Heart failure
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Transcript of Heart failure
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HEART FAILURE
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Heart Failure – is inability of the heart to pump sufficient to blood to meet
the needs of the tissues of the oxygen & nutrients.
- HF was often referred to as CHF, because many pt’s experience pulmonary or peripheral congestion.
Chronic Heart Failure- The increase incidence of HF reflects not only the
increased number of elderly people but also improvements in treatment of cardiac diseases (MI), resulting in increased survival rates.
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Clinical ManifestationsMay be produced by the different
types of HF (systolic, diastolic or both) are similar and therefore do not assist in differentiating the types of HF.
The S/S of HF can be r/t which ventricle is affected.
LSHF causes different manifestations than RSHF .
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LEFT-SIDED HEART FAILUREPulmonary congestion occurs when the left
ventricle cannot effectively pump blood out of the ventricle into the aorta and the systemic circulation.
CM of pulmonary congestion: Dyspnea or SOB Cough Pulmonary crackles Low oxygen saturation level
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CAUSES:CADMIMyocarditis or endocarditisHeart valve disordersArrthyhmiasPulmonary HPNPulmonary embolismHyper & HypothyroidismAnemiaKidney Failure
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S/S of LSHF:CracklesDsypneaNonproductive coughBlood tinged, frothy sputumRestlessnessTachycardiaS3 & S4OrthopneaNocturnal dyspneaCool, pale skin
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Tests: Electrocardiography (EKG) CXR Echocardiogram Pulmonary Artery pressure monitoring
Tx: Diuretics ACE inhibitors Angiotensin II receptor blockers Beta-blockers
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RIGHT-SIDED HEART FAILURE- The right ventricles fails, congestion
in the peripheral tissues & the viscera predominates.
Causes:LSHFHPNAge, infiltration, Infections that cause
cardiac wall stiffnessHeart valve disordersLung disorders: COPD & PE
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S/S: Hepatomegaly & splenomegaly Epigastric tenderness Ascites Edema Anorexia, fullness, edema JVD Nocturia
Tests: EKG CXR Echocardiogram PA pressure monitoring
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Tx: Diuretics
→ Loop Diuretics: Furosemide (Lasix)
ACE inhibitors
→ lisonopril (prinivil), captopril (capoten), perindropil (aceon), ramipril (altace)
Angiotensin II receptor blockers
→ valsartan (diovan), eprosartan (teveten), telmisartan (micardis), losartan (cozaar)
Beta-blockers
→ metropolol (lopressor, toprol), atenolol (tenormin), carvedilol (coreg)
Calcium Channel Blockers
→ dihydropyrimides : amlodipine (norvasc), felodipine (plendil)