Heavy Highway Training
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Transcript of Heavy Highway Training
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Safety Is No AccidentSafety Is No Accident
Presented By: Anthony Castelli
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Highway and street construction (H&SC) workers are exposed to injury and fatality risk
The work is in proximity to construction equipment, as well as passing traffic
The module covers,Hazards in the work space Injury prevention with an emphasis on
Internal Traffic Control Plans (ITCP)
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Typical Work Activities Within Work Space
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Typical work zone activities
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Injury and fatality exposures are extremely high in highway work zones
Each year, over 100 H&SC workers are killed and more than 20,000 are injured
Half of the H&SC workers are killed by construction trucks and equipment
On-foot workers represent approximately 57% of the worker fatalities in work zones
More than 30% of fatalities involve equipment operators
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Night work and inclement weather produce poor visibility
Night work presents problemsReduced visibilityDriver impairment or inattentionFatigue and sleepiness
Lack of adequate lighting magnifies the problem
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Untrained workers are more vulnerable to injuriesNot using Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE) Improper use of PPEUnsafe work practices Macho behavior, horseplay
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Electrocution due to contact with overhead and underground power lines (Refer to Module No. 4)
Highway construction materials like asphalt and concrete pose physical hazards to workers, such as burns, splashing wet material in the eye, etc.
Strains and sprains due to overexertion and poor body positions
Slips, trips, and falls due to poor housekeeping
Fall from elevation and falling objects
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Operating and maintaining heavy equipment and trucks using safe procedures (Refer to Module No. 3)
Implementing safe procedures for night work, and low visibility
Safety protocols for preventing occupational health and environmental hazards
Fall protection and prevention Developing a dynamic Internal Traffic
Control Plan (ITCP) to prevent worker – equipment - traffic conflicts during construction
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Plan for coordinating the flow of construction vehicles, equipment, and workers operating within the work spaceFor improved safety within the work zone
A typical ITCP addresses Parking issues within the work spaceSafe entry and exit of heavy equipment and
trucks to and from the work spaceInteractions of heavy equipment, trucks, and
on-foot workers.
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Provide an organized plan to coordinate movements in the work area
Minimize dangerous operationsBacking and operating near soft shouldersUnguarded holes and slopes
Prevent injuries and fatalities, while providing efficient operations
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Contact information (company personnel, emergency services, etc.)
Location, time table, and scope of projectOn-site equipment and personnelInterface between internal and external
traffic control plans
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Checklist of site specific hazards and mitigation methods
Reporting system for incidents (and close calls)
Safe procedures for traffic control in work space
Anticipated traffic volumes, speeds, and speed limits
Specifications for lightingSafe speed limits, clearances from high
voltage power lines, blind corners , warnings of drop-off hazards, etc.
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• Designated channels of communication for any changes in plan
• Means of communications between on-foot workers, equipment operators, truck drivers, and other personnel
• Designation of personnel to monitor communications between vehicle and equipment operators
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Typically include Standard symbols for pieces of equipment
and project personnel on siteA layout of the work space positioned in the
overall work zoneLocations of proximate traffic control
devices (e.g. drums, cones, etc.)Areas around equipment and operations
prohibited to on-foot workers
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Source: Graham - Migletz
Sample Internal Traffic Control Plan for
Trenching Work in a Highway Work Zone
30 ft trench
Pedestrian free area
60 ft backfillVehicle free
area
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Training is essential for all personnelOrientation of truck drivers to work space
activities and ITCPTraining delivered through
Tool box safety meetingsDistribution of site-specific safety materials
(e.g. a copy of ITCP, safety guidelines)Self-paced e-training
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Comprehensive approachReview of ITCP during normal work zone
inspectionsReview and analyze incidents, close calls,
and potential hazardsRetain schematic drawings and other
documents for future use
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A pick up truck parked behind the dump truck. Lack of proper planning for parking causes
workers to park in improper and unsafe locations inside work space.
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An existing lane closed to traffic is utilized as an acceleration lane for trucks, but canalization is done improperly. No
designated exit point for trucks.
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Employee vehicle parked near equipment, and blocking the truck route
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Safe Equipment Operation around On-foot Workers
Conflicting Movements of Trucks, Equipment and Workers
Turning Radius and GeometrySafe Operation and Maintenance of
Equipment
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Shows an extremely hazardous condition where an on-foot worker is working very close to operating equipment, and is in
a tight space between the equipment and the barrier.
Never work so close to operating equipment, especially when there is a “pinch point”.
Workers working too close to
working equipment
against a barrier
“pinch point”
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Conflicts create potential for accidentsConflicts between
Trucks and trucksTrucks and equipmentTrucks and on-foot workersEquipment and on-foot workers Equipment and equipment
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Minimize conflicting interactions as much as possibleSeparation by spaceSeparation by time
Determine the locations of and design various internal movementsEntry and exit locations for trucks and
equipmentTruck and equipment routes within work spaceOther activity locations and pedestrian paths
(e.g., rest room locations, site office, etc.)
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Properly design the elements of internal traffic control that cause conflictsSafe entry and exit pointsSpeed change lanes
Deceleration laneAcceleration lane
Turning radius and geometryTraffic control devices
Conflicting Movements of Trucks, Equipment and Workers
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Work Space
Taper LengthRigid Barriers
A Typical Diagram Showing an Acceleration Lane
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Turning radius and geometry at entry and exit pointsVaries with the type of vehiclesOff tracking
Larger vehicles - larger off trackingOff tracking can cause injuries/fatalities
Turning radii must be designed by a qualified personGeometric design specialist
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Turning radius for trucks should be designed properly
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This figure shows the turning characteristics of a typical tractor/semi-trailer combination truck.
Refer to “A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, 2001” for details.
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This figure shows the minimum turning path for Intermediate Semitrailer (WB-12 [WB-40]) Design Vehicle.
Refer to “A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, 2001” for details.
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Only authorized personnel must operate or repair equipment Must be trained in safety
Perform daily inspections and make the necessary repairs Keep operator manuals in the equipment cab and provide
ready access
Equipment with poorly functioning safety devices (e.g. backing signals, head and tail lights, etc.) are unsafe to operate
Comply with OSHA Standard: 1926 Subpart O - Motor Vehicles, Mechanized Equipment, and Marine Operations
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Worker Responsibilities:Stay alertGet plenty of rest. Don’t carry on daytime
activities and then work a night shiftBe aware of surroundings, and the
operations around your work areaWear high visibility apparel
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Management Responsibilities Improve worker and equipment visibility
Enforce use of hard hats with retroreflective material and retroreflective clothing
Encourage using flashing and warning lights on vehicles and equipment (without distracting motorists)
Plan (through ITCP) to minimize on-foot workers coming close to heavy equipment
Ensure temporary lighting for workers does not distract motorists
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Avoid overhead power lines by maintaining the minimum clearance (10 feet or more)
Before excavation, call appropriate agency to locate underground cables
Use control measures to minimize silica exposure (e.g. wet cutting/drilling, exhaust ventilation)
Implement a Lead Exposure Control Plan outliningEngineering methods (ventilation, isolation)Administrative methods (personal hygiene
practices)PPE (respirators, protective clothing)
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Hand and power tools shall be used, inspected, and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, and shall be used only for the designed purpose
Workers should be trained on the recognition and prevention of electrical hazards
Design of support and shield systems shall be selected for excavations in accordance with OSHA Standard
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A project - specific written hazard communication program should be established. Copies of this program must be available to all workers
Appropriate fall protection and prevention procedures must be in place for work performed at an elevation of 6 feet or higher
Precautions must also be taken against falling objects
Appropriate PPE shall be worn at all times as required
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Worker is not wearing his safety vest
Worker is not wearing his steel-toed boots.
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Picture showing roadway work space in close proximity to motoring traffic
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Barrels offset too far onto the lane
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Worker shifting the offset drums inside.
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Pedestrian in the work zone? Pedestrian crossing locations should be provided where necessary.
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Improper separation between working equipment and motoring traffic lane
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Equipment too close to
traffic
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Moving traffic close to loading truck and excavator
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Loader with loaded material and moving traffic together
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Excavator too close to through lane
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Questionable physical separation between through traffic and heavy equipment – space for swing radius
of the equipment is a problem
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Workers working under operating crane; vehicle parked inside work space; and workers without hard hats and
safety vests
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A worker with a jack hammer close to through lane – Chipping hazard to moving traffic
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Injury potential is extremely high in highway and street construction work zones
Half of highway and street construction workers are killed by construction trucks and equipment
Development of Internal Traffic Control Plans is essential for safe operations inside the work space
It is imperative to eliminate conflicting movements of trucks, equipment and workers
Most of the construction site hazards also exist inside the work space