HI-112-10 Ch26
Transcript of HI-112-10 Ch26
U S H I S T O R Y I I
F A L L 2 0 1 4
W O R C E S T E R S T A T E U N I V E R S I T Y
Chapter 26The New Deal, 1933-1941
Herbert Hoover (R) Al Smith (D)
Election of 1928 – Still Good Times
Hitting Bottom: not until early 1933
Depression: swelling the relief rolls
Dust Bowl
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Dust-storm-Texas-1935.png http://www-tc.pbs.org/kenburns/dustbowl/media/photos/s4383-lg.jpg
75% stayed25%, esp tenant farmers, leftMany went West as “Okies”
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (D)
Herbert Hoover (R)
Election of 1932
FDR’s confident (but experimental) approach to solving the Depression crisis:
• Involve smart, young thinkers & planners (“Brain Trust”)• Try Keynesian solutions to regulate the economy & major industries• Restore trust in the American system of capitalism• First extend temporary relief, then build a permanent “welfare state” to prevent future distress for society’s most vulnerable
“Nothing to Fear But Fear Itself” – Launching a New Deal
Emergency Banking Act, 1933
Later that year: FDIC = Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Securities & Exchange Commission
END OF PROHIBITION
1) Beer-Wine Revenue Act2) 21st Amendment
First Hundred Days: Step 1 – Banking/Economy
AAA = Agricultural Adjustment Act, 1933(produce less higher prices)Landowners benefited (renters didn’t)
Also Farm Mortgage Act, 1933
First Hundred Days: Step 2 – Rescue Rural America
TVA = Tennessee Valley Authority, 1933
Rural regional development
NRA = National Recovery Administration, 1933
First Hundred Days: Step 3 – Industrial Recovery / Direct Relief & Jobs
Civil Works AdministrationPublic Works AdministrationCivilian Conservative Corps
Ambitious Construction Projects
Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States, 1935
United States v. Butler, 1936
SUPREME COURT, 1932-1937
NRA
AAA
Critics of the New Deal: Supreme Court
Huey Long, aka “The Kingfish”
Political boss of Louisiana “Share Our Wealth”
Father Charles Coughlin
(Radio pundit)
Critics of the New Deal: Political MobilizersDr. Francis Townsend
(elderly pension plan)
Celebration of “common man” & “little guy” as seen in epic mural art of the era
First New Deal 1933-1935 Second New Deal 1935-1939
Economic recovery
Quick stabilization
Experimentation
Business, banking and employment
Temporary props to capitalism
Economic security
Social safety net for industrial workers
Redistributing income to restore purchasing power
Permanent welfare state
Redefined $ inequality as the enemy of American freedom
Let’s Make a Deal
Franklin Roosevelt Al Landon
Election of 1936
“Court-Packing Plan”
What’s So New about the New Deal?
The economic theory (Keynes = deficit spending)
The vision
The political coalition
The beneficiaries
The economic regulation
The shift in who’s responsible for citizens’ well-being
The creation of a welfare state we still live under (for better or worse, depending on your politics)
But: the New Deal didn’t end the Depression
ItalyBenito Mussolini
GermanyAdolf Hitler
American Isolationism During 1930s Rise of Fascism & Militaristic Nationalism
Japan Hideki Tojo
SpainFrancisco Franco
Expansion of Nazi Germany, 1930s
KristallnachtNovember 1938
Freedom from Want
Freedom from FearRoosevelt’s “Four Freedoms”
Freedom of SpeechFreedom of Worship
Roosevelt’s “Four Freedoms”
Election of 1940
Franklin Roosevelt
Wendell Wilkie
The Undeclared War, 1940-1941
Pearl Harbor, HawaiiDecember 7, 1941