Heritage Map of the Township of Rideau Lakes
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Transcript of Heritage Map of the Township of Rideau Lakes
613-273-2937
1-800-835-0570www.rideaulakesgolf.ca
VistorsWelcome
The Royal Sappers and Miners �A provincial plaque at St. Mary’s Cemetery in Newboro commemorates the twocompanies of the British Army’s construction corps, the Royal Sappers and Miners,who were raised to work on the Rideau Canal. They built locks and military struc-tures primarily in Bytown (Ottawa) and at the Isthmus (Newboro). One of their great-est challenges was the Newboro cut where they had to hew and blast their waythrough Canadian Shield granite.
IntroductionThe Township of Rideau Lakes came into being on January 1st, 1998, bring-ing together the municipalities of North Crosby, South Crosby, Bastard andSouth Burgess, South Elmsley and Newboro. The creation of our new town-ship signaled a move to a new era as structures and organizations have beenestablished to deal effectively and efficiently with the challenges of the future.But our township is also strongly rooted in rich traditions. Each of the found-ing wards brings with it a proud history which together form the heritage ofthe Township of Rideau Lakes.The Municipal Heritage Advisory Committee (MHAC) of the Township of theRideau Lakes produced this map highlighting our natural and cultural heritageto help residents and visitors alike to be more aware of our collective andcolourful past as “The Keystone of the Rideau Corridor”.Production of the original heritage map and this reprinted version has beenmade possible through the generous sponsorship of our advertisers. Also, anumber of people, too many to mention by name, have volunteered their time,talents and experience to the development of map and text. The contributionsof all have been much appreciated
The MapOur heritage map is presented in two sections.Side 1 provides overall context, presenting a map of the township and its fivewards. Several aspects of our heritage are highlighted and identified by letter:� historic routes or nature trails that pass through the township;� national and provincial sites and commemorations;� museums and conservation areas open to the public;Side 2 details plans for each community along with a short history and high-lights of the architectural heritage of the area (individual buildings are identi-fied by number). Limitations of space have prevented an exhaustive treatmentof the history and buildings of the Township. Readers are referred to the excel-lent books noted below for further information.
The Natural Setting of the Township of the Rideau Lakesis highlighted by the rugged Frontenac Axis, a branch of the Canadian Shieldwith its ancient metamorphic rocks and igneous granite, baked and blended inthe roots of the Grenville Mountains a billion years ago. Within those rocks area diversity of minerals found nowhere else in the world. Through time, rain andwind, rivers and glaciers have worn away these peaks to their very roots.Paleozoic seas washed over this rugged land half a billion years ago and leftbeautiful layers of sandstone, the kind used locally for building the RideauCanal locks and dams. Only thousands of years ago, IceAges gouged out patch-es of soft Precambrian marble leaving basins for our numerous lakes and buffer-ing their waters against acid rain. Hard Pre-cambrian granite and quartzite resis-ted the grinding of glaciers and formed countless rugged hills such as Foley andWillow Mountains. The melting of the most recent ice sheet a mere ten thou-sand years ago left us a rich legacy of fertile lake clays and sandy and gravellybeaches.
The Climate of Rideau Lakes Townshipis Temperate Continental (Southern Laurentian) modified by the proximity of theGreat Lakes. This gives us T-shirt and shorts summers of 3 - 4 months (Mean Julytemp. 20 to 25 C.) and allows us to enjoy a host of summer recreation and touristactivities like boating and hiking. Cold (but no need for fur-lined underwear) winterslast 3 - 4 months (Mean Jan. temp. 0 to -10 C.) bringing rest and dormancy to fieldand forest and a rich diversity of winter recreation such as ice fishing, cross countryskiing and snowmobiling. Spring snow-melt and April showers foster an explosionof trilliums and other wildflowers and local farmers start their planting of hay, corn,barley and soybeans as part of the thriving local mixed and dairy agriculture.Summer thunderstorms sustain field and forest, then autumn comes with an explo-sion of colour from the deciduous maple and oak against an ever green of pine andcedar. It was in these mixed forests that Native Canadians once hunted the white-tailed deer and fished the lakes for trout and pike, still found in abundance.
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boundary line between Leeds and Lanark Counties. In 1849, the two small wedgesof land on the southerly shores of the Big Rideau and the many islands that consti-tuted South Burgess were united with Bastard Township for municipal purposes andwere administered as such until amalgamation into the Township of Rideau Lakes.Bastard Ward
There are several explanations for the origin of the colourful name ofBastard Township. The most likely (but least colourful) explanation is thatLt. Governor John Graves Simcoe named The Township after an old andprominent family, (the Bastards) of Devonshire,England, where the Simcoes had their estate. Surveyed in 1796, BastardTownship extended from Rideau Lake to Beverley Lake. The Township wassettled quickly. Its first settler was Elder Abel Stevens who came to UpperCanada from Vermont in 1793/94 and subsequently brought a number offamilies from his home State to settle in the area. After the War of 1812,Bastard benefited from soldier settlers pensioned off by the British govern-ment. With its fertile land, good mill sites and strategic location on the landroutes from the St. Lawrence to the interior, this municipality grew steadilythrough the 19th and 20th century.
Newboro WardThe moccasined feet of hunters and fishers have for millennia traversed the isth-
mus between the Rideau and Mud (Newboro) Lakes. European explorers, missionar-ies and traders followed. But even into the early 19th century as settlements like Deltagrew, only a few such asWilliam Buck Stevens settled along this divide. This site hadno natural treasure of water power. Change came with the building of the RideauCanal as the work camp and settlement near "the Isthmus" expanded to accommodatethose toiling on its construction. Renamed New Borough and later Newboro, thisbusy people-place developed as a thriving community serving its farming and lum-bering hinterland. Throughout the 19th century, Newboro thrived and grew from itslocation as the keystone of the Rideau arch. To the north, the nearby Upper RideauLake starts the voyager down the Rideau River toward Ottawa. To the south, nearbyNewboro Lake starts the voyager down the Cataraqui chain of lakes to Kingston.Newboro was also an important staging point on the Brockville - Westport road. Inthe latter part of the 19th century, steam tugs pulled barge loads of iron ore from localmines to smelters in Youngstown and Cleveland; later, mica to General Electric. In1886-88, the Brockville -Westport Railroad added a third dimension of travel andcommunication through this busy node. Situated on the "townline" boundarybetween North and South Crosby, Newboro declared its independence in 1876 andbecame an " incorporated village".As such it was one of the smallest and oldest incor-porated villages in Ontario. As noted on the map, the boundaries of the ward extendwell beyond the current village site, reflecting the dreams of its 19th century citizens.Between the Upper Rideau Lake and the many parts of Newboro Lake, Newboro isa popular vacation area, legendary for its recreational fishing.
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A UNESCO World Heritage Site
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Horac
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AndrewLake
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Black Cr
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Big RideauNorth Shore Rd
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Long Bay
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Coun
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Lan
ark -
Town
ship
of B
athu
rst/B
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ss &
Sher
broo
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Township of Leeds& The 1000 Islands
Township of Athens
Township of Elizabethtown-Kitley
Windsor Cr
R.V.C.A.
R.V.C.A.
R.V.C.A.
Abandoned Brockville, Westport
& Sault St Marie Railway
Railw
ay St
Abandoned Brockville, Westport
& Sault St Marie Railway
DeltaDeltaDelta
Harlem
Otter Creek
Rideau River
Kelly
s Rd
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ty of
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ideau
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Hanlon
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CaliforniaCaliforniatt
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Lock Rd JonesJonesFallsFallsSharon Ln
Deans Island Rd
Willis Ln
Harts Gravel Rd
Summers Rd
Morton Creek
RankinRd
Bobia
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Cedar SandsRoadway
Lyndhurst Rd
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Abandoned CNR
Trans Canada Trail
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PhilipsvillePhilipsvillePhilipsville ChantryChantryChantry
LombardyLombardyLombardy
ElginElginElgin
ToToOttawaOttawa
ToOttawa
ToToBrockvilleBrockville
ToBrockville
ToToJasperJasper
ToJasper
ToToKingstonKingstonToKingston
ToToAthen &Athen &
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ToAthen &
Brockville
Upper Beverley
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AlthorpeAlthorpeAlthorpe
SmithsSmithsFallsFalls
SmithsFalls
200th AniversaryDelta’s Old Stone MillNational Historic Site
Cataraqui Region ConservationAuthority (CRCA)BOX 160, GLENBURNIE ON KOH 1SOTel. (613) 546-4228e-mail: [email protected]
Municipal HeritageAdvisory Committee (MHRC)C/O TOWNSHIP OF RIDEAU LAKESBOX 500DELTA ON KOE 1GOTel. (613) 928-2251 or Toll Free: (800) 928-2250
Parks CanadaSuperintendent Rideau CanalSMITHS FALLS ON K7A 2A8Tel. (613) 283-5170 or Toll Free: (800) 230-0016e-mail: [email protected]
Watershed InformationCentre14 WATER ST., BOX 280, PORTLAND ON K0G 1V0Phone: (613) 272-5136Fax. (613) 272-5136e-mail: [email protected]:watersheds.ca
Rideau Valley Conservation Authority (RVCA)Box 599, 3889 RIDEAU VALLEY DRMANOTICK ON K4M 1A5Tel. (613) 692-3571 or Toll Free: (800) 267-3504e-mail: [email protected],[email protected]
For more information:
NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL SITES, COMMEMORATIONS, MUSEUMS AND CONSERVATION AREASThe Rideau Canal National Historic Site �The history of the Township of Rideau Lakes has been profoundly influenced bythe presence of the Rideau Canal. Completed 175 years ago, the canal was oneof the great engineering feats of the 19th century. Parks Canada now operatesthis jewelled necklace of lakes and locks which has been designated “of nation-al historic significance”. In 2000 further recognition was given to the RideauWaterway with its designation as a “Canadian Heritage River”. In 2007 theRideau Canal was accorded the status of a UNESCO World Heritage site. Thelakes, in part formed and enlarged by the construction of the canal, dominate thelandscape, the commerce and now the tourism of the Rideau Corridor.Navigation on the canal encouraged settlement and development and continuesto contribute significantly to our culture and economy. The Township of SouthCrosby has been described as the "Hub of the Rideau". The whole of theTownship of Rideau Lakes, geographically, forms the “Keystone” of the RideauCorridor. Ours is a realm of scenic diversity conveniently situated betweenOttawa, our "Nation’s Capital" and Kingston, the "Limestone City". UpperRideau Lake is the highest gem in the Rideau Canal necklace. From Newboroone descends southward through the Cataraqui River System to Lake Ontario ornorthward through the Rideau River System to join the Ottawa River. Eitherway, you can sail to the rest of the world. Or the rest of the world can sail to us!The historic and cultural charms of the Rideau Canal and its surroundings forma rich cultural landscape that complements the great variety of its natural treas-ures. The natural and cultural heritage of the Rideau country can be experiencedby water, exploring parts or all of the system by boat. Or you can relish theRideau experience entirely by road, all of the Rideau Canal lockstations beingreadily accessible, some near busy by-ways, some in rustic seclusion. The lock-stations are treated in detail on the reverse side of the map.
Historic PlaquesLieutenant-Colonel John By, Royal Engineer �A provincial plaque located near the locks at Jones Falls on County Road11 commemorates the work in Canada of Col. John By (1779 - 1836).Between 1802 and 1811, he helped engineer the building of fortifications atQuebec and small canals on the St. Lawrence. The British military recog-nized his genius and By returned to British North America to superintendthe construction of the Rideau Canal between 1826 and 1831.Chaffey’s Mills �A provincial plaque erected at Chaffeys Lock commemorates Chaffey’s Mills.Samuel Chaffey established an extensive milling complex here on the CataraquiSystem in the 1820s and a small settlement known as Chaffey’s Mills flourishedbriefly. However construction of the Rideau Canal necessitated the flooding of theoriginal mill site.Memory Wall and Outdoor Chapel, Chaffeys Locks �Located at the entrance to the Chaffeys Locks cemetery, the memory wall was erect-ed by the Chaffey’s Lock and Area Heritage Society to commemorate the founding,building and continuing life of the area. Buried in the cemetery are Samuel Chaffeyand his wife Mary Ann as well as 79 labourers, mostly Irish immigrants, who diedin the construction of the Rideau Canal. The stones of the memory wall hold plaquesinscribed to early families who settled in the area.
St Edwards �The original Catholic Parish, with Church and School, in North Leeds, 1840
Railway Lines
Lots & Concessions
Crosby to Salem Driving Tour
Rideau Canal Channel
Abandoned Railways
Roads Allowances
County Roads
Historic Township Boundaries
Conservation Areas, ParksPublic Lands, etc.
Towns, Villages& Built up Areas
Hamlets
Provincial Highways
Township Roadst
Historic Hamletst
County, Town and Township Boundaries
Rideau Trail (Hiking Trail)& Cataraqui (Hiking Trail)
County Highways
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LEEDS-GRENVILLE
23LEEDS-GRENVILLE
South Burgess South Elmsley Driving TourMorton to Crosby Driving Tour
Heritage Route
Circuit patrimonial
The Township of Rideau Lakesand the Village of Westport
in The United Counties of Leeds and Grenville
All Maps are © 1998, 1999, 2005 & 2008, by Lyle Henderson, (613) 342-1745 and/or C & L Specialty Maps (613) 342-1745 • May not be reproduced by any means without written permission.
Old Stone Mill at Delta �This Mill, erected in 1810, has been commemorated as a National Historic Siteby the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada. This stone mill is aremarkable example of mill architecture persisting from the times of UpperCanada and is the only designated stone mill in Canada. 200 years old in 2010.The Founding of Newboro �A provincial plaque erected at the War Memorial on Drummond Street (Highway 42) inNewboro commemorates the origin of Newboro.
James Philips �A provincial plaque in Philipsville beside Highway 42 commemorates James Philips,an early store and tavern owner in the community. He became active in local politics,rose to prominence as a Reformer in the 1830s and became embroiled in the violenceand rebellion of Upper Canada in 1837. James Philips was killed in the Battle of theWindmill in 1838.Dr. Lorne Pierce �A provincial plaque located on the grounds of the United Church in Delta commemorates Dr.
Lorne Pierce, a prolific writer and ardent promoter of Canadian literature. Born inDelta, Dr. Pierce was editor of the Ryerson Press between 1920 and 1960. He estab-lished several university scholarships and an excellent Canadian literature col-lection at Queen’s University.
The Red Brick School in Elgin �is a very early example of the late 19th century campaign to improve Ontario’s system ofpublic education through the construction of better buildings.
ROADS, TRAILS AND RAILWAY LINESThe Rideau Canal is the most prominent of the historic transportationroutes in the Township of Rideau Lakes that is still in active use. But,early in the 19th century a number of roads passed through this north-ern part of Leeds County. These primitive arteries provided essentiallinks between the established towns on the St. Lawrence River such asKingston and Brockville and the growing communities of the hinter-land. Within the township itself a grid of roads, many of which are stillin use today, linked farm and village. In the latter half of the 19th cen-tury the railway brought a new facility of year-round and faster travel tothe area. In 1888, the Brockville, Westport and Sault Ste. Marie Railwaybegan its daily trips, but never past Westport. A couple decades later theC.N.R. traversed the township from Smiths Falls on its way to Napanee.VIA trains still race along the main CPR line from Brockville to Ottawathrough the easterly side of South Elmsley Ward. The other lines haveall been abandoned and many now serve as recreational trails openingup remote vistas of the Township to hikers and snowmobilers.
Old Kingston Road �The Old Kingston Road provided an early link between the townshipand Kingston (the "Limestone City" and fortress of Upper Canada). Formuch of its length, this road for stagecoach and buckboard appears toprecede modern-day Highway 15 once taking dusty and shaken trav-ellers through places called Whitefish Falls (Morton) and Singleton’sCorners (Crosby). At Portland however, it went on a direct line toOliver’s (Rideau) Ferry, an important traverse of the Big Rideau Lakeen route to Perth (once capital of the Bathurst District of UpperCanada). This section between Portland and Rideau Ferry still bears itsold rustic charm and its name, "Old Kingston Road".
Perth or Rideau Ferry Road �Early settlers could also travel by road from Brockville to Perth viaRideau Ferry. Called the Victoria Macadamized Road after theyoung Queen Victoria, this was a toll road until 1903.
Perth Road �The Perth Road pioneered the route of modern-day Leeds County Road10. Surveyed in 1852, this rugged path traversed the granitic hills of theFrontenac Axis and North Crosby Ward. Its purpose was to encouragesettlement in the isolated townships and rugged land between Perth andKingston. Enjoy the vivid colours of an autumn afternoon as you drivealong the Perth Road and see the commemorative plaque beside CountyRoad 10 about 1.5 km. south of Westport.Farmersville (Athens)-Westport Road �Establishing the route of the current day Country Road 42, this was amacadamized road for the use of which the grumbling traveller had topay a toll during much of its early history. Along its route a number ofearly villages such as Philipsville and Newboro grew and thrived as reststops for the weary and thirsty. Note the sign commemorating the“Stone Road” between Newboro and Westport.Cataraqui Trail �The Cataraquie Trail follows the route of the old Napanee, Tamworthand Quebec Railway, a ribbon of steel built in 1879 to connect the Bayof Quinte to the Ottawa Valley. The steel is gone but now the CataraquiTrail follows its path across the Township of Rideau Lakes from SmithsFalls to Chaffeys Locks and beyond. It is part of the Trans-Canada Trailand is maintained year-round by the Cataraqui Trail Management Boardfor the enjoyment and marvel of hikers, joggers, cross-country skiers,cyclists, horseback riders, bird watchers, naturalists and snowmobilers.Rideau Trail The Rideau Trail is a cross-country trail which runs 300 km. fromKingston to Ottawa. Marked with orange triangles, this trail is used pri-marily for hiking although some areas are suitable for cross-countryskiing. Within the Township of Rideau Lakes, the trail begins nearChaffeys Lock where it links with the Cataraqui Trail. The hiker thentreks northward through North Crosby Ward along the 9th and 8th con-cessions, turning eastward along the north of Westport Lake, throughFoley Mountain Conservation Area and along the north shore of UpperRideau Lake, crossing County Road No. 3 just north of Narrows Lock.Enjoy an exhilarating experience of the Frontenac Axis, its rugged geol-ogy and its rich diversity of mixed-forest flora and fauna.
MUSEUMSRideau District Museum �Located at the corner of Bedford and George St. in Westport, the Rideau DistrictMuseum is housed in an authentic blacksmith and carriage shop constructed inthe 1850s. The forges, bellows and iron tools are exhibited in their original set-ting. Exhibits and artefacts relate the history of Westport and the surroundingarea. Open June & September 1-4pm July & Aug 10-4pm. Small admissioncharge.Delta Old Stone Mill �Designated a national historic site, the Old Stone Mill is operated by the Delta MillSociety, which has undertaken to restore its 1810 mill to working order. Theimpressive mill building has been extensivly restored. In Delta’s Town Hall you cansee exhibits and artefacts which illustrate the theme of "Early IndustrialTechnology" in Delta and the surrounding area. The Delta Mill hosts and partici-pates in a number of community events each year such as the Delta Maple SyrupFestival. Open Victoria Day weekend to Labour Day and Thanksgiving weekend,10 - 5. Free general admission at time of publication although donations are appre-ciated and there is a charge for bus tours and large groups. School groups and othergroups are welcome year round with advance booking.
Chaffeys Lockmaster’s House Museum �This museum is located in the defensible lockmaster’s house built in 1844. Thisstructure of stone features a permanent display of the history of South Crosby Wardand the daily work of the men and women who settled the shores of Opinicon andIndian Lakes. Changing displays each year depict some aspect of life along theRideau Canal. Open Victoria Day to Labour Day, 9-5. Free admission.
NATURECONSERVATION AREASTwo Conservation Authorities help tend the natural resources of theTownship of Rideau Lakes.The Rideau Valley Conservation Authority (RVCA) is responsible forthe Rideau River Watershed and its tributary rivers and lakes extendingfrom the height of water at the village of Newboro to the city of Ottawa.The Cataraqui Region Conservation Authority (CRCA) administers theCataraqui River Watershed and its tributary rivers and lakes from thevillage of Newboro to the city of Kingston. Both provide a number ofservices and facilities such as nature trails, picnic and boat launch sites.Foley Mountain Conservation Area -RVCA �Located off Country Road 10 overlooking the Upper Rideau Lake,Foley Mountain Conservation Area offers the visitor a panoramic viewfrom "the Mountain", 325 hectares (800 acres) of woods, ponds andfields containing a fascinating variety of flora and fauna. Relax by thesandy beach, experience the scenic vista from Spy Rock, enjoy groupcamping, hiking, the outdoor centre and education programs. Open year-round. (613) 273-3255.Mill Pond Conservation Area-RVCA �Take the Briton-Houghton Bay Road off Highway 15 between Portlandand Lombardy. Relax while walking the trails through mixed and decid-uous forest. The adventurer might launch a canoe to experience the tran-quil mill pond and enjoy lunch under the picnic shelter.Portland Bay Conservation Area- RVCA �Two lakeside areas are located on the north side of Highway 15 nearPortland. Enjoy a picnic beside Portland’s Mill Bay. Launch your boat orwatch the bird life from the boardwalk beside MacDonalds Bay.Cooligan Creek-CRCA �Between Philipsville and Harlem is a very promising co-operative experi-ment in floodplain restoration and conservation. This project has beendirected by the Leeds Stewardship Council, local farmers and RideauDistrict High School in conjunction with the Cataraqui RegionConservation Authority.
The Heritage of the Township of Rideau Lakes
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Municipal Heritage Advisory Committee(MHAC)
The MHAC is a Standing Committee of the Council of the Township ofRideau Lakes. Made up of volunteers from the community and representa-tives from Council, it provides advice to Council on the recognition, designa-tion and conservation of the heritage of the Township.
The MHAC has undertaken a number of projects to promote awarenessand understanding of the heritage of our community. This Heritage Map, firstproduced as a millennium project in 1999, has been printed in revised form in2003, 2005 & 2007. “Our Best Kept Secret”, a video providing a visual overviewof the history and heritage of the area, can be purchased for a modest $19.95 atthe Township offices or other local outlets and libraries. Heritage walking tourbrochures are currently available for Portland, Delta, Newboro and Elgin. Alsoavailable are driving tours from Morton to Crosby “the Canal Road” and Crosbyto Salem, “the Stone Road”.
North Crosby WardThe surveying of the original Crosby Township began in 1795 and
was completed in 1806 when the Township was divided into North andSouth Crosby Townships. It was named after Brass Crosby, at one time theLord Mayor of London, and a Member of the British Parliament. In theearly 1800s, United Empire Loyalists, English and Scottish settlers clearedthe forests, tilled the soils and eventually built beautiful stone homes on afertile wedge of St. Lawrence Lowland extending from Newboro toSalem. But elsewhere the Canadian Shield dominates the landscape ofNorth Crosby. Farm settlement was difficult. Development was very muchlinked to the mill sites located at the west end of the Rideau in the com-munity aptly named Westport. Settlers, many fleeing the Potato Famine inIreland in the mid-1800s, eked out a living in the summers on the margin-al farmland on "the mountain" and manned the bush camps in the winter,cutting timber. Today, North Crosby with its forgiving forests, its ruggedhills and many pristine lakes is paradise for recreational fishing and Edenfor cottaging.South Crosby Ward
Settlement of South Crosby began shortly after the first concessionswere laid out. Walter Davis who settled on the second concession in 1800was its first landowner. In the next few years other pioneers moved onto thefertile land found in the first three concessions. Settlement then proceededslowly, discouraged by the rugged relief of the Frontenac Axis branch of theCanadian Shield. The construction of the Rideau Canal provided a focus fordevelopment and a corridor for commerce throughout the 19th century. Nowthe many beautiful lakes, islands and forested hills of South Crosby Wardprovide a mecca for tourists and cottagers.
South Elmsley Ward The original Elmsley Township, which included both South Elmsley and
North Elmsley, was surveyed in 1803-04. It was named after John Elmsley,Chief Justice of Upper Canada from 1796 to 1802 and Chief Justice of LowerCanada from 1802 until his death in 1805. South Elmsley, containing conces-sions one to five, was incorporated as a separate township in 1851 and includedin Leeds County. North Elmsley which contains concessions five to ten, is partof Lanark County. The Rideau River and Rideau Lake form the boundarybetween the two Elmsleys.South Burgess Ward
Burgess was originally surveyed as one square township in 1812. This townshipwas likely named after Rev. Thomas Burgess, a prominent English theologian andBishop of Salisbury. Like Elmsley Township to the east, the Rideau River and RideauLake formed a natural split of the municipality into two parts as well as serving as the
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