THE CARE AND THE CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF MAINTENANCE OF

OFF-THE-ROAD TIRESOFF-THE-ROAD TIRES

AGENDAAGENDA

• Common Failures of Off-The-Road TiresCommon Failures of Off-The-Road Tires

• Preventative MaintenancePreventative Maintenance

– Underfoot ConditionsUnderfoot Conditions

– Project OperationsProject Operations

– Vehicle ConsiderationsVehicle Considerations

– Tire/Wheel/Valve HardwareTire/Wheel/Valve Hardware

– InflationInflation

COMMON FAILURESCOMMON FAILURES

• PuncturesPunctures

• CutsCuts

• Cut SeparationsCut Separations

• Tread/Belt SeparationsTread/Belt Separations

• Heat SeparationsHeat Separations

• Turn Up SeparationsTurn Up Separations

• Impact BreaksImpact Breaks

• Over DeflectionOver Deflection

PUNCTURESPUNCTURES

Cause Cause – – Small, Hard Object PenetratesSmall, Hard Object PenetratesTread, Carcass and Inner LinerTread, Carcass and Inner Liner

ResultResult –– Air Loss and Loss ofAir Loss and Loss ofCarcass StrengthCarcass Strength

CureCure –– Tire Can Usually Be RepairedTire Can Usually Be Repairedand Returned to Serviceand Returned to Service

CUTSCUTS

TypesTypes –– Cut through, Cut into Carcass,Cut through, Cut into Carcass,Tread and SW CutsTread and SW Cuts

Cause Cause – – Sharp Rock on Landing, HaulSharp Rock on Landing, HaulRoad, or Dumping AreasRoad, or Dumping Areas

ResultResult –– Depending on Type –Depending on Type –Cut Separation, CarcassCut Separation, CarcassWeakening, Air LossWeakening, Air Loss

CureCure –– Skiving or RepairingSkiving or Repairing

CUT SEPARATIONSCUT SEPARATIONS

Cause Cause – – Normal Shear Forces in aNormal Shear Forces in aWorking Tire After Cut DamageWorking Tire After Cut DamageHas Already OccurredHas Already Occurred

ResultResult –– Heat Build-Up and ConsequentHeat Build-Up and ConsequentIncrease in Size of SeparationIncrease in Size of Separation

CureCure –– Early Detection and SkivingEarly Detection and Skivingor Repairingor Repairing

TREAD/BELT TREAD/BELT SEPARATIONSSEPARATIONS

Cause Cause – – Shear Forces Which ExceedShear Forces Which ExceedTread/Belt or Belt/CarcassTread/Belt or Belt/CarcassInterface ResistanceInterface Resistance

ResultResult –– Component SeparationComponent Separationand Tire Failureand Tire Failure

CureCure –– NoneNone

HEAT SEPARATIONHEAT SEPARATION

Cause Cause – – Excessive TMPH RequirementsExcessive TMPH Requirementsor Brake Heator Brake Heat

ResultResult –– Tread or Bead Area Separation Tread or Bead Area Separation – – Rubber ReversionRubber Reversion

CureCure –– Normally NoneNormally None

TURN UP SEPARATIONTURN UP SEPARATION

Cause Cause – – Excessive Shear and/or BendingExcessive Shear and/or BendingForce in Bead Area. Excess LoadForce in Bead Area. Excess LoadCausing Tire to “Bend” over TopCausing Tire to “Bend” over Topof Flange.of Flange.

ResultResult –– Heat Buildup and SubsequentHeat Buildup and SubsequentSeparationSeparation

CureCure –– Proper and Evenly DistributedProper and Evenly DistributedLoading of VehicleLoading of Vehicle

IMPACT BREAKSIMPACT BREAKS

TypesTypes –– Impact Break, Impact BruiseImpact Break, Impact Bruise

Cause Cause – – Excessive Impact EnergyExcessive Impact EnergyLoading Beyond BreakingLoading Beyond BreakingStrength of CarcassStrength of Carcass

ResultResult –– Immediate Air LossImmediate Air Loss(Blow Out) or Damaged Cords (Blow Out) or Damaged Cords Causing SeparationCausing Separation

CureCure –– NoneNone

OVER DEFLECTIONOVER DEFLECTION

Cause Cause – – Under Inflation, Under Inflation, OverloadingOverloading

ResultResult –– Carcass Fatigue, Heat Carcass Fatigue, Heat Fatigue, Radial Cracking, Fatigue, Radial Cracking, Liner Failure, IrregularLiner Failure, IrregularWear PatternsWear Patterns

CureCure –– NoneNone

Underfoot ConditionsUnderfoot Conditions

PREVENTATIVE PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCEMAINTENANCE

Off the road presentationOff the road presentation Goodyear TireGoodyear Tire 10751-1(10751xx1)10751-1(10751xx1) 5/2/97 MC5/2/97 MC 22

PREVENTATIVE PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCEMAINTENANCE

Project OperationsProject Operations

PREVENTATIVE PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCEMAINTENANCE

Vehicle OperationsVehicle Operations

PREVENTATIVE PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCEMAINTENANCE

Tire/Wheel/Valve HardwareTire/Wheel/Valve Hardware

IMPROPER BEAD SETTINGIMPROPER BEAD SETTING

Area ofArea ofExcessive Excessive

FlexureFlexure

Bead Not Properly SeatedBead Not Properly SeatedBead Properly SeatedBead Properly Seated

G RingG RingG RingG Ring

DUAL TIRE ASSEMBLYDUAL TIRE ASSEMBLY

• Same Diameter SizeSame Diameter Size

• Same Construction TypeSame Construction Type

• Same ManufacturerSame Manufacturer

• Same ConstructionSame ConstructionAcross an AxleAcross an Axle

MatingMating

PREVENTATIVE PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCEMAINTENANCE

InflationInflation

CORRECT TIRE INFLATIONCORRECT TIRE INFLATION

• Assures Load Carrying AbilityAssures Load Carrying Ability

• Reduces Incidence of Run LowReduces Incidence of Run Lowor Run Flator Run Flat

• Reduces Incident Separation Failures Due to Reduces Incident Separation Failures Due to OverdeflectionOverdeflection

• Reduces Impacts and Tread Cutting Due to Reduces Impacts and Tread Cutting Due to OverinflationOverinflation

• Saves MoneySaves Money

Underinflation (%)Underinflation (%)

H

ours

(%

)H

ours

(%

)

2020

3030

4040

5050

6060

7070

8080

9090

100100

00 1010 2020 3030 4040 5050

SOUND INFLATION SOUND INFLATION PROGRAMPROGRAM

• Conscientious Personnel Who Appreciate Conscientious Personnel Who Appreciate Importance of Proper InflationImportance of Proper Inflation

• Cap on Every ValveCap on Every Valve

• Accurate Pressure GaugesAccurate Pressure Gauges

• Cold Check Whenever Possible –Cold Check Whenever Possible –Ideally WeeklyIdeally Weekly

• Daily Hot Pressure ChecksDaily Hot Pressure Checks

INFLATION PRESSUREINFLATION PRESSURE

• Proper Inflation Pressure Is the Single Most Important Feature of a Proper Inflation Pressure Is the Single Most Important Feature of a Good Tire Maintenance ProgramGood Tire Maintenance Program

• Proper Inflation Pressure Is Dependent UponProper Inflation Pressure Is Dependent Upon– Load/OverloadLoad/Overload– SpeedSpeed– Type of ServiceType of Service– Tire TypeTire Type– Designed (%) DeflectionDesigned (%) Deflection

• ““Published” Inflation Pressures Are for Standard LoadsPublished” Inflation Pressures Are for Standard Loads• In General . . . When Overloads Are Encountered . . .In General . . . When Overloads Are Encountered . . .

The Inflation Pressure Should Be Increased 2% for Each 1% of The Inflation Pressure Should Be Increased 2% for Each 1% of OverloadOverload