Visitor Guide to Heritage and Antiquities in KSA

Introduction Our dear tourist, as of this moment, brace yourself and prepare for a tour that we shall accompany you on to see and appreciate the most touristic and traditional locations all over the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. On this journey on which you are about to embark, you will be able to speak to its authentic history, and you will hear it speaking to you through its beauty… Please make sure that you plan in advance for the journey ahead and if you are accompanied by your family, do not miss the chance to add some magical touches to the family atmosphere during your trip. Also, please make sure that you provide yourself with all you important and necessary for each location that you plan to visit. Planning ahead is important, so try not to forget what is necessary during your visit, what requirements you need and what you want out of your trip. Be sure to abide by the instructions that each location sets in order to make you and all other visitors feel the true joy of the trip and make the best out of this journey.

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1.Visitor Guide to Heritage and Antiquities in Riyadh Province

Riyadh Province has a distinguished location in the middle of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It was given this name, anciently, being one of the little areas in the middle of the desert. This is due to its rich soil and breathtaking greenery. Historic writers have described this wondrous place as a large wide region with many farms and numerous water springs.

The City of Riyadh:

The city of Riyadh is the capital of Saudi Arabia. It is located in Najd. It is one of the fastest growing cities in the world regarding expansion. Its inhabitants are approximately four and a half million people. In Riyadh, there are several enticing historical and inherited locations. From this moment on, let’s go, and just leave yourself to enjoy a tour where you can see the most important locations of which are:

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Al-Masmak Fortress:Al-Masmak Fortress is located in the middle of the historical city of Riyadh. There, you cannot but appreciate this magical place through its charm and fascination. Over the sides of the fortress, you can see, sense and feel the ancient heritage that grazes the glorious radiance. Thus, the fortress is one of the remaining styles of the existing traditional clay buildings in the area of the Royal Palace. You will discover that it is one of the most important locations that are attached to this Kingdom’s history. Turn your sight around Al-Masmak front yard, which contributes in bringing out the historic status of the fortress. Its distinguishing rank may be based on the presence of so many alleys that are paved with the Riyadh Stone. It is also equipped to hold traditional cultural touristic events and various activities that you can enjoy.

The Ruling (Royal) Palace Area:

The Royal Palace Area is considered to be one of the most important locations of the city of Riyadh due to its political and historical significance. The area comprises the Palace that is distinguished by its exterior and interior architectural design that has been invented from the known traditional architectural style in the middle region. On its sides, you can see rows and columns that are covered with marble walls, in addition to ceilings decorated by ornaments and sculptures matching the local style. Every individual that crosses its paths would be stunned while looking at their beauty and fascination.

The Old City Wall and its Historical Gates:

Let the Old City Wall with its historical

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gates take you into the profundity and intensity of the past when the wall was surrounding all sides of city of Riyadh for its protection.

King Faisal Memorial Hall:

This hall quenches the thirst of each person who thrives to learn about the upbringing of King Faisal, his appointment as the head of state, and his international and Arabian positions.

King Abdul-Aziz Historical Center:

King Abdul-Aziz Historical Center comprises a group of important places that are distinguished by their traditional and historical contents. Some of these places include and are not limited to:

King Abdul-Aziz Memorial Hall:

In this magical hall, you can closely learn about the private life of King Abdul-Aziz, the historic events that witness his time of sovereignty and his sincere efforts in uniting the country. This is presented through modern work of artistic methods. The Hall is divided into three main parts: The first one tells the story of the King’s personal vitae, the second is represented in the private library of the King, and the third introduces the personal properties such as swords, daggers, rifles, coins, and maps.

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The National Museum:

History lies between your hands the moment you walk into the National Museum. The national museum carries you to the past periods in a show that is distinguished by sequence from the beginning of the creation of the universe till the modern time. The basic center of the museum concentrates on the Arabian Peninsula – Aljazeerah. The museum consists of eight major halls as follows: The Universe and the Human Being, The Ancient Arabian Kingdoms Hall, The Pre-Islamic Era Hall, The Prophetical Mission Hall, The Arabian Island and The Islam Hall, The First and Second Saudi Nations Hall, The Uniting Hall of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and The Hall of Pilgrimage and the Two Holy Mosques.

King Fahed Library Museum:

This is a museum that is specialized in bookkeeping and exhibiting manuscripts and rare books. During your visit to the museum, you can look at 300 original manuscripts and 12000 copied ones pictured on a microfilm, in addition to tomb stones and the utilized tools for writing. So, start planning your visits from our present time to enjoy this fascinating museum frequently.

Coins Museum at the Saudi Arabian Monetary Foundation:

If you are a fan of rare coins, feel free to enjoy a visit to the Coins Museum, which is rich with the very rare money coins prevailing prior to Islam. Also, there are coins from Islamic currency until the fourteenth Century Hijri, money specimens of the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries, and coins of some several other countries.

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The Archeology Monuments Museum at the College of Archeology Monuments and Tourism:

In this museum you will find the chance to closely explore chosen ornamentals yielded from the discovery of Al-Fao and Al-Rebthah villages. They contain whole sculptures, inscriptions, pottery, various trinkets, coins, statues, and wall paintings. You will, no doubt, stand in awe in front of them, impressed and astonished by what you are seeing.

Al-Jazeerah Falcon Museum for Aviation:

In Al-Jazeerah Falcom Museum for Aviation, you will find yourself in one of the prominent civilized sights of Riyadh. It is one of the museums that are specialized in the history of aviation and it has several ancient planes. Here, as an example and not limited to, you can have a look at The Dacota, the airplane of King Abdul-Aziz.

Al-Dar’eyah City:

You have an unforgettable date to visit the ancient city of Al-Dar’eyah with its clay buildings carrying the old flavor of the past, which will definitely sing to you the Nobility Anthem. Truly, Riyadh is a magnificent model of the archeological cities of the Kingdom. You will carry a smile along with you wherever you decide to roam in this magical region.

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2. Visitor Guide to Heritage and Antiquities in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarrah ProvinceIf you plan on paying a visit to Al-Madinah Al-Munawarrah, you will be amidst the richest region of the Kingdom when it comes to archeology, heritage, and civilization. You will enjoy visiting monumental places; some of which go back to prehistoric dates. This is proven by rocky paintings, sculptures, and archeological manuscripts, in addition to several heritage locations. So allow us, our dear tourist, to take you on a tour among the most famous historic, traditional, and monumental sites in Madinah, some of which are:

Al-Madinah Al-Munawarrah City:

In this authentic genuine city, you will find several inherited and historical places that bring happiness and joy into the heart of each and every person who visits them such as:

The Prophetical Mosque:

Live the joys of visiting the Honorable Prophetical Mosque that will be engraved in your memory regardless of the years that go by. It is truly an unforgettable memory that will live with your forever.

Be ready to provide for the mosque all the isolation, submission, holiness, and sublimity; where there are the Brilliant Honorable

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Rawdah and the privacy of the Prophet Rooms (peace be upon Him). Feast your eyes by seeing the honorable Mimbar, the honorable room and the Mihrab of the Prophet (peace by upon Him). Consider the interior architectural beauty of the mosque with its various decoration elements, represented by the stone mosque columns of golden lines, decorated crowns and arches. All these things will take their charm from your amazement as their magnificence settles in your heart. Yes, as much as holiness is for the mosque, you will notice for yourself the value of joy and serenity that this visit would leave in your heart. So, we urge you not to miss out on all this and be sure to visit the Honorable Prophetical Mosque in Madinah for a trip of a lifetime.

Qeba’a Mosque:

Make a wish come true and create an unforgettable memory worthy of your diary’s all-time favorites while visiting Qeba’a Mosque. As you enter this magical mosque, you can then say that you have once stood at the first mosque which was built in Islam. Also, write down that you have stayed in it even for a few moments where the prophetical Hijri way ended from Mecca Al-Mukarramah to Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah.

The Two Kiblahs Mosque:

This mosque was destined to leave its mark on history as fate wanted for this mosque to become special and unique. This ancient mosque has witnessed the change of Muslims Kiblah from Al-Aqsa Mosque by the holy house to the Kaaba by Mecca Al-Mukarramah.

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There, Muslims practiced one prayer towards the two kiblas. Go, hurry up and discover by yourself the charm and pride of this historic mosque.

Al-Baqee’:

Rest assured that you will definitely be keen on visiting Al-Baqee’. This unique location houses the graves of the family of the Prophet (peace be upon Him) in addition to more than ten thousand graves of companions and followers (peace be upon Them and pray to God to grant Them forgiveness.) Mark in your memory the details of this unique site.

Uhod Battle Field:

You must visit Uhod Battle Field which took place on Saturday, the seventh of Shawwal in the third year of Hijrah which corresponds to March 23rd, 625 AD. The battle was between Moslems under the leadership of Mohammad, the Messanger of God (peace be upon Him) and the people of Mecca. You ought to learn all the events and the war plans that occurred in this battle to enable you to cast peace on Uhod Muslim Martyrs.

Al-Ola GovernorateOur dear tourist, in order to extend your knowledge about the region of Al-Madinah Al-Munawarrah, you must pay a visit to Al-Ola Governorate

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to look at its heritage and archeological locations, of which are (to name a few):

The Old Town of Al-Ola:

The true heritage will be noticed in the old buildings that are made of stone and clay, which go back to the sixth century Hijri. Only here you can imagine the style of living, the activities and dealings of the inhabitants of these buildings at the time. There are 24 doors available for entering, three of them to the old town whose visit gives you the source of joy and meditation by its enticing cultural traditional elements of which are:

Um Nasser Mountain:

From the highest top of Jabal Um Nasser located in the middle of the town, you will witness extremely magnificent panoramic views and the beauty of the stone and clay buildings in the old town and its surrounding palm farms. You will see the precision of the old architect that refined the natural rock and made of it traditional stairs that lead you to the top of this mountain. Now you may start imagining this breathtaking scenery.

Al-Tantourah:

Dear tourist, make sure to visit this prominent archeological site in the middle of the old town that is named by Al-Tantourah. It consists of a solar clock whereby you can enjoy this traditional clock that was built hundreds of years ago. The tour of the sun is determined by the means of this clock through the shadow of Al-Tantourah in order to know the seasons of the year. You can enjoy watching the water clock that defines the time of irrigating the farms from the water fountains.

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The Old Town Alleys:

In all probability, the most beautiful scene you can enjoy in the old town is its enticing architectural texture with its decorative types. Hence, you should make sure to stroll through its narrow streets whether open or roofed. Explore the style of buildings and the beauty of their wooden doors that are carved and decorated with various kinds of traditional carvings that are inherited generation after generation since ancient times.

The Popular Festivals Yard:

You will feel very lucky to witness the peak of beauty and magnificence and to enjoy the scenery during your visit to the popular yard. You will find on its sides folksy shops that sell several handmade products and you will attend various shows of folklore arts.

Al-Hajar (Mada’en Saleh):

Pay a visit to Al-Hajar (Mada’en Saleh) so that you will be one of those destined to see one of the most prominent monumental sites in the world that had been registered in the international heritage list, as it comprises a large number of carved rocky fronts with a precision that takes the minds away. With no doubt, it surprises and wonders everyone. This is because you will see historical monuments nothing

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can resemble in the whole word. It is a mixture of several civilizations prevailed then vanished through the ages.

Al-Ola Museum:

Enjoy yourself in the heritage and archeology museum in Al-Ola Governorate by seeing unforgettable precious monumental pieces of sculptures, ornaments, archeological materials, traditional pieces whose ages go back to different long periods of time.

Al-Anbat Wells:

Have you ever seen a well dug in the middle of the desert? That is what you will see when you visit Al-Anbat Wells. There, you will be stunned when standing in front of an archetype of wells dug in Jabal Al-Mahjar. You will also have the chance to see other wells used by Al-Anbat to irrigate their plants.

Badr GovernorateWhen you visit Badr Governorate which is located in the southern western part of Madinah, you will see genuine monumental sites that remind you of the glorious past of Islam especially when you visit Great Badr Battle location. Such locations are Al-Arish Mosque, Martyrs Cemetry, the Near Race, the Far Race, and the Angels Mountain.

Great Badr Battle Location:

Have a rich imagination and think of the field of the first battle that took place between Muslims and polytheists. Imagine the nearest race where Muslims came from Al-Madinah Al-Munawarrah and the furthest race where polytheists came from Mecca. Give yourself the honor of having stood in front of the Badr Martyrs Cemetery and Al-Arish Mosque that Muslims used as the center of command during the battle.

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3. Visitor Guide to Heritage and Antiquities in Mecca Al-Mukarramah Province It is one of the important administrative provinces of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It has several traditional and prominent monumental sites worthy of your visit, our dear tourist.

The City of Mecca Al-Mukarramah:During your visit to Mecca, you will acknowledge its heritage and archeological locations. You will be blissful to see unprecedented sites, unlike any other place in the world. The city of Mecca Al-Mukarramah is the holy city of Islam. It is known as Um-Al Qura, Al-Haram, the Safe Country, and the Faithful City. In it, there is the holiest place for Muslims. It is the Ka’abah in Beit Allah Al-Haram, Muslims look towards Qiblah in their prayers from all over the world. To it, all Muslims come every year to practice the Pilgrimage rituals. It has been the holy city since the old days of Abraham, the cradle of Islam, the descent of the inspiration, and the place of the spiritual emission of Islam. In Mecca, Prophet Mohammad Bin Abdullah was born in year 570 AD. Of the most important sites in Mecca Al-Mukarramah, we mention a few favorites, which are:

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The Holy Shrines:

Arafat: Arafat Shrine is a spacious valley 25 km away from Mecca. In it, pilgrims gather on the ninth day of the month of Zi-Alhijjah. In Arafat there are some important place like Jabal Al-Rahmah and Nimrah Mosque.

Muzdalifah: The Musdalifah Shrine is one of the holy places that fall between Mena and Arafat. It is the overnight shelter for pilgrims and the prayer assembly when they come down from Arafat.

Mena: The Mena Shrine falls between Mecca Al-Mukarramah and Muzdalifah. In it there is Al-Kheif Mosque with its wide space. The Noble Messanger (The purest greetings and best prayers be upon him) had prayed in it. In Mena the three Jamarat are thrown: Jamrat Al-Aqabah, Al-Jamrah Al-Wusta, and Al-Jamrah Al-Sughrah.

Jabal Annour:

Jabal Annour, the first inspiration descent to Mohammad the best creation of God (upon him is the best prayers and Greetings.) In Jabal Annour there is Ghar Hira’a at an altitude of 614 meters above the base of the mountain. It is the place where the inspiration descended for the first time whereby the sky inspiration linked with the earth. There came the verses of The Criterion (Al-Qur’an). It was the place that the last of the prophets, Mohammad, worshipped God prior to the prophetical mission.

Museum of Archeology and Heritage:

While you are visiting Mecca Al-Mukarramah, you must pay a visit to the Museum of Archeology and Heritage. There, you will enjoy looking at the archeological and traditional pieces which the halls of this museum contain. 16

Jeddah GovernorateThe City of Jeddah:

Enjoy the visit to the city of Jeddah. Find out that it really has the name that carries the title of the Red Sea Bride. Jeddah is considered the touristic and economic capital of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The history of its origin goes back to about Thirty thousand years ago. It is brimful of several monumental and traditional locations of which are:

Historical Jeddah:

Will you see or wait for the history, or will the history itself wait for you? Regardless, the result is the same. It is your chance to have an unforgettable touristic joy; whereby you can see with your own eyes the ancient Jeddah Area. It was formed of houses, merchant places, mosques and light houses. Jeddah was penetrated by some small yards and tortuous alleys. Thus grab the chance, live the moment and enjoy a visit to this unique heritage.

Ancient Jeddah Markets:

Obtain strolling fun by visiting ancient Jeddah Markets of which are: Al-Ulwi Souq which is distinguished by offering several items and goods

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such as clothes, spices, house holds and others. Live the atmospheres of marketing in their heritage image by visiting the Bedouin Souq that offers several products like spices, cereals, textiles, and all that have the Bedouin style. Also join the list of smart visitors of Qabel Souq. You will then know that this market lived through time a major change in the quality of its offered products. As for Al-Nada Souq, it is one of the most important markets in ancient Jeddah and that what made this market a great and distinguished one for its visitors.

Historic Mosques:

Here, you and history will have a special dialogue. In Harat Al-Mazloom in the ancient Jeddah area there is the Masjed Othman Bin Affan (May God grant him salvation). It is also called Al-Abnoos Mosque as its mimbar was decorated by two columns of ebony, and the view of its great minaret will attract your attention. As for Al-Shafi’i Mosque, it is one of the oldest mosques in Jeddah. It is in the middle of ancient Jedddah, in Al-Mazloom Harah at Al-Jamal Souq. The light house of this mosque was built in the seventh century Hijri. Also, in Al-Mazloom Harah, there is Masjid Al-Me’mar. It is a historic mosque renovated by Mustafa Memar Pasha in the year 1284 Hijri. In Al-Sham Mahallah, there is Masjid Al-Hanafi, a monumental mosque that was built in year 1240 Hijri. Also, in Souq Qabel there is Masjid Akash and it is one of the ancient Jeddah mosques and it was built before year 1279 Hijri. It was renovated by Akash Abathah.

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The Provincial Museum of Archeology and Traditional Heritage (Qasr Khuzam):

Do not miss the chance of watching the traditional collection and ornaments that tell the story of civilizations and human cultures of those who lived in the Arabian Peninsula.

The Monumental Site of Abraq A-Rughamah:

This monumental location enables you to set your imagination free. This place was founded in memory of King Abdul-Aziz’s camping when he entered Jeddah in year 1344 Hijri.

Beit Nassif Monumental Museum:

Enjoy visiting one of the monumental sites of Jeddah. Discover by yourself a historic era for the development of ancient architectural art which Beit Nassif Monumental Museum grants to you.

The Museum of the City of Jeddah Municipality (Beit Al-Balad):

This museum stands as a witness to traditional architecture of the City of Jeddah. It houses in its sides the old city council and is made of wood in a magnificent traditional style.

Ein Faraj Yusr:

Ein Faraj Yusr occupies a distinguished place in the region of Jeddah.

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It is a historic monument that was established in the yar 910 AD between Harat Al-Mazloom and Yemen.

The Museum of Abdel-Ra’ouf Hasan Khalil:

In the Museum of Abdel-Ra’ouf Hasan Khalil, you only have to set your imagination free while you are watching fourteen thousand ornaments distributed over 67 halls. They comprise the Arabian and Saudi heritage, clothes exhibition, traditional hand crafts, Bedouin tents, and the Islamic heritage house.

Al-Teebat City Museum:

Listen carefully to what Al-Teebat City Museum tells you about the ancient architecture as it introduces magnificent environmental details like plaster, stone, and wood works in various shapes and types.

Darat Safiah Bin Zuqor Museum:

In this museum, provide yourself with a lot of information about traditions and heritage in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Enjoy watching the fascinating artistic paintings that make you discover the beauty of constructive art.

The House Hold Art Museum:

If you have ever dreamt that your house would have a traditional scent, all you have to do is visit this museum that specializes in showing the house hold art and demonstrating the creativity in color and house arrangement. This museum contains a collection of ancient work of art whose beauty will- without any doubt- dazzle you.

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Al-Ta’ef Governorate

The City of Al-Ta’ef

Al-Ta’ef is the oldest summer resort in the region of Mecca Al-Mukarramah. From the top of Jabal Ghazwan appears to you the city of Al-Ta’ef with its unique location in the region of Mecca Al-Mukarramah. This is the location that made it a summer resort that is distinguished by its captivating nature, moderate cool atmosphere, in addition to its strategic location between the regions of Mecca and Najd on one side and the southern region on the other. Now be ready for this tour that you will be pleased in by visiting the most prominent monumental and traditional locations in Al-Ta’ef.

King Abdul-Aziz Palace by Al-Moyah:

If you are fond of terrestrial tourism, so on your way out from Al-Ta’ef, pay a visit to the palace of Kind Abdul-Aziz by Al-Moyah which is considered an architectural work of art in the heart of the desert. It is the palace that King Abdul-Aziz built to be his residence during his trip from Najd to Al-Hijaz. The palace is encircled by a great wall. In the garden there is a royal compartment built by stone and there are artesian wells that have not yet dried until now.

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Beit Al-Kateb:

Make sure that you grasp some of the ancient Roman architectural art by visiting Beit Al-Kateb whose stone columns are provided with various decorations that leave the visitor’s heart full with unforgettable affection.

Biet Al-Ka’ki

When the blend is available between the Roman architecture style and the engineered traditions, you must be standing in front of a unique work of art. Beit Al-Ka’ki was built of stone, marble, Al-Zan wood, Al Ar’ar and others. This adds to it a unique touch of special beauty.

Qasr Shubra:

Prepare yourself from now to visit Qasr Shubra and you find what will make you full of joy. The palace now contains the provincial museum of AL-Ta’ef Governorate as it has been lately converted to be one of the most important museums in the Kingdom.

The Ancient Cultural Heritage (Al-Ahya’a):

Discover on your own the terminology of beauty in this unique texture which Al-Ta’ef Governorate is rich with. This is assimilated in the ancient architectural art of Al-Hijaz. There you can see a part of the ancient wall of Al-Ta’ef.

Masjid Abdullah Bin Abbas:

It is one of the important historic mosques in Al-Ta’ef Governorate which gains a great respect that made it the attended site of Al-Khulafa’ (The Caliphs). It was completely renovated in the Abbasi Period. It was renovated again in the

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Modern period. Also it was annexed by Amerah Library where you can find several books and rare manuscripts.

Masjid Al-Mawquef (Al- Qou’):

Take a decision and visit Al-Mawquef Mosque. Grant yourself the chance and imagine that you stand in front of what was said to have witnessed the Messenger of God Prophet Mohammad (God bless him and grant him salvation) standing in front of it during his visit to Al-Ta’ef.

Masjid Al-Quntarah:

It is one of the historic monuments which are a proof of the high quality of architecture in the Ottoman Era. The mosque occupies a distinguished view at the base of Jabal Al-Madhoon which made some give it the name of the mountain, Al-Madhoon Mosque, and whose cylindrical lighthouse will stun you.

The Historic Puddles:

The water ponds are historic monuments at Al-Ta’ef. Of them we mention:

Birkat Al-Barakah, Birkat Al-Kharrabah station, and Birkat Faidat Al-Maslah. So be ready to visit them soon.

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The Rocky Engravings:

If you are one of those who are interested in the engraved rock locations that carry historic paintings and manuscripts, do not delay your visit to a good number of such locations in Al-Ta’ef Governorate. The age of some of them goes back prior to Islam. Only make your destination the villages of: Al-Arfa’, Um Al-Siba’, and Al-Radef where you can discover that tourism over there has a different taste.

Sadd Al-Samlaqi:

You are invited to visit the Dam of Al-Samalqi so do not be surprised when you learn that the history of its construction goes back to the time of Mu’awiyah Bin Abi Sufian as a historic sculpture tells us. Most probably what will attract your attention most is the size of the gigantic rocks which the dam was built of.

Souq Ukaz:

You must have heard of Souq Ukaz. So how about moving from the stage of hearing about it to the stage of visiting it? This place is worth visiting whereby you can imagine the ancient poets and men of literature competing. You may accidentally see during your visit one of the folklore exhibits in the center adjacent to the market. This experience will certainly complement the joy of your visit.

Tareeq Al-Jammalah:

Now, be ready to visit one of the most famous mountainous traditional roads of Al-Ta’ef. It is Tareeq Al-Jammalah that penetrates Kara Slopes, the road that was passable for the loaded camel caravans with all kinds of commercial goods from Al-Ta’ef to Mecca and Jeddah. During your visit to this road, you will enjoy seeing the road twists, the monumental camel rest stations and the modes of the wild life. There you will see different kinds of birds, mountainous animals and famous reptiles on the sides of the road.

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4. Visitor Guide to Heritage and Antiquities in the Eastern Province If you head towards the Eastern Province, please be informed that you will be in the largest region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from the geographical aspect. The region is extended from the Arabian Gulf Coast until Al-Dahna’. It shares boarders with the Country of Kuwait, Country of Qatar, Kingdom of Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, and the Sultanate of Oman. Benefit from seeing several traditional and cultural locations that we invite you to visit.

Damman CityThe Provincial Museum:

When you visit the provincial museum in Dammam, you will find yourself inside one of the most important cultural sites of touristic charm by the Eastern Region. This museum contains rarities, acquisitions, and archeological information that reflect the spiritual and materialistic heritage of the region.

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Aramco Exibition:

When you visit Al-Dahran, we advise you to pay a visit to Aramco Exhibition. This is a rare place which you can seldom find its match regarding the magnificent exhibit, preparation, and design. This fair is rich with assorted ornaments, antiquities, manuscripts, documents, and historic pictures that tell the political, economical, and social biography of the inhabitants of the Eastern Region. This story covers all the events that took place since that start of oil excavation until today.

Al-Khubar Ancient Port:

Enjoy yourself by watching the ruins of the ancient port of Al-Khubar on the Coast of the Arabian Gulf. In the past it was know as Al-Khubar Harbor. Not a very long time ago, traditional sail boats used to leave to all countries of the Arab Gulf and to several other countries around the world. Also, from this port, boats and wooden fishing shops used to launch on their trips. On its beaches, all specialized tools for fishing and pearl hunting, such as nets and other related equipment were made. All popular fishermen gathering places used to be in its neighborhood.

Al-Dawaser Quarter:

Enjoy visiting AL-Dawaser quarter that falls in the center of the commercial area in the city of Dammam. It is considered one of the most important traditional quarters that are distinguished by an amazing traditional architectural style. This is the quarter that took a strategic role in all human activities in the past. In the last period of this century, this place became one of the most important cultural and civilized centers, especially in relation to non materialistic heritage.

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The Museum of King Abdul-Aziz Base:

During your visit to Al-Dahran, you should pay a visit to the Museum of King Abdul-Aziz which is located within King Abdul-Aziz Air Base in Al-Dahran. The ownership of this museum goes back to King Abdullah Bin Mohammad Bin Hadi Al-Asmari. It is considered to be one of the most famous private museums in the Eastern Region as far as its various traditional and monumental acquisitions and their different time periods go.

Al-Ahsa’ GovernorateAt Al-Ahsa’ there are many traditional, historical, and archeological sites that are worthy of your visit and which will grant you an unforgettable touristic experience. Of these sites we mention a few of our favourites:

The Historic City Center of Al-Hufouf:

One visit to Al-Hufour city center will make you want to visit it time and time again due to its magnificent charm. The city center is the first and the most significant destination to all local and international visitors to Al-Ahsa governorate. What gives this site its unique and prominent position is the variety and richness of its spiritual and secular cultural

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sites. These are considered to be touristic enticing locations that attract visitors from all walks of life to seek and get to know them.

Al-Qaisariyah:

Al-Qaisariyah is one of the oldest markets in the East of the Arab Peninsula. The market consists of 300 commercial markets which form a unique architectural style. After demolishing the Souq for renovation, the discoveries have shown the existence of an underground passage linking Al-Qaisariyah to Ibrahim Palace (Qasr Ibrahim).

Qasr Ibrahim

If you are a fan of the Ottoman architecture, all you have to do is visit this fabulous Qasr Ibrahim. Here, you will discover a special taste of the Islamic Military architecture. This special attribute is transmitted to you through the high walls, the towers, and the gun holes. Also enjoy seeing the palace, its annexes, and its beautiful mosque with its magnificent minaret and dome. Upon your visit to the palace you may have the opportunity to attend a held festival or any other entertainment activities that add to your visit a special touch that we assure you that you won’t forget.

Al-Qubbah School:

During your visit to Qasr Ibrahim, you will also see the Qubbah School on the main street, south of Qasr Ibrahim. You will be more than entertained observing its distinctive architectural style. The school was built in the year 1019 Hijri, during Ali Pasha’s time, Al-Ahsa Governor back then.

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The school has since become an endowment on the family of Al-Mulla for the purpose of teaching Canonical and Arabic language sciences.

The House of Prince Sa’ad Bin Jalawi:

At our present time, the House of Prince Sa’ad Bin Jalawi is owned by the families of Al-Husein and Al-Afaleq. In order to increase the enjoyment of your touristic journey and for you to explore the decorative and architectural style in the traditional buildings of Al-Hufouf, we advise you to visit the House of Prince Sa’ad Bin Jalawi that falls on the main street in Al-Koot Quarter, south west of Qasr Ibrahim, near Al-Dibis Mosque. This house is considered to be one of the most important traditional abode in the center of Al-Hufouf.

The Private Homage House:

The Arabian style that is famous for the traditional architecture is exemplified and manifested in this house. There, you can walk in its interior space to observe the details of this unique historic prominent house. It is located in Al-Keet ancient quarter. Its ownership is referred back to Al-Mufti Al-Sheikh Abdul Latif Al-Mulla and its building goes back to the year 1203 Hijri. This house is considered as an architectural work of art. It is distinguished by its interior architecture, the beauty of its design, the precision in execution, and the attention in utilizing the decorative and architectural elements in distributing the spacious areas along with their conveniences to their functional relations. What qualifies this vintage house to be one of the most touristic prominent

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locations due to its historic importance, is that this house, in the year 1313 Hijri, witnessed the private homage for His Majesty the Forgiven King Abdul Aziz.

Monumental Mosques:

In Al-Jibri Mosque in the city of Al-Hufouf, all you have to do is enjoy what this mosque preserves from the Islamic touches of the ancient type of architecture as you will see it roofed by several domes. In its center, there is a wide courtyard surrounded by hallways from its four sides. Also, do not miss out on visiting Al-Dibis Mosque beside Al-Masjid Al-Jabri, which is distinguished by its beautiful traditional architectural style. There is also Masjid Ibin Abi Jumhour, which is embraced by Al-Tahimiyah Village. It is a monumental mosque referred to Al-Sheikh Mohammed Bin Ali Bin Ibrahim son of Abi Jumhour, one of the village’s eminent public figures at the time. You can also obtain a portion of enjoyment of heritage through visiting the great mosque at Al-Bataliyah. Literary and historical evidence, in addition to the results of archeological studies and research made in the area prove that the mosque goes back to Al-Oyouni Rule of the region. This means that its early life goes back to the fifth century Hijri.

Schools and Educational Centers:

Do not miss the chance of seeing the schools and inns in Al-Koot quarter and exploring their attractive interior architectural components in addition to the functions that these architectural abodes were designed for.

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Al-Ahsa’ Governmental School:

If you are interested in looking upon the stages of education and studying in Al-Ahsa’, and you desire to acquaint yourself with the first systematic state school, all you have to do is pay a visit to Al-Ahsa’ Governmental School that was inaugurated in the year 1356 Hijri. Al-Hamidiyah building was chosen for the school that carried its name and which is located beside Al-Qaysariyah Souq in Al-Hufouf. The building was originally the residence of the municipality in the Ottoman period. During your visit, you will be pleased to see the interior and exterior architecture styles of the school that was built according to the Islamic-Arabian architecture.

The Popular Markets:

If you are interested in visiting non-physical traditional sights, we advise you to visit the popular markets that are widely spread in the cities and villages of Al-Ahsa’ Governorate, of which are: The blacksmith market, the brass forming market, the carpenter market, the gold market, the weapon market, the rug market, and the Bedouin Market.

Qasr Sahoud:

Qasr Sahoud is one of the most monumental locations by Al-Ahsa’ Region. It was built by Barak in the center of Al-Mubrez City. Barak

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was the first ruler of Al-Hameed and was subjected to the famous blockade of Sahoud by the Ottomans. So, our dear visitor, start making arrangements for the visit to Sahoud Palace known for its magnificent beauty.

Qasr Khuzam:

Qasr Khuzam is located in Al-Raqiqah ancient quarter by the city of Al-Hufouf. It was constructed upon the order of Al-Imam Adbul-Aziz during the years 1209-1210 Hijri. With regard to its architectural and historical importance, the palace does not differ much from the rest of the palaces that are spread out in Al-Ahsa’ Governorate. Historically, the palace is attached to the history of Saudi Arabia. Structurally, the palace is distinguished internally and externally by its decorative and constructive style which qualifies the palace to be one the important touristic locations in the city of Al-Hufouf.

The Oasis Palaces – Qasr Prince Sa’ud Bin Jalawi (Al-Fakhiriyyah):

Prince Sa’ud Bin Jalawi’s Palace, located in the middle of Al-Soudah Oasis, is one of the most beautiful traditional Oasis palaces in Al-Ahsa’. It is favored for visitation because the enjoyment it brings from watching its unique architectural style.

Masjid Juatha:

While you are in Al-Ahsa’, enjoy visiting the Juatha monumental mosque, the first mosque where the Friday prayer was held in Islam after Al-Masjid Al-Nabawi. The mosque falls in the middle of Juatha National Park. It comprises three

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stages showing the history of the mosque. Its building is rectangular. It includes an exterior courtyard and it has four identical symbolic praying chambers.

The Ancient Natural Water Springs:

Pay a visit to the natural water springs in Al-Ahsa’ Governorate and enjoy swimming in their mineral water. Such springs are: Al-Jawharia Spring in Al-Bataliyah Village, Najem Spring, Al-Harra Spring in Al-Mibriz, Um-Sabe’ Spring in Al-Shaqiq Village, Al-Khodoud Spring east of Al-Salihiyah quarter by Al-Hofouf, and Al-Hwairat spring at Al-Mitairfi Village. Theses springs are of the most important touristic entices as they form a touristic row that is of utmost beauty of human creation.

Al-Ahsa’ Museum for Archeology and Popular Heritage:

You must strive for visiting Al-Ahsa’ Museum for archeology and Popular Heritage and look at its traditional monumental acquisitions. By visiting this place you will find yourself inside an important cultural location with a touristic entice at the Eastern Region. This museum contains antiques, acquisitions, and archeological information that reflect the spiritual and secular heritage of the region.

Walid Al-Najem Traditional Museum:

Once you get to know some information about Walid Al-Najem Museum, you will soon want to visit it as you have an appointment

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to look at more than ten thousand rare ancient traditional pieces. In addition, you will see different conference rooms and courts beside the traditional shops that exhibit various hand crafts.

Al-Rushoud Museum:

It is a private museum which falls in a farm where nature adds a special charm to the location. Upon your visit to the museum, you will enjoy watching traditional tools and ancient pictures that will remain engraved in your memory.

Al-Zurman Museum:

Al-Zurman Museum awaits your visit. It opens its doors for visitors on Thursdays and Fridays. Hence appoint a day for your visit as of now.

Al-Na’eem Museum:

If you are interested in looking upon the compositions and the heritage books about the Kingdom, all you have to do is visit Al-Na’eem Private Museum. It also makes available for you ancient educative books with encyclopedias full of information about the life of King Sa’ud Bin Abdul-Aziz and King Fahed Bin Abdul-Aziz in addition to what is written about the servant of the two honorable mosques, King Adullah Bin Abdul-Aziz.

Al-Aquir Port:

Make sure that you visit Al-Aquir Port and enjoy watching its architectural compound consisting of:

Anchorage Harbor, traditional sailing boats, and The Customs Building.

Appoint a date for your visit to the harbor of sailing boats and shops and the

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customs yard to see what it houses of administrative buildings, and warehouses worth seeing.

Abu-Zuhmoul Tower:

Enjoy visiting Abu-Zuhmoul Tower, which is located in the western side of Al-Aquir Port, about one km away, near the Al-Aquir monumental site. From the architectural aspect, the tower is considered one of the important defensive towers and from the historical aspect; it is considered one of the most important towers related to Saudi Arabia’s history. It is mentioned that King Abdul-Aziz (God bless his soul) conferred inside it with Farouq, King of Egypt, and other British figures.

Jabal Qara:

Strive on visiting Jabal Qara which is considered as one of the most important touristic places in Al-Ahsa’ Governorate. This mountain is itemized by cultural and environmental constituents that make it an important destination for visitors. During your visit, you will appreciate watching the mountain’s fascinating natural rocky formations and its deep and interlocked caves. It is believed that these caves were places of settlement for the ancient human kind. In addition to that,

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you can enjoy looking at the workshop of traditional pottery industry.

Al-Qateef Governorate Al-Qateef is one of the most important agricultural Oases in the Eastern Region. It is rich with its spiritual and secular heritage, as well as the architectural, agricultural, maritime, literary, and artistic heritage. Of its most important locations we mention:

Al-Zarib Quarter by the Castle Area:

All quarters of the castle area in the middle of the city of Al-Katif vanished except Al-Zarib Quarter which remains as the only witness on the traditional architecture in the city. It is one of the most important heritages in the Eastern Region if not the best and the most favorable one worthy of your visit. The Quarter falls in the northern western side of the castle area. It is a compound of attached houses with two or three floors separated from one another by narrow streets that get wider in some places to become courtyards able to hold touristic festivals and activities.

The Thursday Market at Al-Qateef:

If you are fond of public heritage, make it a must to visit the Thursday Market in Al-Qateef where you will enjoy looking at all non-materialistic and materialistic heritage elements in this popular market that is held on Thursday of every week.

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Tarout Island Tarout Island Al-Deera:

In the fascinating Tarout Island Aread, the Arabian Gulf has a special charm, whereby Tarout Island stands full of ruins and monuments that bear witness a history and confirm the antiquity and opulence of this eternal area. Therefore, do not deprive yourself from the joy of being in Al-Deera, the oldest city in the Island. See with your own eyes its narrow alleys and attached houses and enjoy its Islamic decorations and arches.

Tarout Castle:

In addition to the magnificent sights Tarout Island, there is the castle whose beauty complements this artistic view. In order to keep your imagination inspired, imagine the wide wall that was surrounding the castle. What a magnificent place!

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Dareen Island Dareen Island:

Prepare yourself for a touristic trip full of an everlasting fun that will never leave your mind or sentiment. Dareen Island is distinguished by the existence of cultural and environmental constituent factors that qualify it to be an available distinguished touristic location for your visit. Thus make sure that you visit Dareen and appreciate the beauty of its beach which is penetrated by sand, small pebbles, and rocks of varied sizes and colors. Do not miss Dareen’s monumental harbor which was once one of the most important harbors for fishing and pearl collecting on the Arabian Gulf. The beach of Dareen is also full of ancient sail boat remains that have became attractive touristic elements and important sites of which enchant the eyes of the visitors and captivate their sentiments.

Al-Jubail CityThe Island of Janna:

Covet on visiting the Island of Janna that is located in the Arabian Gulf, 30 Km away from Al-Jubail City. This island is distinguished by its cultural and natural constituent factors, as it has several archeological and inherited sights that go back to variable time periods in addition to several traditional palaces and buildings.

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North West of the Eastern RegionThe Historic Palaces:

Delight yourself by viewing a group of historical palaces in the north west of the Eastern Region, which forms an important touristic category on its own. What helps confirm this importance is the palaces connection to the history of the Third Saudi Country era, on one hand, and their distinguished geographical locations in the middle of the desert on the other. Of these palaces we mention:

Qasr Nuta’a – King Abdul Aziz Palace:

Nuta’a Palace falls in the north western side of Nuta’a Town, 35 Km away form Al-Na’iriyyah Governorate. This palace was built upon the order of his Majesty the forgiven King Abdul-Aziz in year 1349 Hijri, on a total area estimated at 11780 square meters. It was used as an administrative residence for the government at that time.

King Abdul-Aziz Palace by Al-Miaiqalah “Um Aqla”:

This palace is located in Hujrat Um Aqla by Al-Suman by the water valley. It was built upon the order of his Majesty the forgiven King Abdul-Aziz in year 1364 Hijri, on a total area estimated at 2512 square

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meters. It was used as a military barrack for protection. It was taken up as a center for governmental departments for reigning and customs. With regard to its touristic importance, this palace is as important as Qasr Nuta’a due to its connection to the Saudi history and due to its interior and exterior unique constructive formations which are still keeping their original shape.

Qasr Aali by Al-Olayya Village:

The Palace of Aali falls in the north eastern side of the village of Old Al-Olayya at 90Km far from Al-Na’iriyyah. The palace was erected upon the order of his Majesty the forgiven Kind Abdul-Aziz in the year 1355 Hijri on an over-all area estimated at 5477 square meters. His Highness, Prince Sa’ud Bin Jalawi , Al-Ahsa’ Governor supervised its construction. As for the architectural, historical, or functional importance, this palace does not differ from the previous palaces, as it has been used as a residence for government departments. The Palace was historically attached to the Third Saudi country. Its architecture was distinguished for being a unique model for the local style in building the fortresses and castles.

The Popular Souq by Al-Na’iriyyah:

You will not believe the richness your eyes can behold in this popular market, whether it is related to the social humane progress and cultural interchange, or to the varied crafty nutrient and non- nutrient production. All elements gain vitality in this market. There, life is all natural. Hence, we advise you to visit this distinguished market, the destination of shoppers from all Gulf Countries.

The Popular Souq by Hafr El–Baten:

Pay a visit to the popular market in the middle of Hafr El-Baten city and enjoy watching the social life, the various nutrient and non-nutrient products that the shops at this traditional market contain. Taste the flavor of the Bedouin food products cooked by Bedouin women that come from the heart of the desert.

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5. Visitor Guide to Heritage and Antiquities in the Northern Borders Province The Northern Borders Province is distinguished by uniqueness, hence your visit to the region will be distinguished to a large extent since it is rich with several valleys and planes such as: Wadi Ar’ar, Al-Uwaisi, and Wadi Badanah in addition to the mountains, hills, and gardens which grant your visit to the region a special and splendid dimension. From the most important traditional and historical locations that distinguish the region, there are:

The Emirate Palace in Ar’ar:

Make sure to visit the old Emirate Palace in Ar’ar and which was erected during the era of King Abdul-Aziz. It is considered one of the principal buildings that were constructed in the city at its establishing. The Palace houses a group of rooms that were used as offices for the employees in the Emirate, in addition to session rooms for the reception of the inhabitants of the region and its visitors.

Badanah Monuments:

Nature placed its print on that hilly-plain desert area where there are

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two hills separated by Badanah Valley. With this natural touch of beauty, there are spread archeological pieces and black rocks of distinguished shapes that the eye cannot mistake its charm and uniqueness.

Birkat Al-Thulaimah:

Start thinking about the visit of Al-Thulaimah Pool which is located near the city of Rafha’. This visit will give you happiness that only a visitor of this area has ever known and shared with you. Its magnificent view surprises you with its composition of two pools. The first one is rectangular to screen the water. The other one is circular made of stone and it has got stairs. Most certainly, you have now imagined the view and you are now thinking of a date for the visit.

Birkat Al-Jumaima:

Enjoy visiting Al-Jumaima Pool which is one of the pools of Zubaidah Road for the pilgrims. It is a square pool that was used to water the pilgrims. For this pool here is an important historic mark where there is, at its bottom, one of the signs of the past international Iraqi Saudi borders.

Zubala Monumental Palace:

Stand here at the ruins of history through watching this ancient palace that has nothing left of it except one section. And because its meaning raises questions to your mind, we hereby answer you quickly; this name is referred to a woman called Zubala Bint Mas’ood. You only have to extend your sight in this palace to discover that it is extended to an area close to 50 thousand squared meters approximately.

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Lina’s Village:

Beauty itself and all the originality are realized in the monuments of Lina’s Village. It is one of the most important traditional villages in the Kingdom; for it contains a lot of Monuments like the Emirate Palace. It houses archeological manuscripts that talk about its history and the year that it was built in. Its wall contains four circular towers, in addition to the palace mosque and its ancient water well. You deserve the enjoyment of visiting the old market of Lina which is considered one of the oldest commercial markets in the Northern Boarders where there are more than 300 commercial places that comprise all commercial activities.

Luqa Village:

Nature has chosen a distinguished sense for this village as it has a view over a hill which made it gain a unique scene. Here you are dazzled by the ruins of the ancient clay buildings whose number reaches about 20 houses. Also you can see with your own eyes a ruined ancient palace called The Palace of King Abdul-Aziz. There is nothing left of this palace except its foundations in addition to about 300 wells (Qalban) distributed over an area that does not exceed one square kilometer.

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6. Visitor Guide to Heritage and Antiquities in Al-Qaseem Province

Al-Qaseem occupies the middle center of the Arabian Island and it has prominent traditional and archeological sites. Its monuments go back to eras prior to Islam like its water sources some remains of its housing settlements in the desert, some sculptures and varied drawings on the rocks by the mountains. Of the Islamic monuments there are remains of the existing mines in Al-Noqrah mountains and many others. So let’s go on this journey that you will definitely benefit from when you witness the most outstanding heritage and archeological locations by Al-Qaseem. Some of them are:

Beit Al-Bassam:

During your stay in Al-Qasim Province, strive on visiting Al-Bassam Palace in the Unaizah Governorate which is considered one of the prominent monumental marks and a unique architectural art in its design as it represents the original Najdi house. You can watch the old manual crafts such as carpentry, leather tanning, wooden door carving, metallic industries, and some popular folklore.

Al-Khabra’ Al-Qadimah:

It enjoys charm as well as history. It is the ancient Khabra’ that contains a group of old traditional clay houses. It has a public courtyard in the middle which makes it a distinguished traditional village.

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The Palace of Kin Abdul-Aziz in Qubbah:

Enjoy the view of one of the largest palaces built during the past century. It is the palace of Qubbah which was built upon the order of King Abdul-Aziz. It was built of clay with one meter thick walls and its erection took a few years. The palace comprises rooms for a hospitable reception, a mosque, a jail, a water well, and five towers for surveillance.

Souq Al-Musokef:

Enjoy watching professions, manual crafts and public auctions in Al-Musokef public market that falls in the west of Unaizah Governorate next to the dates and vegetable market. Is style resembles the architecture of the old markets with its shops, alleys, councils, and courtyards. Its structure was completed at the expense of the sons of Sheikh Abdullah Al-Zamel at a total cost that exceeds four million Riyals. When you wander inside the market, you will feel as if went back in time due to the realistic view which the market reflects and which transfers the present and future generations to the past.

The Craftsmen Center:

The Craftsmen Center is considered one of the most enticing traditional locations that are worth visiting. The center falls in the middle of Buraida City, between the great mosque of the Servant of the Two Holly Mosques and the vegetable market. It is considered one of the sites of the beautiful city of Buraida due to its vintage architecture, its assets, and the distinguished craft industries that are practiced in it. In this market, the present generation looks at the old manual and traditional industries and crafts. It also shows the city visitors the inherited craftsman. In this market, the commercial

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deals of trade are concluded for several kinds of those inherited crafts and products.

Souq Al-Jardah in Buraida:

AlJardah Market will surprise you with its traditional and popular exhibits, its distinguished simplicity, and the diversity of its products. Our dear visitor, you will find the fun in wandering among the merchants and observing or buying from these products that are unique. The market is located in the middle of the city of Buraida near the fruit and vegetable market. In the old times, it was like the first starting station of departure of Al-Aquilat Caravans.

Abdul-Rahman Al-Yahya Museum:

A realistic joy filling your sentiments is made true by those monumental and traditional rarities from Najd and Kingdom, in addition to some rare things at the world level that this museum is swelled by.

Buraida Museum:

Explore the most prominent heritage of the area though visiting this museum that houses several acquisitions in addition to cultural, scientific, and historic halls. Visit the private suite of King Abdul-Aziz and see his private car. Enjoy the popular heritage through a hall assigned specially for that. In the museum library, look at the published compositions about Al-Qaseem Province. Truly, this visit will remain in your memories forever.

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Al-Rajihi and Al-Sweilem Compartments:

Enjoy this unique mixture of the past originality and the luxurious present which you will see embodied in Al-Rajihi and Al-Sweilem compartments. This adds to them a great value and unique attraction that cannot be resisted.

Al-Mozanab Village (Souq Al-Majliss):

Make up your mind and pay a visit to the village of Al-Mozanab and get acquainted to Souq Al-Majlis Al-Turathy (The Heritage Council Market). This is one of Al-Mozanab village’s architectural components and which gained the Prize of his Royal Highness Prince Sultan Bin Salman, for keeping the architectural heritage. The village is known by the name “Al-Deerat Quarter”. It is about 7Km away from the civilized city center of Buraida. The area of the village is about two squared Kilometers. It consists of several quarters that are penetrated by roads, paths, and courtyards in which tourisitc activities and festivals are held. The council market and the great mosque, Masjid Qasr Bahilah, form a starting point for the quarter and its main center is in the town.

Al-Ibri Private Museum:

This private museum introduces several antiques that Abdul-Rahman Al-Ibri inherited from his ancestors. This is an addition to a wide range of rare monumental pieces and ancient cars.

Al-Hamdan Heritage House:

Explore from a close distance Al-Najdi style and the style of the old life of the area by relief-like maquets and a creative method through this small house build by Ibrahim Saleh Al-Hamdan and which was later on reassigned as a private museum.

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Al-Shananah Tower:

When you visit Al-Shananah Village, you will find that your steps carry you to one of the most famous archeological points in the village. It is the extremely magnificent Al-Shananah Tower; as it takes a semi conic shape with a circular base. It is built of clay and its components convey the true details of the Saudi heritage. In the tower wall, you will find few pits to help in descending from one floor to another. All this makes your visit distinguished and magnificent.

Mared Dam:

Sailing in history is possible through your visit to Mared Dam that the Ministry of Water and Agriculture built on the rubbles of the ancient Mared Dam that Sultan Mared had erected to reserve water for utilization and to protect his palace.

The Old Town (Oyoun Al-Jawa’):

Witness a compound of clay buildings that exist in an integrated traditional area that tell you about the architectural heritage of Al-Najd Region through its housing buildings, its narrow streets, and its ancient market of which a part was renovated. Also enjoy seeing some tunnels that join between some wells. Hosat Al-Nasalah:

Give yourself the chance of seeing a natural rock that carries ancient scripts that are believed to be a witness on the love story that joined Antarah to Ablah. This gives this monumental location a special nature.

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7. Visitor Guide to Heritage and Antiquities in Tabouk Province Your visit to Tabouk will not be prone to forgetfulness, as your memory will register what this city contains regarding ancient monuments like housing buildings, casles, and historic mosques. This is not all; you will also see with your own eyes tracks for Al-Hijaz train railway which the Ottoman State constructed to link Damascus to Al-Madinah Al-Munawarrah in the year 1900AD. So let us join this tour that will take you to the most prominent archeological and traditional sites in Tabouk, of which are:

Tabouk City

Zat Al-Haj Castle

One of the rocky castles that were built to support and protect pilgrims during the Ottman rule era. This Castle might have been built at the time of Ottman Sultan Sulaiman Al-Qanouni in 1563AD, and then reconstructed at the time of Sultan Abdul Majeed the first in 1849AD.

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Masjid Tabouk or Masjid Al-Tawbah:

The holiness of this place urges you to visit it, so hurry up. In the center of Tabouk lies the mosque that gained its importance from the Messenger’s (peace be upon him) prayers in it for a few tens of nights during the invasion of Tabouk. The mosque was built of clay. It was renovated in the Ottoman Period then again during the life time of King Faisal Bin Abdul-Aziz (May God bless his soul).

Tabouk Ancient Castle:

This castle is distinguished by its antiquity and originality. It is the ancient Tabouk monumental castle which was built by Al-Sultan Suleiman AL-Qanouni in year 1559AD. It has been renovated several times and it has a water spring called Ein-Al-Sukkar.

Al-Hijazi Railway Station by Tabouk:

When you visit this station, you will imagine travelers’ convoys traveling on trains between Damascus and Al-Hijaz. The station was installed in year 1906 AD; it was destroyed in the 1st world war then it was renovated.

Al-Akhdar Castle:

Live moments of real touristic enjoyment by visiting Al-Akhdar Castle which is considered one of the most exposed Ottoman Castles of a special historic importance; as it was a center to monitor the pilgrims and protect them.

Al-Mu’azzam Castle:

The visit to the historic castles has a special scent. Do not let go of the joy of visiting Al-Mu’azzam squared castle, which is one of the largest Ottoman castles that was used to observe pilgrims and protect them.

Shu’aib (Medyan) Caverns by Al-Beda’:

Be a witness on the succession of several civilizations which inhabited Shu’aib caverns. It is one of the most important archeological and the most archaic sites. They exhibit monuments about Nabtian life and is considered unique and distinguished by its constructive units.

Al-Zuraib Castle:

Stand still and consider that unique architectural style of Al-Zuraib Castle that was built of stone and goes back to the Ottoman Era. Enjoy yourself watching its unique architectural style and see with your eyes its four towers that enchant the hearts and minds of all viewers.

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The Old Area by Amlaj:

Enjoy the visit of the old area in Amlaj to see that the area is abounded by traditional stone buildings that are distinguished by decorated wooden doors and windows. Visit the area and mark your presence in the market castle. Wonder in the old market and enjoy the distinguished view over the Red Sea whereby the beauty of nature and the charm of the unique place are combined.

Amlaj Castle:

Discover the Ottoman architecture details in Amlaj Castle whose date goes back to the Ottoman ruling period. The type of this castle is of distinguished heritage consisting of two floors made of rock and limestone.

Tayma’ City

Tayma’ Museum:

Tayma’ museum is considered one of the important provincial museums so yearn for visiting it. There, you will see several halls with enticing types of traditional and archeological acquisitions in addition to historic documents that reflect the spiritual and materialistic heritage.

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Haddaj Well:

Listen to history when you visit Haddaj Well as it is one of the largest monumental wells is the world. Its age goes back to the middle of the first thousand year B.C. It is 13 meters deep with an area of 250 square meters. It was also mentioned in the books of many great explorers.

Al-Hamra’ Palace:

A visit to Al-Hamra’ Palace grants you a chance to stand in from of a unique historic monument. There you can look at the remains of an archaic stone palace that goes back to the sixth century B.C.

Diba’ Governorate

King Abdul Aziz Castle in Diba’:

One of the most important castles in Diba’. It was built in 1352 Hijri to be the center for the Emirate. It was later restructured to be a museum comprising the region’s civilization and the Kingdom’s history.

Al-Mowayleh Castle:

A main station on the Egyptian Pilgrimage Road. It was built at the time of Sultan Sulaiman Al-Qanouni in 968 Hijri. It is considered the biggest castle in the region.

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8. Visitor Guide to Heritage and Antiquities in Al-Jouf Province

As each individual has its own distinguishing print, Al-Jouf Province has an individual character that makes it a unique region with an uncommon specialty. Historic evidence confirms that the age of Al-Jouf Region goes back to more than four thousand years. Some of these proofs are monuments, some old military barracks, and some acquisitions that were found in several locations. So, let us go on this journey that will make us inhale the scent of the past. Some of these locations are: Skaka City

Saisara Well:

Live moments of real touristic pleasure when visiting Saisara Well that falls in Skaka, beside Zu’bal Castle. The well is dug in the rocks at a very high place. Inside it, there is a carved ladder at its sides. From the stair base at its eastern side, there is an opening made to carry water to the rest of the city. There are also canals on the ground surface that are carved in the rock.

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Zu’bal Castle:

When you set foot in Al-Jouf, do not forget to visit Zu’bal Castle, as this beautiful and charming castle will remain stuck in your memory forever. It is built of clay and sand stones. It consists of a wall; surrounded by four towers for observation. You will be really amazed by those clay constructions that go back to the third century. This antiquity gives this castle a traditional and archeological importance in addition to its historic importance.

Al-Rajajil Monuments:

See with your own eyes the charm of Al-Rajajil monuments as there are stone columns that are believed to go back to the fourth millennium B.C. These monuments are located in a wide sandy plain with solid stone spread out creating a beautiful scene. This amazing image is complemented by the presence of alphabetical inscriptions and drawings on these stone columns, in addition to the palm farms that add to the whole location a unique charm.

Domat Al-Jandal City

Mared Castle by Domat Al-Jandal:

Enjoy visiting the monumental Mared Castle which is located in Domat Al-Jandal whose date goes back to the third century B.C. The castle was used as a residence for the city ruler, a place for housing the soldiers, and a fortress for the observation and defense of the city. There are four conic towers by the castle on its four sides.

Domat Al-Jandal Historical Wall:

Recall history through observing the Wall of Domat Al-Jandal, built of stone, and

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which goes back to the first century A.D. Some of its sections are ruins and others are buried under the sand.

Masjid Omar:

The holiness of the palace casts on the soul a peace of mind and serenity. That is how you will feel when visiting Omar’s Mosque in Domat Al-Jandal. It is believed that this mosque was constructed in the year 17 Hijri. You will observe the mihrab, mimbar, and the famous pyramid like shaped minaret of the mosque still standing in its previous position, as it is considered one of the oldest minarets in the Arabian Island.

Al-Dire’ Quarter:

When you stand in front of the ruins of Al-Dire’ Quarter, you will get an irresistible feeling flowing into your soul through the nobility and grandeur of this place which is located within the monumental area beside Masjid Omar. You will be astonished by sight of the attached stone houses of the quarter and their linked alleys. This quarter enjoys traditional monumental historic importance and it is integrated with neighboring touristic locations.

Domat Al-Jandal Museum:

You will sense an amazing blend of authenticity and modernism when visiting Al-Jouf Museum for Archeology and Popular Heritage. The museum falls beside the monumental area in the middle of Domat Al-Jandal. It houses several monuments and traditional antiquities that show various aspects of Al-Jouf’s civilization.

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The Private Museums:

Upon your arrival at Al-Jouf, make sure to visit the Private Museums like the Al-Nwaiser museum in Domat Al-Jandal. There, you will be pleased watching many exhibits, ornaments, and ancient tools in addition to a few precious stones, antique watches, ornaments and others. Also visit Al-Sheikh Fahed Al-Blaihed Museum in Skaka. This museum will dazzle you with its acquisitions of manuscripts, books, and antiques. You can also visit Al-Rashed Museum in Skaka.

Al-Grayyat City

Kaaf Village:

The genuine architecture sends you various messages through this village which is composed of attached clay houses. Palm and vegetable farms are spread in it. In the middle o the village, there is an old mosque built of stones, in addition to a school built according to the Islamic architecture style. When you visit the village, you will see several current sulfuric springs that are visited by a lot of people seeking treatment from skin ailments.

Al-Sa’eedi Castle:

The Monument of Al-Sa’eedi is located on the top of Jabal Al-Sa’eedi; north of Kaff Village. It was built with Black Basaltic stones. The castle is surrounded by a five meter high wall covering the whole mountain top area. The castle can be reached through a rough path that is about 1200 meters until the castle gate. The construction of this castle goes back to the Nabatean Era. During the Islamic Period, the Castle was used to protect the Pilgrims road passing by the region until the beginning of the Saudi Rule.

Caff Palace:

It is a war fortress erected on a medium high hill north east of Caff Village in the Grayyat Governorate. Its area is about 2700 square meters. It was made of lime stone in the year 1328 Hijri. Its construction is related back to the reign of Nawwaf Bin Sha’lan.

The Emirate Old Palace by Al-Hadithah:

It is constructed of black basaltic stone. It was erected in the year 1372 Hijri. It has been renovated recently. It is located in the west of the old Al-Hadithah Village; on the international road, about 5 Km far from the people’s settlement.

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9. Visitor Guide to Heritage and Antiquities in Al-Bahah Province Al-Bahah Province occupies a great important spot on the map of tourism in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for its wealth in varied traditional and archeological sites and for its location in the middle of the road between two tourisitic cities of Al-Ta’ef and Abha. You will be pleased when you visit Al-Bahah and explore its monumental villages, its distinguished heritage and historic locations. So, be ready for this tour which we will accompany you on to the most prominent touristic places in Al-Baahah Region, of which are:

Mas’oudah Village:

While you are in Al-Bahah, do not miss the chance of visiting the monumental Mas’oudah village, where you can witness the beauty of ancient pieces of different shapes and sizes. You can also see to the south of the village a huge cemetery that contains many old tombstones.

Thee Ein Monumental Village:

It is one of the most important thriving monumental villages in the Arabian Island. It is located on a medium mountainous height and rough undulation grounds. The village can be reached by Al-Baha

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steep asphalt road with 25 tunnels that link Al-Sarat to Tuhama. Thee Eid Village is at a 25 km distance away from the City of Al-Baha. It directly overlooks Wadi Rash where the basic form of the village forms a group of buildings leaned on each other, and separated by complicated rocky shields. Its builders were inspired to utilize foundations and walls for their building shown in an oval shape where all its buildings overlook the western side of the village. It is distinguished by its amazing palaces and buildings that are sitting on a mountain top of a magnificently designed shape. This shape demonstrates a civilization that was established in this region. Also, due to its location on a hill top, it overlooks a green orchard full of palm and banana trees and other various vegetables that increase the beauty of the site. This incites its inhabitants, despite their transfer to other neighboring areas, to come back and visit the site and look after their agricultural fields and cattle. In addition, the village is distinguished by the presence of a continuous water source from a current fountain all year round.

Al-Mald Fortress:

Live the joy of being present in this ancient monumental fortress whose two high towers bear witness on its significance. The condition of the fortress is good from the outside. Nonetheless, it is collapsed from the inside and needs to be renovated.

The Historic Pictures Museum:

The Historic Pictures Museum is a transportable private museum. You will be thrilled to visit it and see more than 2000 ornaments some of which go back to the Abbasi, Umawi, and Ottoman periods.

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The Elephant Road:

It is one of the most famous ancient sites in the north of Al-Aqiq Governorate that is 25 minutes far from the Al-Baha City. This ancient road is related to a famous historical story; it is the story of Abraha Al-Ashram who tried to destroy Al-Qa’abah. It shows the strength that could pave the stones and for long distances to facilitate the path of the elephants. The Baha Region was one of the stations that were used by Abraha’s large army that utilized the elephants during their transportations. After him, the monuments of the elephants and the rest of the houses remained for the army. They are about piles of stones that were built in a simple shape while most of the road parts are knocked down. There can be noticed some steps crossing the road for the draining of water torrents to protect the pavement. This road passes through the region on its way heading north towards Mecca and passing by the north of Al-Aqiq. The road also crosses a part of the eastern side of Al-Baha Region heading to Al-Hijaz; north of Jarb Mara Governorate, passing by Al-Ha’et Village north of Al-Ba’athiey Village.

Jabal Shada Al-A’la:

This mountain enjoys beauty as much as height. This is what you will discover when you visit the highest mountain of Shada which is distinguished by unique rocky formations and by the existence of some archeological sculptures on its surfaces. Besides, you can enjoy camping, and strolling in proper chosen location for that particular purpose.

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Al-Khalaf and Al-Khuleif Village:

It is an ancient village located on a hill top 5 Km away from Qulwah in the north dating back to the mid Islamic periods. In the village there is a mosque of a history that goes back to the tenth century Hijri. Its houses were built according to the old traditional style that follows Tuhama Region. This village is beautiful for its location overlooking Wadi Muhala that comprises the inhabitant houses of the village, its mosque, its cemetery and an underground path leading to a water well in the valley. From this village emerged many famous scholars. Of the most architectural prominent sites in Al-Khalaf town are the inhabited quarter and the annexed mosque, whereas Al-Khuleif is distinguished by the existence of cemeteries and mosques. Also sculptures and manuscripts have been found mostly written in Al-Koufi lines in both locations.

Ashem Village:

It is located in the south west of Al-Mekhwah Governorate at 45 Km far. Its age goes back to the year 100 Hijri and it was considered a rest house for Yemeni pilgrims during the ancient times. The village remained remnant houses and a mosque spread over a sandy hill and tomb stones indicating that this village had scientists and Sultans related to Hashem Bin Abdul-Muttaleb. Then it was shown through some prayers that there were manuscripted on the tombs. Also there are many scattered poetry lines in the site. Ashm is famous for a gold mine that was considered one of the largest gold mines in the Arabian Island and the village. At present, they are mostly ruins buried under the sand and it is believed that the village vanished because of a famine that occurred in the year 462 Hijri.

Al-Sokah:

It is a traditional village containing a number of narrow houses and vast buildings

Bakhroush Castle:

It is located in the north west of Al-Qura Governorate. It is mainly an ancient village with high fences. It has two towers at the sides of the castle. There is a historical story for this castle; as the people remember that Bakhroush had an Ethiopian who fought against Mohammad Ali Pasha and conquered him in the year 1230 AD. The castle is attractive to see and observe.

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Bin Raqoush Houses:

These houses are located in Bani Sarr north of Al-Baha City. They belong to Bin Raqoush family that was famous for its leadership amongst all Zahran tribes. It is formed of a number of buildings in addition to a mosque. These houses are distinguished by the presence of amazing architectural details not to mention the historical heritage of Bin Raqoush family.

Al-Malad Village:

Al-Malad Village falls 3 Km south of Al-Baha City, on the leading road to Beljershi Governorate. The village is spread on hills overlooking Wadi Al-Malad. It is one of the very ancient villages in the region of Al-Baha. It forms one of the fortresses in the area and its village houses are built of natural stones. The village is distinguished by the presence of two castles (observing towers); neighboring each one and forming an attractive architectural shape.

Beit Al-Kadsa:

It falls in the middle of Beljirshi City (the historical quarter). The house is distinguished by its large area and its amazing architectural style. It contains two main structures separated by a yard. One structure has two floors and the other has three. It has exterior stairs built of stone in a distinguished method.

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Al-Thafeer Village:

It falls on the edge of Al-Baha center to the south. It is a site of great legacy and it was government quarters in the past. The village comprises a large group of old houses that have an attractive view. These houses were subjected to some modern development. All of them are elevated on a mountain edge overlooking Al-Baha city center. It is considered one of the most prominent historical areas in the region. There started the first official school in the year 1352 Hijri, during the rule of the Forgiven King Abdul-Aziz. Most of the inhabitants were working in agriculture.

Al- Zainat Tombs at Bani Kabeer:

The site is mainly a group of tombs in Badiah Bani Kabeer. The tombs are distinguished by their building height between one meter and two. Then they have been decorated at the top by Al-Marou white stones. These tombs are considered of the important historical shrines in the area which need thorough studies.

Raghadan Village:

It is north of Al-Baha City on the main road that is extended towards the north to Al-Ta’ef. The village is about 4 km from the city center. It is distinguished by having been one of the most important commercial centers in the region due to the presence of the Sunday Market every week. This market was one of the largest commercial markets in the region in the past. Also, Raghadan is centered among a group of villages in the city of Baha and it is famous for being close to Raghadan natural forest park.

The Ornamentals and Handcraft Souq:

The Ornamentals and Handcraft Souq is in the center of Al-Baha City. The souq consists of fourteen shops that were constructed according to the local agricultural style. There, the craftsmen practice the production of various kinds of inherited professional products in Al-Baha Region.

The Weekly Popular Souq:

The weekly popular Souqs in Al-Baha show the inherited traditional means and ways of selling and buying food and other products and tools in these markets of which are: The Popular Souq in Al-Baha, the Friday Souq in Al-Aqiq, the Tuesday Souq in Al-Mukhwah, the Old Souq in Beljershi whose commercial activity increases every Thursday of each week and the Monday Souq in Qulwah.

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10. Visitor Guide to Heritage and Antiquities in Aseer Province

Rest assured that your visit to Aseer will not be conventional. The mountain tops, the scenery overlooking the Red Sea, the greenery covering the many parks spread on the hills, and the valleys in the region will all leave an everlasting impressive effect on all visitors. Your trip to the traditional and monumental places in the region will fill your hearts with joy and happy sentiments and pleasant feelings. Of these locations we mention:

The Quarters of Heritage in Abha City:

The city of Abha is distinguished by its traditional neighborhoods with their unique heritage. Make sure you pay a visit to these quarters like Qabel Quarter, Al-Nusb Quarter, and Al-Bashtah Quarter. Enjoy watching the most beautiful traditional buildings with their alignment style and their attractive architectural texture which reflects the structural heritage of the region. Do not miss out on shopping from their craftsmen shops.

Bin Mu’teq Museum:

Plan to visit this magnificent museum and enjoy its exhibits of ancient tools and arms showing an important part of the region heritage. This museum is a significant touristic icon, so make sure not miss its visit.

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Al-Muftahah Impressionistic Village:

Live the joy of impressionistic arts during your visit to Al-Muftahah village in the middle of Abha City whereby you will observe the Al-Assirian inherited architecture embracing several impressionistic art studios and showrooms for the expressive sculptures and impressionistic paintings.

Jabal Nisab Castle:

In Jabal Nisab you can discover glances of the Ottoman Period History. Do not forget to enter the touristic promenade which is erected near the castle. In this promenade, there are all utilities and touristic services that guarantee you joy and satisfaction from the visit.

Shada Palace:

Look at the unique architectural mode of this palace which was built by Al-Sheikh Abdul-Wahhab Abu-Malhah in the year 1341 Hijri. Get acquainted to the heritage of the region which the museum of this palace displays.

Ibn Hamsan Heritage Village:

If you are a fan of exploring the cultural and traditional information that is related to the Region of Aseer, all you have to do is plan for the visit to the village of Ibn Hamsan. This village of full and heritage and it fills the visitor’s heart and mind with unforgettable legacy.

Qasr Abu-Malhah:

Qast Abu-Malhah is one of the distinguished icons in the Region of Aseer and which keeps you connected to its uniqueness and authenticity. When you stand in front of this palace and watch its unique architectural style, you will show all signs of astonishment and amazement as its ceilings and windows are all made of the rare ‘Ar’ar wood.

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Rijal Alma’ Village and Museum:

Be sure not to miss the trip to the village of Rijal Alma’ which is considered one of the most important traditional locations and which is full of amazing heritage. There you find unique style of buildings extending to eight floors. Its museum is abundant with unique types of stones. In the famous Alma’ Palace, which goes back 400 years, you will find more than 2000 antiques which when you lay your eyes on you’ll have to express your utmost admiration and astonishment.

The Heritage Villages of South Dhahran:

Covet yourself on visiting the villages of Dhahran which were like a strategic axis for the old international trade roads. During your visit you will enjoy watching these villages and knowing their cultural assets. Of them are:

Heedan Monumental village which is distinguished by its ancient high palaces like Al-Sarar Palace. Other villages are distinguished by their monumental locations in addition to their economic and historic importance, and the heritage of their original inhabitants. We also advise you to visit Dar Al-Irq Village by Al-Mouness. Enjoy watching its ancient castles, its monumental mosque, and its water wells which are engraved in rocks. Visiting Al-Irq Village will also enable you to have a look at its attractive hall with its high and aligned buildings, in addition to its unique engineered architecture.

‘Iya Valley:

Wadi ‘Iya extends for 20 Km from East to West. There, you will see tens of palaces, warlike castles and cemeteries built of stone and whose walls are decorated by Al-Maru white stones decorated by ornamental shapes that are of extreme beauty and magnificence.

The Popular Markets:

The folk markets in the cities and villages have a special distinctive mark. There, you can please yourself upon visiting the Tuesday Market in the center of Abha, the women market in Khamis Msheet, Souq Al-Wadiyain, Souq Surat Ubaidi, Souq Sabt Al-Alaya, Souq Ahad Rafidah, and Souq Farshah. Time flies when you wander in these markets and your heart will be filled with happiness and joy.

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11. Visitor Guide to Heritage and Antiquities in Jazan Province Your visit to the city of Jazan will be a visit to authenticity and history. There, you can find alphabetical monuments that go back to 8000 years B.C. Also, the name of Jazan was cited in Al-Ya’qoubi Book. Al-Hamadani, too mentioned it in his book “The Arabian Island Characteristics.” Accordingly, let us make a tour which you will enjoy by visiting the most traditional and ancient locations in Jazan, of which we mention:

Buyout Al-Adarisah:

If you are infatuated by the archeological locations, you must visit Buyout Al-Adarsah that falls in the north east of Sibya Governorate. They are now jus ruins of remained places and ancient palaces and buildings that were erected by the family of Al-Adarsah which ruled the region for several years.

Al-Ghareen:

There are many historical and aesthetic details that will make your visit to Al-Ghareen a very special touristic task: The location heights, the surrounding green farms, its richness, the various pottered fragments, and the foundations of housing buildings made of marine stones, in addition to the existent well in the location.

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The Boats Factory:

If you are interested in the marine heritage and its elements, you only have to visit the harbor of Jazan and enjoy seeing hundreds of old boats that used to plow the waves of the Red Sea. You will also watch the skilled boat makers while they are repairing and building boats of different kinds and sizes.

Beit Al-German by Quimah and the House of Ahmad Minwer Al-Rifa’i:

When you are in Jazan, do not forget to entertain yourself by visiting Beit Al-German or “The German Castle” which has an important strategic location due to its closeness to the international path for the Red Sea. Also, you have to visit the house of Ahmad Menwer Al-Rifa’i, for what it holds of privacy and uniqueness which you will discover upon visiting the place. The house was built by Ahmad Menwer Al-Rifa’i who is one of the largest pearl merchants in Fursan, in the year 1341 Hijri. What distinguishes it most is its construction of marine stone.

Al-Kadmi:

The ancient Al-Kadmi locations deserve your visit as the surprise overwhelms you when you watch its ancient traditional column crowns within the walls of its remaining ruins. Another reason for your amazement is seeing the conic columns and stone masses with handwritten inscriptions engraved on them, in addition to two neighboring holes carved in the middle of high rocks.

Jazan Museum for Archeology and Folk Heritage:

Definitely you look forward to visiting Jazan Museum for Archeology and Folk

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Heritage which is one of the prominent provincial museums. During your visit and wandering in its halls, you will be thrilled by watching various exhibits containing traditional ornaments and a group of illustrating maps and paintings that are exhibited in the most modern methods and the most developed means. Also, don’t miss seeing the museum annexes such as the laboratory, the lecture halls, and the forum halls.

Ibrahim Al-Najdi Mosque:

It is a monumental mosque in the center of Fursan Governorate. Its visit will grant you real touristic fun, as its age goes back to the year 1347 Hijri.

Qissar Village:

It is one of the most important heritage villages in Fursan Island. It is a calm village surrounded by Palm trees. You will be pleased when you make this visit and explore the village’s architectural texture and its traditional buildings that are built of substances native to the environment.

The Ottoman Castle:

Whoever visits Fursan Island without visiting Ottoman Castle misses a lot of the fun. This castle is considered one of the most important icons of ancient icons from the Turkish Era. The castle was used as a military region. It was erected in the beginning of the twentieth century and it falls to the north of Fursan City. The castle comprises establishments, forts, gates, wells, stables, and stores in addition to a place for housing. It was built of marine stone and its roof is made of steel and wood.

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12.Visitor Guide to Heritage and Antiquities in Najran province Najran is considered one of the eldest Arabic cities. Everywhere you go there you find many oases covered with palm trees with scattered traditional buildings. The Sarawat mountains which border Najran from the northwest makes it easy for residents to reach the cold high hills located there in a half hour. On the other hand, its being near to Robo’ Alkhali desert added unrivalled beauty and calmness to it. The most important cultural and heritage sites there are:

Alokhdoud city:

This city used to be known in the old days as Raqmat, the old capital of Najran. Within 25 Kilometers from Najran,you reach Taslal mountain where on its peak you find what was known Najran Ka’aba. It has been said that this Ka’aba was built in the same shape of the real Ka’aba by the tribes of Abdulmodan Bin Aldayyan Alharithy. The Arabs before Islam used to go there on pilgrimage for forty years. On the west of Najran valley (Rao’oum mountain) you notice a very old fascinating palace as well. Alokhdoud city is known as well because of the story the Jewish

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king Zou Nowas who enforced Najran residents to convert fron Christianity to Judaism, and when they refused to do so, he besieged as many, took them hostages, and burnt the rest in furrows as it is mentioned in Holy Quran (Al Hasher Sura).

Monumental Abar Hima Site:

This site is distinguished by the various, old, historical,and rocky murals.

The Province Historical palace:

This palace is considered a unique site due to the way it was constructed. It is situated in Abi Alsaud city in an area of 625 square meters. It was built first in 1361 Hijri at a time when king Abdulaziz was the ruler, and was planned and supervised by Prince Turki Almadi.This palace looks like an integrated castle surrounded by a high fence, with four circular beautiful towers at each corner. Inside the palace there is a well to support the surroundings with water. This well is very old and it is dated back to Pre-Islam period regarding the way it was built and the reddish white stones they were used to build its walls.

Popular Markets:

These include Aljanabi Souq, the women Souq, the Dates Souq, and the Popular Souq in Najran,the Sunday Souq in Dahda, the Monday Souq in Bani Sulaiman,the Tuesday souq in Bader Aljanoub, the Wednesday Souq near Al’am, the Thursday Souq in Alqabil. Another important souq which is charaecterized of being a reunion between the past and the present is the Poular Souq in Abi Saud .

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Al’an palace:

A very unique constructed palace located on the top of Al’an mountain.

Najran Heritage and Popular traditions Museum:

The total area of this museum is around 1693 square meters, and it is almost situated just 7Kms from Alffaisaliah Quarter, on the right bank of Najran valley between Aljorba on the west and Alqabel on the east and Alhomor mountain on the south and the circular avenue on the north.The museum contains around 278 cultural, historical, and archeological pieces.

Monumental villages:

In the middle of dates farm there you find a group of muddy monumental villages scattered at the borderlines of Najran. There you notice fancy and beautiful decorated buildings like Mishkat, Lijam,and Hodon villages.

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13. Visitor Guide to Heritage and Antiquities in Hael Province

Hael is considered a rich province in heritage due to the wide presence of historical murals which cover different history spans. Out of its important, antique, and cultural sites are the following:

Barazan Historical Souqs:

A group of souqs located in the middle of Hael city.

Um Sanmam Mountain:

A mountain rich of rocky murals reflecting the way of life all living creatures used to live in that region since 7000BC.

A’iraf Castle:

A strategic castle built in the middle of Hael city.Its massive defensive walls show both its greatness and importance to defend the city and its inhabitants.

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Alqashla Historical Palace:

A 60 Hijri two floors clay palace which is supervised now by Saudi Commission for Tourism and Antiquities.

Al Nayef Historical palace:

It was built by Atiq Bin Moslem Alfarhan in 1711 Hijri.The family members transformed the palace into a museum and enriched it with historical and rare weapons, pottery, coins, precious stones and mummified animals.

Al-Ha’et Monumental Village (Fedek):

It is an ancient city built of natural stones. Also, Al-Ha’et City (Fedek) is considered one of the oldest cities in the Arabian Island that was occupied by one of the Babylon Kings in the year 566 B.C. according to the Babylon History. It became prosperous after its conversion into Islam.

Ha’el Museum for Archeology and Popular Heritage:

It is one of the museums that belong to the Saudi Commission for Tourism and Antiquities. The museum consists of halls including exhibits, shows, and displaying materials about the most historical locations in the region in addition to some popular products.

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Ratt and Al-Manjour Ruins:

Ratt and Al-Manjour ruins fall at about 220 km to the southern west of Ha’el City. They are considered of the most important rocky mural sites that have been recently discovered. They, along with the drawings of Om Sanman in Jebah, represent the most ancient mural sites ever.

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