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Helmut Oeschler Darmstadt University of Technology
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Helmut Oeschler
Darmstadt University of Technology
Transition from Baryonic to Mesonic Freeze Out
SQM2006, March 28th, 2006
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1. Experimental observation of maximal strangeness content around 30 A GeV
comparison with Statistical model
NPA 697(2002) 902
2. Freeze-out condition changes Phys. Lett. B615 (2005)
3. Possible deviation from usual freeze out around 30 A GeV?
4. Strangeness content of a ``corresponding´´
QGP
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Chemical Freeze Out
J. Cleymans and K. Redlich, PRL 81 (1998) 5284
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Baryons
Stat. Mod. : All exhibit maxima, but at different locations
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Mesons
Stat. Mod. : Only K+/π + exhibits a maximum!
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Maximum Strangeness around 30 AGeV
P. Braun-Munzinger, J. Cleymans, HO, K. Redlich, NPA 697(2002) 902
λS = 2 sŝ/(uū+ dđ)
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Transition from baryonic to mesonic freeze out
entropy prop to T3
J. Cleymans, H.O., K. Redlich, S. Wheaton, Phys. Lett. B615 (2005)
Meson dominated
Baryon dominated
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Transition
At this transistion the freeze out condition is changing!
Deviations from the simple unique freeze out possible?
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S.Wheaton,
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S. Wheaton et al., to appear
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Freeze-Out Volume from HBTD. Adamova et al., CERES, PRL 90 (2003)
√√
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K-/K+ Ratio from SIS up to RHIC
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T(K-) < T(K+) at 1 – 2 A GeV
10-3
1
103
0 0.25 0.5
x101
x102
x103
x105
K+
Au+Au, 1.5AGeV
Ec.m.-m0c2 [GeV]
10x 2
10x 3
10x 4
10x 6
K-
θlab=40o±4o
0 0.25 0.5
A.Förster, KaoS Collab., PRL 91 (2003) 152301
K+
K-
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Strangeness Content
A. Schmah et al., TU Darmstadt
Hadron gas Ideal gas of quarks
NPA 697(2002) 902
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Why do we observe the strangeness
content of a Hadron Gas and not of a
Quark Gluon Plasma?
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R.V. Gavai and S. Gupta, PRD 65 (2002) 094515
λs ~ χS / χu
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• Observation qualitatively agree with Stat. Model. But deviations are seen!
• Different location of maxima as a test?
• Early freeze out of K+? Would increase its yield!
• Equilibrated quark gas would give a very high yield of strangeness!
Thank you!
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Thank you!
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Expected Centrality Dependence (SM)
Pion density
n(π) = exp(-Eπ/T)
Strangeness is conserved!
Kaon density
NN N Λ K+
n(K) = exp(-EK/T)
[g V ∫ … exp[-(EΛ-µB)/T]
J. Cleymans, HO, K. Redlich,
PRC 60 (1999)
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Qualitative agreement! Except for AGS!
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AGS
Au+Au 6 A GeV
P. Chung et al.,
E895 Coll.
PRL 91(2003)
Updated
M ~ (Apart ) α
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All these observation agree with a hadron gas at chemical equilibrium
What did we learn?
Many arguments that „QGP“ has been formed.
1.What dynamics causes freeze out?
2. Where do we observe quark degrees?
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Strangeness Enhancement
Data: WA97 New: NA57 Theory: S. Hamieh, K. Redlich A. Tounsi, PL B486 (2000) 61
Strangeness enhancement as a signal of QGP?
Canonical strangeness suppression?
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λS = 2 sŝ/(uū+ dđ)
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SIS: nuclear EoS, K+ and K-: Different freeze out
K- via strangeness exchange
SIS and AGS: Strangeness exchange important
Ξ at 6 AGeV yield in agreement with Stat. Mod.
Max. strangeness content around 30 AGeV
Transition from Baryonic to Mesonic Freeze Out
RHIC: Statistical model works very well
LHC:?
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SIS: nuclear EoS, K+ and K-: Different freeze out
A. Förster et al.,(KaoS Coll.) PRL 91 (2003)
SIS and AGS: Strangeness exchange important
J. Cleymans et al., PLB 603 (2004)
Transition from Baryonic to Mesonic Freeze Out
J. Cleymans et al., Phys. Lett. B 615 (2005)
RHIC: Statistical model works very well
And beyond!
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At LHC particle production will be dominated by hard processes!
Jets!
Will this destroy the simple picture (SM)?
More strangeness due to faster decay from the QGP?
Less strangeness due to fragmentation?
Will one observe a hadronic composition in jets as expected from the two parameters T and μB ?
Interesting already in pp collisions
… v2, jet quenching, heavy flavor,…
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P. Braun-Munzinger, J. Cleymans, HO, K. Redlich, NPA 697(2002) 902
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Do the slopes make a consistent picture?
Ni+Ni 1.93 AGeV
F. Uhlig, TU DA Diss.
Protons, K+ and pions
cross
K- differ!
T(stat. Model) = 74 MeV
PRC 59 (1999)
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Transition
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√
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A. Mischke, Ph.D. thesis
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Statistical Model
P. Braun-Munzinger, D. Magestro, K. Redlich, J. Stachel, PL B518 (2001) updated
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Statistical Model
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Statistical Model for SIS
J. Cleymans, H. O., K. Redlich, PRC 59 (1999)
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Ebeam[AGeV]
K+
K-
0
100
200
05 10 15 20
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Dynamics of K+ and K-
K+ yield established early by the high-density phase, not changed due to s-conservation (K+ from the interior)
K+ slopes (and angular distributions) dominated by rescattering
K- yield established late by Λ and π concentration (K- from the surface)
Even if K- from a thermal source of Λ and π, T(K-) is smaller than T(source). Only those K- are observed which did NOT had an interaction
Stat. Model describes the ratios, but does not describe T(K- ).
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K- and K+ are linked
Au+Au and Ni+Ni 1.5 AGeV
A. Förster, F. Uhlig et al., KaoS PRL 91 (2003) 152301
dashed line: stat. Model
K- and K+ are linked via strangeness exchange
Λ π -> K- N
„Law of mass action“
J. Cleymans, et al. PLB603(2004)
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Maximum around 30 A GeV