HEY! Get out your objectives #4-12 for a stamp! Update your food journal for a stamp! Read the...
-
Upload
randolf-wright -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of HEY! Get out your objectives #4-12 for a stamp! Update your food journal for a stamp! Read the...
HEY! Get out your objectives #4-12 for a
stamp!Update your food journal
for a stamp!Read the board!
Monoculture
Polyculture
Polyculture
Benefits:Easy to manageProvides uniformityCan be grown by few
people as long as they have large machines
Lack of diversity = potential loss of crop to disease/pest
Need for pesticidesNeed for inorganic
fertilizer because crop takes particular nutrient from soil
Loss of biodiversity from field edges/cover crops
What are the tradeoffs of monoculture?
Genetic resistance and the pesticide treadmill
Benefits:Easy to manageProvides uniformityCan be grown by few
people as long as they have large machines
Lack of diversity = potential loss of crop to disease/pest
Need for pesticidesNeed for inorganic
fertilizer because crop takes particular nutrient from soil
Loss of biodiversity from field edges/cover crops
What are the tradeoffs of monoculture?
Pests and diseases generally are plant-specific.
• Examples – • Boll weevil attacks
cotton plants• Rust fungus attacks
corn• Yellow rust fungus
attacks wheat
Each crop needs some of the same nutrients . . .
• Nitrogen• Phosphorus• Potassium• Trace elements
• But each crop takes the same nutrients out of the soil each time it’s grown.
• Example: corn uses a LOT of nitrogen
So why do monocultures require lots of fertilizer?
What IS fertilizer?
• Synthetic/Inorganic fertilizer:
• Made from natural gas (a fossil fuel)
• Examples:– Miracle Gro– Ammonium nitrate– Scott’s turf builder
• Organic fertilizer• Created from an
ecological process or organism
• Examples:– Fish emulsion– Blood meal– Bone meal– compost
Fertilizer nutrients – what do those numbers mean?
• Nitrogen• Phosphorus • Potassium
Nitrogen cycle – Why is nitrogen so important?
• Present in all proteins (structural and enzymatic) and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
• Nitrogen atoms cycle through the environment just like water molecules!
Remember the water cycle?
Legumes are the stars!
These are legumes, too!
Rhizobium bacteria in nodules on legume roots start the cycle
The nitrogen cycle!
Let’s sum up!
• Answer Objectives #13-16 right now!
Houston, we have a problem (and it’s linked to fertilizers!)
Eutrophication
Page 137
Eutrophication Obj #17
• Each pair/tri needs a white board, 2 markers, and an eraser – send a runner now!
• Re-read the paragraph on artificial eutrophication.
• List the steps of eutrophication on obj #17.• Compare your list with your neighbors• Use your notes to draw a cartoon of the
process on the white boards.
Plant nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) cause eutrophication
Other sources of plant nutrients
• Untreated sewage • Manure from livestock• Pet wastes
Hypoxic zones “Dead zones” – form in the summer Gulf of Mexico
So what can YOU do?
Eutrophication
• Which pollutants are involved?• What are the sources of these pollutants?• Are these sources point or nonpoint sources?• What are the effects of eutrophication?• Why does the dead zone form in the Gulf near
New Orleans?• Why does the dead zone form in the summer?• Why should we be worried about the dead zone?