Herlihy’s The Human Body in Health and Illness th edition€¦ · Title: Chapter 7 Body Systems...
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Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 16 Anatomy of the Heart TEACH Lesson Plan Manual for Herlihy’s The Human Body in Health and Illness 5 th edition 1
Transcript of Herlihy’s The Human Body in Health and Illness th edition€¦ · Title: Chapter 7 Body Systems...
Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 16
Anatomy of the Heart
TEACH Lesson Plan Manual for
Herlihy’s The Human Body in
Health and Illness
5th edition
1
Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Lesson 16.1
Anatomy of the Heart1. Describe the location of the heart.
2. Name the three layers and the covering of the heart.
3. Explain the function of the heart as two separate pumps.
4. Identify the four chambers and great vessels of the heart.
5. Explain the functions of the four heart valves.
6. Describe the physiological basis of the heart sounds.
7. Describe blood flow through the heart.
8. List the vessels that supply blood to the heart.
9. Identify the major components of the heart's conduction system.
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Heart: Size and Location
Located between second rib and fifth
intercostal space
Apex: Lower, pointed end of heart
Base: Upper, flattened
Precordium: Anterior chest overlying heart
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Heart: Layers and Covering
Three layers of heart Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
Pericardium (also has three layers) Epicardium
Parietal pericardium
Fibrous pericardium
Pericardial space, with 10 to 30 mL fluid
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A Double Pump and Two
Circulations Double pump
Right heart (blue)
Left heart (red)
Two circulations
Pulmonary
Systemic
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Chambers and Great Vessels
Chambers
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Great vessels
Venae cavae
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins
Aorta
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Blood Flow Through the Heart
Right atrium
From venae cavae
Right ventricle
Pulmonary artery
Right and left lungs
Four pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Aorta
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Chambers of the Heart
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Heart Valves: Atrioventricular
Tricuspid between right atrium and ventricle
Bicuspid (mitral) between left atrium and ventricle
Cusps attached to ventricular walls by chordae
tendineae
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Heart Valves: Semilunar Valves
Pulmonic valve
Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Aortic valve
Between left ventricle and aorta
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Auscultation of Heart Valves
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Blood Flow Through the Heart
Right atrium
From venae cavae
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonic valve
Pulmonary artery
Right and left pulmonary capillaries
Four pulmonary veins
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Blood Flow Through the Heart,
cont’d Left atrium
Bicuspid (mitral) valve
Left ventricle
Aortic valve
Aorta
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Blood Flow and Shunts
Disruption of normal blood flow
Right-to-left shunt
Diverts blood from the right heart to the left heart
Left-to-right shunt
Diverts blood from left heart to the right heart
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Blood Supply to the Myocardium
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Characteristics of Coronary
Blood Flow Flow can increase up to four to five times
during exertion
Flow is greatest during myocardial relaxation
Coronary arteries can form anastomoses
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Ischemia and Infarction
Ischemia (diminished blood flow and oxygen
deprivation)
Angina (chest pain)
Myocardial infarction (MI; heart attack)
Diagnostic tests
Creatine phosphokinase (CPK)
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)
Troponin
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Cardiac Conduction System
SA node
AV node Left atrium
Bundle of His
Purkinje fibers
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Conduction System of the Heart
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Cardiac Conduction System,
cont’d SA node originates cardiac impulse
Cardiac impulse spreads to AV node, left
atrium
Atria contract
AV node slows cardiac impulse and sends it
to bundle of His
Bundle of His sends cardiac impulse to
Purkinje fibers throughout the ventricles
Ventricles contract
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Automaticity and Rhythmicity
Automaticity
Cardiac pacemaker cells generate electrical signal
without assistance
SA node = pacemaker of the heart
Dysrhythmic = when heart rhythm is disturbed
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Electrocardiogram: Measurement
of Electrical Activity P-wave: Impulse
depolarizing in atria
QRS complex:
Impulse depolarizing
in ventricles
T-wave: Impulse
repolarizing in
ventricles
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Questions?
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