Herbs Lindsay Brown, Kerstin Brueck, Daron Flory.
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Transcript of Herbs Lindsay Brown, Kerstin Brueck, Daron Flory.
What is an herb? Herb- 1. A ______________ annual,
biennial or perennial that does not develop persistent woody tissue but dies down at the end of a growing season.
2. A plant or plant part valued for its medicinal, savory or aromatic qualities.
Some stats…
13,000 plants are used medicinally 550 are commercially available in the U.S. The FDA approves 279 as _______ or
food ingredients
Some facts In 1996, ___% of American adults
reported using herbs. 3.24 billion dollars were spent on herbs According to a survey, 34% of people had
used at least one “unconventional therapy”
Some facts 10% had seen an herbal practitioner 45% were seeking alternative tx for
anxiety, and 35% for depression
Are herbs safe?
There is a current lack of ______________ in the U.S. regarding herbs.
-Many people think that just because a product is labeled “natural” or “organic,” that it is completely safe-this is not true.
Cont…-Our bodies do not distinguish between
organic & ______________ drugs- tries to metabolize both the same
-In telephone survey about depression in ’99, majority believed herbs were safer than prescription drugs
Vazquez, R.(2001). Professional Psych: Research and Practice. V. 32 p.329
FDA regulation
1962-FDA issued strict guidelines on safety and efficacy testing requirements for ______________.
1972-FDA began a comprehensive review of all OTC products.
Modern herb industry (after 1965) held the FDA in great suspicion and avoided interaction with them-resulting in herbal products being taken out of OTC med’s
Cont.
Since herbs are out of the new drug and OTC business, the botanical industry has no choice but to offer their products as ______________
Bad relations between FDA and Herb companies led to the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA)-
DSHEA
-clearly says what a dietary supplement is and what it is not.
-not ______________.-Unsafe if it presents risk due to regular use-The claims on the label must be truthful and
not misleading.
DSHEA cont.
“This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to treat, cure, or ______________ any disease.”
Herbs have to be labeled as “dietary supplement” and must be scientifically researched
Herb has to be manufactured under current good manufacturing practices (GMP’s)
Bottom line…
DSHEA basically assured the American consumers when it comes to using herbal supplements
Use of Ginkgo, St. John’s wort, kava-kava and valerian for mood, emotions, and mental states has increased dramatically
Ex.-Sale of Ginkgo increased by 66.8%, sale of St. John’s wort by 189.7% from 1997-1998.
St. Johns Wort One of the most popular herbal remedies
in Europe and the U.S. Sale of SJW totaled 6 billion in ’98, rose
2800% in one year alone. It comes from the Hypericum Perforatum
plant, which is cut and gathered at the start of the ______________.
Vazquez, R.(2001). Professional Psych: Research and Practice. V. 32 p.329
Effects of SJW Depression
The most widely publicized alternative treatment for depression.
OCD Significant decrease on scores on the Yale-Brown
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Scale, which is similar to that found in clinical trials of standard prescription anti-depressants.
Vazquez, R.(2001). Professional Psych: Research and Practice. V. 32 p.329
Problems with SJW Side effects
Nausea, heartburn, loose bowels, jitteriness, ______________, fatigue, Phototoxic rash, and fatigue.
______________ has a positive correlation with increased side effects.
Vazquez, R.(2001). Professional Psych: Research and Practice. V. 32 p.329
Kava-kava Originated in South Pacific Islands It is an extract from the ______________ Plant Consists of compounds related to anaesthetic,
sedating, anticonvulsive, muscle-relaxant, and sleep properties
Brown R.; Gerbarg, P(2000). American Psychiatric Press Review of Psychiatry, v.19
Kava-kava treatment uses
Fear Anxiety-related disorders Tension Stress Mild depression
Kava-kava compared
favorable to Benzodiazepines
anti-depressants
Brown R.; Gerbarg, P(2000). American Psychiatric Press Review of Psychiatry, v.19
Plus and minuses Positives
______________, learning, memory enhancement Short-term memory processing
Negatives Side Effects
Liver damage, gastrointestinal disturbances, allergic skin reactions, movement disorders, attention deficits
Most side effects are dose-response
Brown R.; Gerbarg, P(2000). American Psychiatric Press Review of Psychiatry, v.19
Omega-3
Component in Fish oils______________ fatty acid
Prevalent consumption in fish eating countriesE.g., Japan, Taiwan, China
Rees, A.; Austin, M.; Parker, G.(2004). School of Psychiatry, U of South Wales
Physiological Effects
Helps with:AsthmaCystic FibrosisRheumatoid arthritis
Reduced morning ____________, reduced number of swollen joints, and joint pain.
Ruxton, C.; Reed, S.; Simpson, M.; Millington, K.(2004). The British Dietetic Association. V. 17 p.449
Psychological Effects
Helps increase fluidity in neuronal membranes and help regulate neurotransmittersDepressionBipolar DisorderDementia
Ruxton, C.; Reed, S.; Simpson, M.; Millington, K.(2004). The British Dietetic Association. V. 17 p.449
Sam-e (S-adenosyl-methionine)
A nutrient or dietary supplement Used by more than a million people in
Europe for certain treatments Boosts levels of neurotransmitters
Related to Omega-3’s function
Brown R.; Gerbarg, P(2000). American Psychiatric Press Review of Psychiatry, v.19
Treats
Depression______________
Osteoarthritis Age-related memory impariment
Brown R.; Gerbarg, P(2000). American Psychiatric Press Review of Psychiatry, v.19
Side effects
Appears to have among the fewest side effects of herbal remedies
The main side effectA state of _________ in patients who had
bipolar disorder Appears to work well with other
medications
Brown R.; Gerbarg, P(2000). American Psychiatric Press Review of Psychiatry, v.19
Ginkgo Bilboa
From the tree family of Ginkgoacae Used for 5000 years Increases cerebral blood flow
Mattes; Pawlik (2004). Human Pharmocology;
Increases in the brain
Memory Concentration ______________
Helps with some cognitive disorders
E.g., Alzheimer’s disease
Mattes; Pawlik (2004). Human Pharmocology;