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Transcript of Heath Education: Legal Aspects The Commission for Teacher Preparation and Licensing shall privately...
Heath Education: Legal Aspects
The Commission for Teacher Preparation and Licensing shall privately admonish, publicly reprove, revoke or suspend a credential for immoral or unprofessional conduct, for persistent defiance and refusal to obey, the laws regulating the duties of persons serving in the public school system (Education Code 44421).
BY Former students 411b
Duties as Certified Employees
• Teachers must protect the health and safety of students.
• Follow school board policies and address lessons carefully.
• Obtain Written Approval before addressing students in “sensitive or controversial topics.”
• In Loco Parentis...
Safe School Checklist Comprehensive School Safety
Plan Discipline Policies and Practices Funding Professional Development
Activities Counseling and Guidance
Services Collaborative Relationships Safe School Programs and
Strategies
Field Trips• A school field trip is an
extension of the classroom experience.
• Secure parental permission slips.
• Cannot be mandatory.• Inadequate supervision is
one of the most common charges against teachers in a lawsuit.
What Should You Do?
• A. Stop the kid from participating in the field trip and have him/her return to regular classes.
• B. Let him/her on the bus but make them promise to get parent’s consent after the field trip.
• C. Let the student use your cell phone to call his/her parent or legal guardian for verbal permission.
Correct Answer
A. Stop the kid from participating in the field trip and have him/her return to regular classes.
Why?
Arnold Shwarzeneggar chooses you…to eat healthy.
“Vending machines in school should be filled with fresh fruits, vegetables and milk”
Laws for High School Students
No laws to include High School students
Are they mature enough to make proper nutrition decisions?
July 1st, 2007 EC 49431
What can teachers do?
Do not reward students with candy or otherpoor nutritional foods!
Encourage healthy food choices And exercising.
What Should You Do?
A. Buy Candy to help support his/her cause.B. Stop the sale of candy and tell the student
to resume sales 30 minutes after school.C. Steal the candy and sell for personal
profit.D. Tell him/her that they can only sell candy
off school premises.
Correct AnswerB. Stop the sale of candy and tell the
student to resume sales 30 minutes after school.
Why? -California Education Code 49431.2
Types of Bullying
• Verbal Bullying– teasing/taunting– threatening to cause harm
• Social Bullying– spreading rumors– public embarrassment
• Physical Bullying– hitting/kicking/punching– tripping/pushing (www. stopbullying.gov)
Bullying as Discriminatory Harassment
• Federal law prohibits discriminatory harassment on the basis of a students:– Race– Color – National Origin– Sex– Disability – Religion
Who is at Risk?LGBT Youth:• Title IX and Title IV protect
all students, including LGBT from sex-based harassment.
• It is sex discrimination to harass someone on the basis of their sexual orientation
Youth with Special Needs:• Section 504 of the
Rehabilitation Act of 1973• Title II and III of the Americans
with Disabilities Act of 1990• Individuals with Disabilities
Education Act (IDEA)
State Anti-Bullying Law & Policy
• Protected Classes in California: – Disability– Gender– Nationality– Race or
ethnicity– Religion– Sexual
orientation
Cyberbullying
• Takes place using electronic technology
• Can happen 24/7• Deleting offensive material is
difficult• 16% of high school students were
electronically bullied in the past year.
Effects of Cyberbullying
• Victims more likely to:– Use alcohol and drugs– Skip school– Experience in-person
bullying– Receive poor grades– Have lower self esteem– Have health problems
Violence as a Public Health Problem:Who is at Risk?
• Prior history of violence• Drug, alcohol, or tobacco
use• Association with delinquent
peers• Poor family functioning• Poor grades in school• Poverty in the community
(CDC Violence Prevention)
Violence Prevention
• Report signs of weapons, or gang activity to principal
• Set expectations for appropriate behavior
• Discuss violence, teach conflict resolution and anger management skills
• Should an incident arise, implement school’s emergency “school safety” procedure (UNICEF)
Breaking Up Fights: Basic Techniques
• Never ignore aggression• Go to the scene of the violence• Check if weapons are present• Tell students to stop what they
are doing• Never get between students
who are fighting (liability) • After the incident, document
what transpired (NEA)
What Should You Do?A. Approach the conflict and tell the
students to stop immediately.B. Defer to school policy and do what is
expected of you.C. Yell, “Fight, Fight, Fight”D. Physically intervene, it is the law.E. Be a silent by-stander and document
everything that has transpired.
Correct Answer
Why?Teacher’s Responsibilities:• The law does not address whether teachers should
intervene in student fights.• The local school district should develop policies
addressing its expectations of staff members in such situations.
• Teachers should defer to school policy to avoid liability.
A and B.
Statutory Rape“Statutory Rape is prohibition of any sexual intercourse between adults and minors.”
Worldwide Ages of Consentage of con·sent NounThis is the age at which an individual can legally consent to sexual intercourse under any circumstances (Merriam-Webster Dictionary).
What Should You Do?A. Inform the student’s parents.B. Call the police and file a written report.C. Nothing
Statutory Rape is Child Abuse!
Correct AnswerB. Call the police and file a written report.
Why?:CA Penal Code 11165.9and 11166
Quick Facts• Definition: Any non-accidental act of commission or omission
that endangers a child’s physical, mental, or emotional well-being.
• Estimated 3 million children abused or neglected.• 1986: Corporal Punishment Outlawed in California Public
Schools.
Source: www.childhelp.org
Reasons For Child Abuse?
• Parent Abused as Child• Unrealistic Expectations• Parental Stress• Social Isolation• Delay in Maternal Infant
Bonding• Over Punishment
What Should You Do?• A. Ask the child more questions.• B. Call the parents to discuss the child’s
injuries.• C. Tell another teacher about the child’s
potential abuse.• D. Report the abuse immediately in writing
and contact the proper authorities in accordance with school district policy.
Mandatory ReportingD. Report the abuse immediately in writing and
contact the proper authorities in accordance with school district policy.
Why?• California Penal Code 11166: Teachers are required to
report suspected child abuse immediately and in writing within 36 hours after given information about suspected child abuse.
• Possible Punishments: 6 months of jail, $1000 fine, criminal prosecution and revocation of the teaching credential.
When in doubt, REPORT!
Epilepsy• Epilepsy is a seizure disorder• Seizures may manifest as
convulsions, fainting spells, episodes of blank staring or non-responsive episodes
• Typified by uncontrollable body movements
• Teachers need to be notified by nursing staff or parents (Matza, 397)– Safety and avoidance
embarrassment a priority
• CA requires the inclusion of specific triggers in the student health plan or the individual health plan
– Section 49414.7 of the Education Code mandates that injections should be given by the school nurse or licensed vocational nurse.
– Law allows for other employees to be trained
• (CA Educational Code 49414.7)
Diabetes• Diabetes is where the body does not use or
produce insulin– Associated with environmental and
behavioral factors
• Two Types:– Type 1: No insulin production– Type 2: Inadequate insulin production– Excessive eating, urination, weight loss, etc…
• Students will need to monitor blood sugar and need to be in contact with nurses for education
– Teachers need to be observant of behavior or physical changes (Matza, 395)
• Only licensed personnel can monitor and give injection (http://www.cde.ca.gov/ls/he/hn/medication.asp)
ADHD• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a
neurobiological disorder that limits the ability to suppress inappropriate actions and thoughts, memory recall, and planning
• Manifests differently in males and females – Males tend to be more hyperactive while females
tend to be inattentive– Symptoms can change during puberty, due to
hormonal changes in the brain
• Accommodations with an Individualized Education Plan (IEP), or 504 plan outlining specific accommodations. Here are a few:– Additional tutoring– Additional time on exams or homework– Distraction free environment
• Dispensation of medications by nurses or licensed staff (http://www.cde.ca.gov/ls/he/hn/medication.asp)
Additional Resources• The NIMH has excellent materials and brochures on ADHD. Due to the abuse of
ADHD medications in our student populations, I highly recommend familiarizing yourself with this disorder. In addition there’s been a rise in cases, so you’re very likely to have an ADHD student in your classroom.
• The Atlantic Wire recently ran a story title “Its different for girls with ADHD” that goes more in depth on recent research and experiences of females with ADHD.
• IDEA was a landmark legislation that opened the doors for many individuals with disabilities to gain access to the public education system. If you go on the ED.gov website you can find helpful materials to help you navigate and implement the these regulations in your classroom
• Finally, I highly recommend familiarizing yourself with the Special Education section on the CA Dept of Education website. These health conditions and their accommodations are covered in detail on the website, its also a good place to start your research for most of your credential classes.
What Should You Do?• A. Offer to administer insulin to the student.• B. Call the nurse and send the student
immediately to the nurse’s office.• C. Tell the student to lay down in the corner
and off him/her a sugary granola bar.
Correct AnswerB. Call the School Nurse and send the student
immediately to the nurse’s office. Why?• EDUCATION CODE SECTION 49422-49427 /49423.5
– States that only qualified persons who possess an appropriate credential or qualified designated school personnel can administer medication
• Basically only nurses– Finally, because the student may be in medical distress only a qualified
professional per the education code can administer any assistance the student may need
– In American Nurses Association et al. v. Jack O’Connell, et al., (2010) 185 Cal. App. 4th 393 the further clarified who can administer insulin to students.
• Essentially this decision prohibited school districts from training school staff who are not nurses to administer insulin.
Works Cited Clarke A., General Counsel, Riley B. A., Salini A. A., Jr., Weissinger S. L., Fader I. C. “BREAKING UP STUDENT FIGHTS: MTA Division of Legal Services: Legal Opinion Series No. 1” Retrieved April
14, 2013 from: http://lexington.massteacher.org/Documents/Sundries/TchrInfo/StudentFights.htm#1
“Child Protection: Discipline and Violence” Retrieved April 14, 2013 from: http://www.unicef.org/teachers/protection/violence.html
Coordinated School Health & Safety Office. (n.d.). Medication Administration. Retrieved from California Dept of Education: http://www.cde.ca.gov/ls/he/hn/medication.asp
“Federal Laws” (managed by U.S. Department of Health & Human Services) Retrieved April 13, 2013 from: http://www.stopbullying.gov
Gerrish, Dick. "Comprehensive Planning For Safe Learning Environments. A School Professional's Guide To Integrating Physical And Psychological Safety - Prevention Through Recovery." Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties 16.1 (2011): 107-109. Academic Search Complete. Web. 14 Apr. 2013.
Grainger, Corbetter, Benjamin Senauer, and C. Ford Runge. "Nutritional Improvements And Student Food Choices In A School Lunch Program." Journal Of Consumer Affairs 41.2 (2007): 265-284. Academic Search Complete. Web. 13 Apr. 2013.
Kann, Laura, Nancy D. Brener, and Howell Wechsler. "Overview And Summary: School Health Policies And Programs Study 2006."Journal Of School Health 77.8 (2007): 385-397. Academic Search Complete. Web. 13 Apr. 2013.
Matza, N. (2013). Health Science For Teachers. Long Beach: Hygiapedo Publishing.
Nieberg, B. (n.d.). GCR LLP News. Retrieved from GCR LLP: http://gcrlegal.com/news/in-the-news/california-law-affects-insulin-administration-in-schools.php
NIMH. (n.d.). Frequently asked questions about ADHD and teenagers. Retrieved from National Institute of Mental Health: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-teens-fact-sheet/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder.shtml
Sahin, Hande, and Sibel Erkal. "Behaviors Of Students Towards Safety Measures To Prevent School Accidents."Healthmed 6.6 (2012): 1979-1986. Academic Search Complete. Web. 14 Apr. 2013
“School Violence Data and Prevention” Retrieved April 12, 2013 from: http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/youthviolence/schoolviolence/data_stats.html
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (2013, April 13). Statutory Rape: A Guide to State Laws and Reporting Requirements: Summary of Current State Laws. Retrieved from U.S. Department of Health & Human Services: aspe.hhs.gov
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children’s Bureau. (2011). Child Maltreatment 2010. Available from http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/stats_research/index.htm#can
U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2011. Child maltreatment: strengthening national data on child fatalities could aid in prevention (GAO-11-599). Retrieved from http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d11599.pdf
Yagoda, M. (n.d.). Its different for Girls with ADHD. Retrieved from The Atlantic Wire: http://www.theatlanticwire.com/national/2013/04/its-different-girls-adhd/63746/