Heavy metals in urban green cuttings -...
Transcript of Heavy metals in urban green cuttings -...
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Department of
Grassland Science and Renewable
Plant Resources
Heavy metals in urban
green cuttingsPiepenschneider, Meikea; De Moor, Sofieb;
Hensgen, Franka; Michels, Evib; Meers,
Erikb; Wachendorf, Michaela
aDepartment of Grassland Science and Renewable Plant Resources, Kassel
University, Steinstrasse 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, GermanybDepartment of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University,
Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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COMBINE and further
• IFBB technique with main focus on municipal green
waste
Residual biomass: roadside green, leaf litter, …
Power demand
• Integration in existing energy supply and waste disposal
systems
• Main challenges: logistics, public relations
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Potential
Fuller & Gaston, 2005
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Potential – Example: Berlin
21,000 t FM green cuttings
7,000 t DM
5,600 t DM press cake (LHV 17 MJ/kg)
95,200 GJ
2,600 households (100 kWh/m2)
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Heavy metals
• No clear definition of „heavy metals“
• In this study: Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn
• Micronutrients, but toxic in higher concentration
http://www.arm-alysis.de/2011/04/04/bestimmung-
schwermetalle-nach-der-verpackungsverordnung-eu-
richtlinie-9462eg/
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Sketch of roadside environment
Werkenthin et al. (2014)
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Urban sources of heavy metals
References: http://www.motorradonline.de/fahrwerk/fahrwerksspezial-teil-10-
reifenabrieb-reifenbilder/422241?seite=2; http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:
Schkopau_Braunkohlekraftwerk_Schornstein.jpg; http://www.motor-
talk.de/blogs/lt-s-garage/wie-alt-is-dein-auspuff-t2438338.html
Cr, Cd
Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb
Mn
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Sites
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Experimental Design
8-cut 2-cut4-cut
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Yield 2013
2-cut 4-cut mulching (8 times)
Yie
ldin
t D
M h
a-1
a-1
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Results Cd/Pb in mg kg-1 DM
Cd Pb
Detection level 0.4 4
Natural level 0.271 3.31
Limiting value 0.52 102
1 Kabata-Pendias 20112 DIN EN 14961-6
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Results Cd/Pb in mg kg-1 DM
Cd Pb
Detection level 0.4 4
Natural level 0.271 3.31
Limiting value 0.52 102
1 Kabata-Pendias 20112 DIN EN 14961-6
99 % of samples were below detection
limit for each Cd and Pb
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Results Mn/Zn
----- natural value; Kabata-Pendias 2011, Lindström et al. 2013
limiting value DIN EN 14961-6
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Results Cr/Cu
----- natural value; Kabata-Pendias 2011, Lindström et al. 2013
limiting value DIN EN 14961-6
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Conclusion
• Low heavy metal concentration of roadside
green cuttings of the city of Kassel
• Concentration below limiting value of DIN EN
14961-6
• Enrichment by abrasion from screw press
existent but inconsequential
• Yield similar to high-nature-value grassland
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Thank you for attention!