Heritage Conservation in Australia: An Examination of the Legislative Framework
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Lynne Armitage, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
&Janine Irons, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
Heritage Conservation in Australia: An Examination of
the Legislative Framework
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1. INTRODUCTION
Community and governments Objectives of paper
– Structures and frameworks– Where, why, what
Perspectives of– Value: market value– Heritage focus: built heritage– Geographic context: urban metropolitan– Property class: single unit detached
dwelling– Statutory listing perspective: City of
Fremantle Heritage List
2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage
HERITAGE
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LOCATION OF STUDY AREA
HERITAGE
MilanMilan
Fremantle Fremantle ____
FremantleFremantle
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2. CONTEXT
Tools for identification and management– Listing/designation/registration
Implications for land owners– On property value– Legal obligations? Statutory or non-statutory
control– Variable impact– Public versus private good
Research focus– Policy and regulatory aspects– 3-tiers of Australian government
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3. STATUTORY LISTING
International and community roots– Athens Charter, Venice Charter– Australian ICOMOS – Burra Charter– National Trust; Fremantle Society
Federal leadership– Australian Heritage Council (AHC) Act 1975
establishing Register of the National Estate– Hierarchy:
1. world/national significance = federal2. state significance = state responsibility3. local significance – delegated by state to
local gov’t
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3. STATUTORY LISTING
Issues in Western Australia– Variety of registers
• Table 1 in full paper refers • One international; 3 national; 4 state;
2 at LGA level– Scale of listing
• Across Australia 170,000 listed heritage places, 90% being listed at LGA level
• In WA about 17,200 properties are listed, with only 1,200 (approx 7%) being at the state level (WAPC)
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HERITAGE
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NATIONAL HERITAGE
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4. STATUTORY LISTING - NATIONAL LEVEL National and Commonwealth Heritage lists
– Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act 1999
– National list ‘outstanding heritage value’: e.g. Sydney Opera House; Great Barrier Reef; Sydney Harbour Bridge; Old Parliament House, Canberra; Uluru (Ayers Rock)
– Anyone can nominate a place for inclusion; then assessed by Australian Heritage Council
– Civil and criminal penalties for unauthorised actions– Evaluation criteria include: aesthetic, historic, scientific or social significance
such as rare or endangered features; association with significant people; spiritual association; importance for Indigenous tradition
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STATE HERITAGE
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5. STATUTORY LISTING - STATE LEVEL
Heritage of Western Australia Act (HWA) 1990- Administered by Heritage Council of WA :
State register for the recognition, management and protection of places
- Over 1,200 entries – mainly individual properties but some precincts; split of land uses; most are residential 28% with commercial, education or government all about 20% each
- Registration criteria: cultural heritage significance or special interest associated with cultural heritage
- Factors considered include: distinctive features; scarcity; unity of design; beauty; or by association with historic person, event, discovery; scientific or other contribution to knowledge
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LOCAL HERITAGE
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6. STATUTORY LISTING - LOCAL GOVERNMENT LEVEL
The third – local - tier of government- Municipal Heritage Inventories (MHIs) required
under Sec 45 HWA Act- Local threshold of merit for assessment mirrors State Register- Limited statutory protection mainly via local planning schemes
under Sec 26 of the WA Planning and Development Act 2005- State Planning Policy 3.5 (SPP 3.5) Historic Heritage
Conservation manages the sensitive interface of heritage protection and development pressure of heritage places
- A Model Scheme Text (MST) provides LGAs with guidance for their planning schemes re heritage management issues
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SAMPLE SUMMARY MHI ENTRY
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7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Objectives of paper– Structures and frameworks governing
heritage listing system – Legislative system: 3-tiers, following
government – Robust, flexible system: promotes
certainty– Complementary costs: burden falls on
individual owners– Further study (recently completed) will
identify the impact on price through empirical research – survey of Fremantle – listed vs non-listed dwellings
2010 ERES Milano – Irons and Armitage
HERITAGE