Health+Authority+Parents+Guide+Eng.indd[1]

7/30/2019 Health+Authority+Parents+Guide+Eng.indd[1]

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Acknowledgement 5

The Purpose of this guide 7

Hand washing 8

Not All Bugs are Created Equal 9

Use Antibiotics Wisely 10

Fever 12

Cold / Runny Nose 15

Flu (Influenza) 18

Sore Throat 20

Ear Ache 22

Cough 25

Sinus Infection 28

Table of Contents


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Name of the student: Muhra Hamed Ahmad AlZuabi / School: Albateen School 3rd Grade.


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Name of the student: Mariam Muhammed AlSuwaidi / School: Albateen Scientific Private School

- 2nd Grade


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The Purpose of this guide

To help parents cope with common childhood infections such as colds,flu,sore throats, earaches and other respiratory tract infections.

Remember

Hand washing is the best way to stop the spread of respiratory tract infections.

Both viruses and bacteria cause respiratory tract infections, but antibioticsonly work against bacteria. Antibiotics do not work against viruses.

Use antibiotics wisely to prevent bacteria from becoming resistant to antibiotics


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Hand Washing

Hand washing is the best way to stop the spread of respiratory

tract infections. 80% of common infections are spread by hands.

When to wash your hands:

Before meals

Before breastfeeding

After using the toilet or helping your child use the toilet

After changing diapers

After blowing your nose or wiping your childs nose

After playing with toys shared with other children

How to wash hands:

Use soap and water. Washing with water alone does not get rid of germs

Wet your hands

Apply soap. Do not use antibacterial soap

Rub your hands together for at least 20 seconds (or the time it takes to sing

Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star) Rinse your hands for 10 seconds

Dry your hands with a towel

What you should do:

Expect doctors, dentists, nurses and therapists to wash their hands before

they examine you or your child

Make sure soap is available in the washroom of your childs school andyour workplace

Make sure that childcare sites have places for adults and children to wash

their hands

Use regular soap. Antibacterial soap is not needed because it promotes

bacterial resistance

Teach by example


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Not all Bugs are Created Equal

Both viruses and bacteria cause infections, but antibiotics only workagainst bacteria.

Viral Infections:

Include colds, flu, croup, laryngitis, chest colds (bronchitis) and most sore

throats

Are more contagious than bacterial infections (If more than one person in the

family has the same illness, odds are it is a viral infection.)

Can make you just as sick as bacterial infections

Usually get better in 4-5 days but it might take as long as three weeks to fully

recover

Antibiotics do not work against viruses

Bacterial Infections:

Are less common than viral infections Do not spread as easily from one person to another as viral infections Cause infections such as pneumonia and strep throat

Antibiotics do work against most bacteria


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Use Antibiotics Wisely

What Is Antibiotic Resistance:

Using antibiotics when they are not needed (for example for colds andflu) canlead to antibiotic resistance.

Bacteria have antibiotic resistance when they cannot be killed by anantibiotic.

Remember, it is the bacteria that are resistant - NOT YOU! Even very healthypeople who have never taken antibiotics can become infected with antibioticresistant bacteria from other sources.

What you should do:

Do not expect to get antibiotics for every respiratory tract infection. Most ofthese infections are caused by viruses and antibiotics will not work.

Let your doctor decide if an antibiotic is needed and which antibiotic is best.

Be patient when you (or your child) have cold symptoms, cough or a sore

throat. Most viral illnesses will take 4 - 5 days before getting better and up to3 weeks for a full recovery.

Always wash your hands after being with someone who is sick. Remind othersto wash their hands.

Avoid a battle with SUPER RESISTANT BUG. Use antibiotics wisely!


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Name of the student: Omran Ali Hasan / School: Muhammed Bin AlQasem for Basic Education School

3rd Grade


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Fever

What is fever?

Your childs temperature depends on where it is measured.

Fever

Helps the body fight infection

Occurs with most respiratory tract infections

Can occur with both viral and bacterial infections

Treatment

Give acetaminophen also known as paracetamol (Adol , Panadol,

Tempra, Tylenol , Calpol or generic brands).

Do not give ASA (Aspirin).

Keep child cool but do not allow your child to shiver.

Dress your child in lightweight clothing and keep room temperature about 20 C.

Offer cool fluids or popsicles to your child every hour when awake.

Tip: When fever is reduced in children with viral infections, they usually feelbetter. Children with bacterial infections still feel miserable even when theirfever is brought down.

MethodYour child has fever ifhis/ her body temperatureequals or is higher than


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See the doctor if your child has a fever and:

Is less than six months of age

Fever lasts more than 48 hours and does not go down when acetaminophenis given.

Fever lasts more than 3 days

Has a rash

Has diarrhea and vomiting

Acetaminophen (Adol , Panadol, Tempra, Tylenol , Calpol or genericbrands) is recommended to reduce fever and pain in children. Do not give aspirinproducts (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA, Aspirin) as they can increase the risk ofReyes Syndrome, a serious condition that can damage the liver and brain.

It is important to keep these drugs locked in a cupboard that is child proof.

Check the package label to find out how much medication your child needs

Do not give children acetaminophen products that are made for adults. Some

products for adults and older children may contain too much acetaminophen

for a younger child.

Consult with the pharmacistor physician to find out the

right dose for your

childs weight or age.Your childs behavior, rather than the fever, ismore important for letting you know when toworry.

Go to the emergency department if your childhas a fever and any of the following symptoms:

Trouble breathing not caused by a stuffy nose

Blue lips Limp or unable to move Hard to wake up, unusually quiet or

unresponsive Stiff neck Seems confused Seizure


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Nameofthestudent:Shamma

SageerMuhammedRashidAlmansouri/School:Alkhitm

forBasicand

SecondaryEducationSchool/girls

3rdGrade


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Cold / Runny Nose

Colds are caused by viruses. There are about

200 different viruses that cause colds. Childrencan get 8 - 10 colds per year. Adults get fewercolds because they have built up immunityagainst some of the viruses. Antibiotics do notwork against cold viruses.

Prevention

Wash your hands to prevent spread of viruses. Teach your children to wash their hands.

Wash toys that are shared with others.

Symptoms

Runny nose, sore throat, sneezing, cough and,at the beginning, headache, fever and watery eyes.

Fluid from the nose is clear at first but turns thick yellow or green within 2 - 3days. This does not mean it is a bacterial infection.

Children might have a cough, which is worse at night. A cold usually lasts for 4 - 7 days. It might take as long as three weeks to fully

recover.

Treatment

Offer plenty of fluids such as water or juice. Warm clear fluids such as soupwill help the nose to drain.

Give acetaminophen for fever (see Fever). Allow your child to get plenty of rest. Use salt-water (saline) nose drops to treat stuffiness and cough, especially for

infants and toddlers (1-3 years). Use commercial salt-water drops or spray

or make your own. A decongestant or cough syrup might help symptoms but will not shorten the

length of the cold.

Note: Decongestants and cough syrup might also containacetaminophen. Read labels carefully and check with your pharmacistto avoid overdosing.

To prevent infecting others, caregivers should wash their hands often.


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See your doctor if. . .

Fever returns or symptoms worsen 5-10 days after first becoming sick.

Yellow or green nasal discharge lasts longer than 10 days.

Salt Water Drops

125 ml (4 oz or half cup) warm water

(one quarter) tsp table salt

Mix well.

Prepare fresh every day.

Position child so that head is slightly back.

Use a medicine dropper to put 1 - 2 drops in each nostril.

Repeat 4 to 5 times per day.


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Nameofthestudent:Ham

daIsmailAbdoullahAlmans

ouri/School:AlbateenScien

tificSchool2ndGrade


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Flu (Influenza)

Influenza or flu is caused by a virus. Adults with the flu can spread the virus to

others for 3-5 days after symptoms begin. Children with the flu can spread thevirus to others for up to 7 days. The flu season usually starts in November or

December and ends in April or May. Occasionally the flu might lead to

pneumonia.

Prevention

Consult with your family doctor to see if a flu vaccination is right for you.

Wash your hands, especially after you are with someone who is sick. Teach

your child about hand washing.

Teach your child to cough into a tissue. Throw away used tissues

promptly.

Symptoms

Fever / chills

Headache

Feeling tired / body aches Sore throat

Runny or stuffy nose

Cough / sneezing

Treatment

Offer plenty of fluids such as water or juice. Warm clear fluids such as soup will

help the nose to drain and will relax the airways. Allow your child to get plenty of rest. Keep your child at home for the first few

days of illness to rest and to prevent spread to others.

Give acetaminophen for fever, headache and body aches (see Fever).


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Go to the emergency department if your childhas any of the following symptoms:


Blue lips

Limp or unable to move

Hard to wake up, unusually quiet or

unresponsive Stiff neck

Seems confused

Seizure


Fever lasts more than 3 days.

Child has a fever plus a rash.

Child is coughing up green or yellow discharge for more than 10 days.


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Sore Throat

A sore throat often comes with a cold. Most sore throats are caused by viruses.An antibiotic will not help a sore throat caused by a virus.

Some sore throats are caused by bacteria calledStreptococcus. Strep throat most often occurs during the falland winter, in children between the ages of 5 and 12.

Your doctor cannot tell if a sore throat is strep throat just bylooking at it. A throat swab will show whether the sore throatis caused by bacteria or a virus.

If the sore throat is part of a cold, it is most likely causedby a virus and a throat swab is not needed.

Your doctor might take a throat swab to show whether the sore

throat is caused by bacteria or a virus. The test results are usually ready

within 48 hours.

If the test results are negative, the sore throat is likely caused by a virus.

Antibiotics will not work.

If the test results are positive, your doctor might decide to prescribe anantibiotic.

Other family members do not need to be tested unless they are sick.

Symptoms

Pain in the throat, pain when swallowing

Fever

Swollen glands in the neck


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Treatment

Offer plenty of fluids such as water or juice. Warm clear fluids such as soup

make the throat feel better.

Give acetaminophen for pain and fever (see Fever).

For children six years of age and older and adults, throat lozenges may relieve

symptoms. Younger children should not be given lozenges because of the

danger of choking.

For older children and adults, gargling with warm salt water will make the

throat feel better. Mix half tsp salt with 250 ml (8 oz or one cup) warm water.

Gargle for 10 seconds. Spit out salt water and repeat. May be done 4 - 5 times

per day.

Your child can go back to normal activity when feeling better.


If the sore throat continues for 2 - 3 days with no other symptoms of a coldsuch as watery eyes, sneezing, runny nose.


Trouble breathing not caused by a stuffy nose Blue lips Can not swallow


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Ear Ache

A special tube called the Eustachian tube

connects the middle ear and the back of thethroat. The tube is narrow in young children so

it can become blocked, especially with a cold.

This blockage can lead to a bacterial infection.

Antibiotics might be prescribed for an ear

infection, but 70-80% of children who have an

ear infection will get better without an antibiotic.

Prevention

Wash your hands frequently and teach your

child about hand washing since most ear

infections occur after a cold.

Avoid exposing your child to second hand smoke.

For children with allergies, avoid exposure to irritating substances.

Do not give your child a bottle to drink while lying down.

Symptoms:

Fever

Ear pain

Irritability


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Treatment:


Place a warm cloth over the outside of the ear.

Antihistamines and decongestants do not help an ear infection.

Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics after examination of your childs ears.

If your child has had many ear infections within a short period, your doctor may

recommend surgery to put tubes in the ears to help the ears to drain.

Because of the risk of antibiotic resistance, it is no longer recommended to

give antibiotics for prolonged periods to prevent ear infections.


Your child is less than 6 months of age

Your child is between 6 and 24 months of age and is not getting better after 24

hours

Your child is over 2 years of age and is not getting better after 3 days

Has a loss of balance Has swelling and redness behind the ear.


Trouble breathing not caused by a stuffy nose Blue lips Limp or unable to move Hard to wake up, unusually quiet or unrespon-

sive Stiff neck Seems confused Seizure


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Name of the student: Sara Ati Salem Salem / School: AlfateH School 2nd Grade


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Cough

Most coughs in children and adults are caused

by viral infections of the respiratory tract. Therespiratory tract looks like an upside downtree.

Infections of the respiratory tract are namedaccording to the part that is affected.

Antibiotics do not help coughs caused byviruses. Occasionally a cough might be due topneumonia. In this case antibiotics are usually

given.

*Refers to individuals with otherwise healthy lungs

Symptoms

Fever, cough and chest pain.

Coughing up mucus that may be yellow or

green. This does not mean it is a bacterial

infection. Wheezing might occur in some children.

Note: With viral bronchitis, 45% of people stillcough after 2 weeks. 25% of people still coughafter 3 weeks.

Illness Site Age Group Cause


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Treatment

Offer plenty of fluids such as water or juice. Warm clear fluids such as soup will

help relax the airways.

Allow your child to get plenty of rest.

Use a cool mist humidifier.

Cough suppressants and decongestants may help older children and adults

but should be used with caution in younger children. Ask your pharmacist for

help in selecting the right medication.

Cough drops may help older children and adults. Cough drops should not be

given to children less than six years of age because of the risk of choking.

For pneumonia, a chest x-ray is recommended and antibiotics are usually

prescribed.


Fever lasts more than 3 days

Cough is associated with vomiting Your child is very ill (especially after 2-3 days) and does not want to eat or

drink



Blue lips Limp or unable to move Hard to wake up, unusually quiet or

unresponsive Stiff neck Seems confused Seizure


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Nameofthestudent:Kha

lidMuhammedSaeed/Scho

ol:MuhammedBinAlQasemforBasicEducationSchool

3rdGrade


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Sinus Infection (Sinusitis)

The sinuses are air filled spaces around the nose and eyes. Sinusitis occurs

when fluid builds up in the sinuses. Both bacteria and viruses can cause sinusitis(viruses are up to 200 times more common). Sinusitis most often occurs after acold but most colds do not lead to bacterial sinusitis. The symptoms of sinusitisare more severe and last longer than a cold.

Symptoms

Facial pain or pressure, headache, toothache, feeling tired, cough, fever.

Blocked nose with yellow or green nasal discharge that lasts for more than 10days.

Treatment


Use salt water drops or spray to help relieve nasal congestion (see Cold).

Decongestants can relieve stuffiness but will not shorten the length of the ill-

ness.

Use a cool mist humidifier.


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Fever develops again, 5 - 7 days after a cold begins.

Cold symptoms worsen, 5 - 7 days after the cold begins. Yellow or green nasal discharge lasts longer than 10 days.

Constant facial pain

Note: Cold symptoms that reoccur and are associated with a clear discharge,indicate a new cold, not sinusitis. A visit to the doctor is not needed - follow treat-ment for a cold.


Fever and swelling around and above theeyes


Blue lips

Limp or unable to move

Hard to wake up, unusually quiet orunresponsive

Stiff neck

Seems confused

Seizure


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www.dobugsneeddrugs.org

The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers products does

not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by Health Authority Abu

Dhabi in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.

Do Bugs Need Drugs? is a community education program about the wise use of

antibiotics. The Parent Guide was developed in partnership with Capital Health,

the Toward Optimized Practice program of the Alberta Medical Association, the

Alberta Lung Association, and the University of Alberta (Edmonton, Alberta, Can-

ada). Do Bugs Need Drugs? is funded - in Canada - by Alberta Health and Well-

ness and the British Columbia Ministry of Health. CANADA


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Our Vision

The Health System of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi is comprehensive; encompassingthe full spectrum of health services and is accessible to all residents of AbuDhabi. The system is driven towards excellence through continuous improvement,and monitored for achievement of targets. Providers of health services areindependent, predominately private and follow highest international qualitystandards. The system is financed through mandatory health insurance.

Our Mission

Ensure reliable excellence in healthcare for the community

Our Values

1. Commitment to the Community We Serve2. Pursuit of Excellence and Continuous Improvement3. Respect & Compassion4. Integrity5. Accountability

6. Collective Wisdom of Teamwork &Collaboration

Contact Us

Health Authority Abu DhabiHealth System Compliance Division

Tel: 800800Fax: +9712-4449822

P.O. Box 5674 Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesWebsite : www.haad.ae

Did you find this booklet useful? Let us know your feedback.E-mail us at : [email protected]

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