H.evolution honors final
-
Upload
kelley-nelson -
Category
Technology
-
view
787 -
download
0
Transcript of H.evolution honors final
![Page 1: H.evolution honors final](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5584c994d8b42af8138b4b68/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Human Evolution
Mrs. Nelson
![Page 2: H.evolution honors final](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5584c994d8b42af8138b4b68/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Background Information…
What does evolution mean?
- “change”
Who was Charles Darwin?
-evolution and natural selection
What did Charles Darwin say about human evolution?
-Humans and apes shared a common ancestor
-Problem was he had no evidence to support this idea
![Page 3: H.evolution honors final](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5584c994d8b42af8138b4b68/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Classification of Humans
KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES
Animal
Chordate
Mammal
Primate
Hominid
Homo
sapien
![Page 4: H.evolution honors final](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5584c994d8b42af8138b4b68/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What makes us animals?
Eukaryotic
No cell walls (cell membranes)
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
![Page 5: H.evolution honors final](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5584c994d8b42af8138b4b68/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What makes us chordates?
All chordates are animals with…1. Flexible “rod”called notochord along back
below nerve cord (replaced by backbone in vertebrates)
2. Dorsal, hallow nerve cord
3. Pharyngeal slits (primitive gill slits)
4. Tail at some point in life.
![Page 6: H.evolution honors final](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5584c994d8b42af8138b4b68/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
These are not chordates!
![Page 7: H.evolution honors final](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5584c994d8b42af8138b4b68/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
These ARE chordates!
![Page 8: H.evolution honors final](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5584c994d8b42af8138b4b68/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What makes us mammals?
All mammals are chordates with…1. Hair or fur
2. Mammary glands – feed young milk
3. Four chambered heart
4. Internal body temperature regulation (Endothermic)
5. Lungs
![Page 9: H.evolution honors final](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5584c994d8b42af8138b4b68/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Mammals
![Page 10: H.evolution honors final](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5584c994d8b42af8138b4b68/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Three groups of mammals?1. Monotremes – Egg laying mammals.
Ex.) platypus
2. Marsupials – Pouched animals Ex.) Kangaroo
3. Placentals – Nutrients are passed to baby via the placenta
![Page 11: H.evolution honors final](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5584c994d8b42af8138b4b68/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
What makes us primates?
Mammals
Well developed brain
Binocular vision- ability to merge visual images seen from both eyes (3-D or depth)
Grasping hands and feet due to presence of 5 flexible digits and opposable thumb
Rotating shoulder joints
![Page 12: H.evolution honors final](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5584c994d8b42af8138b4b68/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
2 Groups Primates
Prosimians
ex) lemur
Nocturnal
Large eyes
![Page 13: H.evolution honors final](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5584c994d8b42af8138b4b68/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
2 Groups Primates cont.
Anthropoids
ex) monkeys, apes, humans
Day-active (diurnal)
Smaller eyes
Development color vision
This group split into two major groups when continents split
![Page 14: H.evolution honors final](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5584c994d8b42af8138b4b68/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Anthropoid Branches
New World Monkeys
Found Central/South America
Tree dwellers
Prehensile tail- grasping equal to a 5th hand
Ex) spider monkey
![Page 15: H.evolution honors final](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5584c994d8b42af8138b4b68/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Anthropoid Branches cont.
Old World Monkeys
Found Africa/Asia
Do NOT have prehensile tails
Ex) baboon
![Page 16: H.evolution honors final](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5584c994d8b42af8138b4b68/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Anthropoid Branches cont.
Great Apes are included in the Old World Monkeys
Also called hominoids
Lack tails
Ex) gibbon, orangutan, gorilla, chimpanzee, humans
![Page 17: H.evolution honors final](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5584c994d8b42af8138b4b68/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
What is a hominid?
Scientists believe that 5 mya hominoid line gave rise to the earliest hominidsFamily includes humans and their closest ancestors“Humans share a common ancestor with apes”Closest relative is the chimpanzee (98% identical DNA)Thus, apes (not even the chimp) is our direct ancestor
![Page 18: H.evolution honors final](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5584c994d8b42af8138b4b68/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
What are Hominids?
Bipedal- walk upright on two legs
(due to locking knee joint and position of spine entry to skull)
Increased brain size
Jaw arc-shaped, no space between incisors and canines, short canines
![Page 19: H.evolution honors final](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5584c994d8b42af8138b4b68/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Human Evolution-Where are We?
Primates
Prosimians Anthropoids
New World Monkeys Old World Monkeys
Hominoids
Hominids
![Page 20: H.evolution honors final](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5584c994d8b42af8138b4b68/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: H.evolution honors final](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5584c994d8b42af8138b4b68/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Human and Ape Skeletal Differences
Spine shape.
Entry of spine into skull
Teeth
Brain cavity size
Feet (great toe)
Locking knee joints
Arm and leg length
Angle of femur
Pelvis shape
![Page 22: H.evolution honors final](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5584c994d8b42af8138b4b68/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Charles Darwin’s Theory…
![Page 23: H.evolution honors final](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052905/5584c994d8b42af8138b4b68/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Classification of HumansHuman Chimp Pig Goldfish Jellyfish
Kingdom Animal Animal Animal Animal Animal
Phylum Chordate Chordate Chordate Chordate X
Class Mammal Mammal Mammal X X
Order Primate Primate X X X
Family Hominid X X X x
Genus Homo X X X X
Species Sapien X X X x