Healthy Behaviors Are Contagious
-
Upload
shapeup -
Category
Health & Medicine
-
view
1.545 -
download
1
description
Transcript of Healthy Behaviors Are Contagious
1 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
2 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
Luke Matthews, Ph.D.
Director of Data Analytics
Activate Networks
Tricia Leahey, Ph.D.
Asst. Professor of Psychiatry/Human Behavior
Weight Control & Diabetes Research Center
Rajiv Kumar, M.D.
Founder & Chief Medical Officer
ShapeUp
Today’s Presenters
3 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
ShapeUp’s Mission Statement
Creating a healthier world by
leveraging social influence to
engage people in healthy activities
4 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
1. Spread of human behavior in
large social networks
2. Social influence in a team-
based wellness program
3. Implications for population
health management
4. How you can leverage this
knowledge to achieve
success
5. Questions & Answers
Today’s Agenda
5 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
Spread of Human
Behavior in Large
Social Networks
6 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
Luke Matthews, Ph.D.
Director of Data Analytics
Activate Networks
7 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
• Our management team has built/led large health
companies
• 15 years of research from Harvard and UVA
• National acclaim from “Connected”
by co-founder Dr. Nicholas Christakis
Harvard Innovation, Deep Health Expertise
8 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
• Lifestyle behaviors (good & bad)
• Clinical practice patterns
• Medication use
• Fraud & criminal behaviors
• Consumer purchasing decisions
Human Behaviors Are “Contagious”
9 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
Health Is Collective
10 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
Obesity In The Framingham Heart Study
N. Christakis and J Fowler, The spread of obesity in a large social network over 32 years. New Engl Med 2007 357:370
11 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
Obesity In The Framingham Heart Study
N. Christakis and J Fowler, The spread of obesity in a large social network over 32 years. New Engl Med 2007 357:370
12 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
Spreading Contagions In Networks
13 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
Smoking In The Framingham Heart Study
N. Christakis and J Fowler, The collective dynamics of smoking in a large social network. New Engl Med 2008 358:2249-2258
14 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
N. Christakis and J Fowler, The collective dynamics of smoking in a large social network. New Engl Med 2008 358:2249-2258
Smoking In The Framingham Heart Study
15 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
Other Network Effects On Health
Obesity Christakis NA, Fowler JH (2007) The New England
Journal of Medicine 357: 370-379.
Smoking Christakis, N.A. and J. Fowler. (2008) The New England
Journal of Medicine 358: 2249-2258.
Alcohol Rosenquist J.N., J.H. Fowler, J. Murabito, and N.A.
Christakis. (2010) Annals of Internal Medicine 152, 426-
433.
Depression Rosenquist J.N., J.H. Fowler, and N.A. Christakis. (2011)
Molecular Psychiatry 16:273-281.
16 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
Map and identify employees
Most influential, “influencees,” influence patterns
Overlay health information
Health behaviors, participation in programs
Highly focused outreach
Two basic network engineering techniques
Build new ties and plan teams
Target key influencers
Activate Networks Wellness Technology
1
2
3
4
17 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
Node size reflects BMI
Nodes are dots if the
individual did not
engage in program
Target The Key Influencers
BMI significantly correlates across network ties, even after accounting for
location and rank.
(Matthews et al. in revision)
18 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
Network approaches can help with the two key issues
in corporate wellness programs
Engagement
Using network effects will increase engagement and
participation
Sustainability
Using network effects will help participants maintain their
engagement and activity
Key Takeaways From Our Research
19 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
Social Influence
In A Team-Based
Wellness Program
20 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
Tricia Leahey, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Psychiatry/Human Behavior
Weight Control & Diabetes Research Center
The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
21 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
Why We Conducted This Research
• There is strong evidence that obesity
spreads through social networks
• Given our focus on weight reduction,
we aimed to investigate whether
these same social influence
processes can be harnessed to
promote healthy behavior change
• No one had examined whether the
social component of wellness
program enhances outcomes
22 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
• Annual workplace-based campaign to
promote exercise and weight loss
• Thousands participate each year
• Team competition (5-11 members)
• 12 week online program includes
personal and team progress tracking,
weekly newsletters, community events
• Yields significant weight losses (-3.7kg)1
and increases in physical activity
(+2,300 steps)2
About Shape Up Rhode Island
1Wing et al., Obesity, 2009; 2Leahey et al., Prev Med, 2010
23 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
The Team Effect For Weight Loss
• Team members influenced individual weight loss
outcomes
• Individuals on the same team achieved similar
weight losses (ICC = 0.10)
Leahey et al., Obesity, in press
24 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
• Effects of team
characteristics on
individual weight loss
Those who reported
greater teammate social
influence for weight loss
had higher weight losses
Having more teammates
in the weight loss division
yielded greater weight
losses
Optimal Environment For Weight Loss
Leahey et al., Obesity, in press
25 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
• Team membership also influenced
the odds of achieving a clinically
significant (i.e. 5%) weight loss,
which is associated with reduced
risk for cardiovascular disease
and diabetes
• Achieving a 5% weight loss
clustered within teams (ICC=0.09)
Clinically Significant Weight Loss
Leahey et al., Obesity, in press
26 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
• Effects of team
characteristics on
individuals achieving
a 5% weight loss
Greater social influence
for weight loss increased
the likelihood
Having more teammates
in the weight loss division
increased the likelihood
Optimal Team Characteristics
Leahey et al., Obesity, in press
27 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
• Team members influenced
individual physical activity
outcomes
• Individuals on the same
team achieved similar
increases in physical
activity (ICC = 0.09)
Team Effect For Physical Activity
Leahey et al., Prev Med, 2010
28 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
• Team characteristics
influenced individual
activity outcomes
Individuals on teams
that had high levels of
activity within the first
two weeks of the Shape
Up program achieved
the greatest increases
in activity
Optimal Team Characteristics
Leahey et al., Prev Med, 2010
29 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
• Social networks impact weight loss and physical activity
• Wellness programs should tap the organic social influence potential of coworkers, friends, and family to enhance weight loss and activity outcomes
Ensure that everyone on the same team is working towards a similar
health goal
Set team goals to maximize social accountability and encourage
regular reporting of individual progress
Promote a culture of social support and cohesion among team
members by offering teambuilding activities
Key Insights From This Research
30 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
• Conduct a randomized trial comparing an “optimal” team environment to an “average” or “poor” team environment and examine the effects on weight loss and physical activity outcomes
• Further examine the social influence processes by which social networks impact health
Social norms
Social modeling
Peer accountability
Social support
Next Steps For Our Research
31 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
Implications For Population
Health Management
32 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
“…Social influence also suggests that it may be possible to
harness this same force to slow the spread of obesity.
Network phenomena might be exploited to spread positive
health behaviors.”
-Nicholas Christakis, M.D.
Turns Out Dr. Christakis Was Right
33 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
34 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
Health behaviors, like many other human behaviors,
spread in social networks
Unhealthy outcomes that spread include obesity and
alcohol consumption
Healthy outcomes that spread include smoking cessation,
increased physical activity, and weight loss
Interventions that target key influencers are more likely to
achieve maximum engagement and activity
Interventions that promote social influence, teamwork,
and shared goals are likely to produce better outcomes
Key Takeaways from Today’s Webinar
35 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
How You Can Leverage This
Knowledge For Success
36 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
How You Can Leverage Social Influence
• Map the social network of your population
• Facilitate peer-to-peer recruitment through influencers
• Focus on organizing teams and groups for wellness
• Promote teamwork and peer support
• Utilize competitions to organize & motivate
• Share results & comparisons to promote accountability
• Link incentives to team goals and team outcomes
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
37 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
Take Our Health + Technology Survey!
• How is technology shaping the way
you help your employees manage
their health?
• 10 minute online survey
• Chance to win a Fitbit activity tracker!
38 Copyright © 2012 ShapeUp, Inc. Confidential & Proprietary.
38