heat exchangers (Shell & Tube)
Transcript of heat exchangers (Shell & Tube)
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Heat Exchangers
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Heat ExchangersHeat exchangers are one of the most common pieces of
equipment found in all plants.
Heat Exchangers are components that allow the
transfer of heat from one fluid (liquid or gas) to another
fluid.
In a heat exchanger there is no direct contact betweenthe two fluids. The heat is transferred from the hot fluid
to the metal isolating the two fluids and then to the
cooler fluid.
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Types of Heat Exchangers
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Double-Pipe Exchanger
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Double Pipe
Simplest type has one tube inside another - innertube may have longitudinal fins on the outside
However, most have a
number of tubes in the outertube - can have very many tubes
thus becoming a shell-and-tube
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Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger
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Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers are the most
important type of HE.
It is used in almost every type of industry.
This type of heat exchanger consists of a set of
tubes in a container called a shell.
The fluid flowing inside the tubes is called thetube side fluid and the fluid flowing on the outside
of the tubes is the shell side fluid.
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Main Components of Shell-and-Tube
Heat Exchangers
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Some common heat-exchanger
terms Tube side: Inside the tubes.
Shell side: Outside the tubes, between the
tubes and the shell. Tube sheet A thick plate provided with holes
(one per tube) in which the tubes are fixed.
Tube bundle Consists of tubes, tube sheet and
baffle plates Shell A cylinder of plate in which the tube bundle
is placed
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TEMA Heat
Exchangers
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Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
Construction Fixed Tube-sheet type
U-tube type
Floating Head type
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Front head type
A-type B-type
B
Channel and removable cover Bonnet (integral cover)
A
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Shell type
E-type
F shell
E F
One-pass shell Two-pass
shell
Longitudinal baffle
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More shell types
G and H shells normally only used for horizontal thermosyphonreboilers
J and X shells if allowable pressure drop can not be achieved in an Eshell
J
HG
X
Split flow Double split flow
Divided flow Cross flow
Longitudinal
baffles
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Low-finned Tubes
Flat end to go into tube sheet andintermediate flat portions for bafflelocations
Available in variety of metals includingstainless steel, titanium and inconels
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Plate and frame
Plates hung vertically andclamped in a press or frame.
Gaskets direct the streamsbetween alternate plates andprevent external leakage
Plates made of stainless steel or
higher quality material Plates corrugated to give points
of support and increase heattransfer
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Plate Heat Exchanger
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Chevron Washboard
Plate typesCorrugations on plate
improve heat transfer
give rigidity
Many points of
contact and atortuous flow path
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General view of
plate exchanger
Plate exchanger
normally refersto a gasketedplate- and-frameexchanger
Flo A angement ithin a
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Flow Arrangement within aPHE
Alternate plates (often same plate types inverted)
Gaskets
arranged for
each stream to
flow betweenalternate plates
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Air-Cooled or Fin-Fan
Exchanger
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Air-cooled exchanger
Air blown across finned tubes (forceddraught type)
Can suck air across (induced draught)
Finned tubes
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ACHE bundle
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Spiral Heat Exchanger
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Spiral Heat Exchangers Spiral heat exchangers can be used in most applications in the
chemical process industry
In many difficult applications where fouling and plugging are
problems, a standard shell and tube design may not be
effective
While a spiral heat exchanger often has a higher initial cost, it
may provide a lower life cycle cost due to lower fouling rates
and ease of maintenance
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A spiral heat exchanger is composedof two long, flat plates wrappedaround a mandrel or center tube,
creating two concentric spiralchannels
In a spiral heat exchanger, the hotfluid flows into the center of the unitand spirals outward toward the outer
plates while at the same time, the coldfluid enters the periphery and spiralinward, exiting at the center
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