHDO at Chakradharpur
Place Area (acre)
Deoghar 8Chakrdharpur 6Hazaribag 2Ranchi 2Saraikela 1
Research papers – 3 No.Presentation in symposiums: 6 No
High density orcharding in Peach Kaghji Kalan Pomegranate Ber Kinnow Litchi
Fine-tuning canopy management strategies
Standardization of nutrient and water management strategies