Herlihy’s The Human Body in Health and Illness th edition€¦ · Title: Chapter 7 Body Systems...

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Chapter 16

Anatomy of the Heart

TEACH Lesson Plan Manual for

Herlihy’s The Human Body in

Health and Illness

5th edition

1


Lesson 16.1

Anatomy of the Heart1. Describe the location of the heart.

2. Name the three layers and the covering of the heart.

3. Explain the function of the heart as two separate pumps.

4. Identify the four chambers and great vessels of the heart.

5. Explain the functions of the four heart valves.

6. Describe the physiological basis of the heart sounds.

7. Describe blood flow through the heart.

8. List the vessels that supply blood to the heart.

9. Identify the major components of the heart's conduction system.

2


Heart: Size and Location

Located between second rib and fifth

intercostal space

Apex: Lower, pointed end of heart

Base: Upper, flattened

Precordium: Anterior chest overlying heart

3


Heart: Layers and Covering

Three layers of heart Endocardium

Myocardium

Epicardium

Pericardium (also has three layers) Epicardium

Parietal pericardium

Fibrous pericardium

Pericardial space, with 10 to 30 mL fluid

4


A Double Pump and Two

Circulations Double pump

Right heart (blue)

Left heart (red)

Two circulations

Pulmonary

Systemic

5


Chambers and Great Vessels

Chambers

Right atrium

Left atrium

Right ventricle

Left ventricle

Great vessels

Venae cavae

Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary veins

Aorta

6


Blood Flow Through the Heart

Right atrium

From venae cavae

Right ventricle

Pulmonary artery

Right and left lungs

Four pulmonary veins

Left atrium

Left ventricle

Aorta

7


Chambers of the Heart

8


Heart Valves: Atrioventricular

Tricuspid between right atrium and ventricle

Bicuspid (mitral) between left atrium and ventricle

Cusps attached to ventricular walls by chordae

tendineae

9


Heart Valves: Semilunar Valves

Pulmonic valve

Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Aortic valve

Between left ventricle and aorta

10


Auscultation of Heart Valves

11


Blood Flow Through the Heart

Right atrium

From venae cavae

Tricuspid valve

Right ventricle

Pulmonic valve

Pulmonary artery

Right and left pulmonary capillaries

Four pulmonary veins

12


Blood Flow Through the Heart,

cont’d Left atrium

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

Left ventricle

Aortic valve

Aorta

13


Blood Flow and Shunts

Disruption of normal blood flow

Right-to-left shunt

Diverts blood from the right heart to the left heart

Left-to-right shunt

Diverts blood from left heart to the right heart

14


Blood Supply to the Myocardium

15


Characteristics of Coronary

Blood Flow Flow can increase up to four to five times

during exertion

Flow is greatest during myocardial relaxation

Coronary arteries can form anastomoses

16


Ischemia and Infarction

Ischemia (diminished blood flow and oxygen

deprivation)

Angina (chest pain)

Myocardial infarction (MI; heart attack)

Diagnostic tests

Creatine phosphokinase (CPK)

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)

Troponin

17


Cardiac Conduction System

SA node

AV node Left atrium

Bundle of His

Purkinje fibers

18


Conduction System of the Heart

19


Cardiac Conduction System,

cont’d SA node originates cardiac impulse

Cardiac impulse spreads to AV node, left

atrium

Atria contract

AV node slows cardiac impulse and sends it

to bundle of His

Bundle of His sends cardiac impulse to

Purkinje fibers throughout the ventricles

Ventricles contract

20


Automaticity and Rhythmicity

Automaticity

Cardiac pacemaker cells generate electrical signal

without assistance

SA node = pacemaker of the heart

Dysrhythmic = when heart rhythm is disturbed

21


Electrocardiogram: Measurement

of Electrical Activity P-wave: Impulse

depolarizing in atria

QRS complex:

Impulse depolarizing

in ventricles

T-wave: Impulse

repolarizing in

ventricles

22


Questions?

23

Herlihy’s The Human Body in Health and Illness th edition€¦ · Title: Chapter 7 Body Systems...

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