Health Sector PERS PREM Public Expenditure Management Course April 2007, Washington, D.C. George...

Health Sector PERS PREM Public Expenditure Management CourseApril 2007, Washington, D.C.George SchieberConsultantHuman Development Network

Organization of PresentationHealth Systems ReformUnderlying Health DynamicsHealth ExpendituresBasics of Health FinancingProvider PaymentBasic Health Reform IssuesBasic Reform Instruments

Health Systems Reform

Objectives of Health SystemsImprove health status of populationAssure equity and universal accessProvide financial protection Be efficient from macroeconomic and microeconomic perspectivesAssure quality of care and consumer satisfaction

Complexity of Health SectorGlobal governance and policy coherence is a major problem as there are well over a 100 major organizations involved in the health sector, far more than in other sectors (e.g., unstructured plurality).As the bulk of the funding needed in the health sector is for long term recurrent costs as opposed to the more traditional short term investment costs, countries need to figure out how to create adequate future fiscal space in their budgets for sustainability. There are numerous non-health related factors that affect health outcomes, necessitating complex cross-sector approaches. Individual behavior plays a critical role in health outcomes and is very difficult to influence or change. Measuring health outcomesother than sentinel events such as births or deathand attributing causality to specific factors is inherently complex.The private sector plays a substantial, often predominant, role in both the financing and delivery of healthcare services and is often absent from the policy debate. Market failures in insurance markets and in the health sector more generally require complex regulatory frameworks.Finally, the costly financial protection element of health financing is largely unique to the health sector (except for a few standard social protection programs) and creates difficult tradeoffs among competing health objectives for resource constrained governments.

Behavior of Individuals/HouseholdsIncomeEducationWaterSanitationNutritionPerformance of Health SystemClinical EffectivenessAccessibility and EquityQuality and Consumer SatisfactionEconomic EfficiencyHealth Status OutcomesFertilityMortalityMorbidityNutritional StatusMacro-economic EnvironmentHealth Care SystemDelivery StructureFacilities (public & private)Staff (public & private)Information, Education, & communicationInstitutional CapacityRegulatory & Legal FrameworkExpenditure & FinancePlanning & Budgeting SystemsClient & Service Information/AccountabilityIncentivesProjects and Policy AdviceGovernanceAchieving Change in HNP

Health SystemsSource: David Peters, World Bank 2006

Health services delivery framework

Purpose(Level/Spread)Health statusFinancial protection Trust in health system

GOVERNMENT

Oversight&Compacts

Client Power

Political Voice

Health Service Outputs(Level/Spread)UtilizationCoverageQualityEfficiency

Non-Health SectorsEducationWaterAgricultureTransportPower

Organization of Health Services

Why Public Intervention?Health services with collective benefits (public verses personal health services)Redistribution/EquityHealth insurance market failuresOther market failures in the direct consumption and provision of health services

Nine Criteria for Establishing a BBP for Public Spending on Health CareCost EffectivenessRule of RescueCatastrophic CostHorizontal EquityVertical EquityPovertyExternalitiesPublic GoodsPublic DemandsSource: P. MusgroveKey: Efficiency criteriaEquity or Ethical CriteriaPolitical Criterion

Decision Tree for Public Resource AllocationSource: P. Musgrove

The Five Control Knobs for Health Sector Reform FINANCINGPAYMENTORGANIZATIONREGULATIONPERSUASIONINTERMEDIATEOUTCOMESHEALTH STATUSFINANCIAL RISKPROTECTIONSATISFACTIONTHE FIVE CONTROL KNOBS FOR HEALTH SECTOR REFORMFINAL OUTCOMES FOR HEALTH SECTOR PERFORMANCE

Underlying Health Dynamics

Why Invest in Health? Buys more health servicesImproves life stylesReduces job-related risksBuys more education and other human capital-related services Source: Salehi, 2004HealthIncomeWealthGrowth

Improves political stability, investment climate, and productivityReduces medical spending Reduces fertilityIncreases labor supply and female labor force participation Increases saving Increase in the years of healthy life expectancy

MDG Approach to Investments in Health Extreme PovertyHalve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1 a day.

Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger.Safe Water & SanitationHalve by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water. By 2020, achieve significant improvement in the proportion of people with access to sanitation.Child & Maternal HealthReduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate.

Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio.Primary & Girls' EducationBy 2015, boys and girls everywhere complete a full course of primary schooling.

Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015.Communicable Diseases By 2015, halt and begin to reverse the spread of: HIV/AIDSMalaria & Other major diseases.

Investments are Needed Across Many Sectors to Achieve MDGs-70%-60%-50%-40%-30%-20%-10%0%% growth government health spending% reduction U5MR 1990-2015Investments are Needed Across Many Sectors to Achieve MDGs-70%-60%-50%-40%-30%-20%-10%0%0%3%5%8%10%13%15%5% economic growth& 2.5% female education growth& 2.5% roads growth& 2.5% water & sanitary growth& 2.5% growth in allInvestments are Needed Across Many Sectors to Achieve MDGs

Policies and Institutions Do Matter

Elasticities of MDG Outcomes with Respect To Government Health Spending* Statistically significantly different from zero at 90% confidence levelSource: World Bank, 2003

CPIA IndexUnder FiveMortalityMaternal MortalityUnderweight Children UnderFiveTBMortality1.002.003.003.253.54.004.505.000.7990.5070.2150.1420.069-0.077-0.223-0.369-0.622-0.654-0.687-0.695*-0.703*-0.720*-0.736*-0.752*0.13-0.087-0.305-0.360-0.414-0.523*-0.632*-0.740*0.6510.276-0.098-0.192-0.285-0.472-0.659*-0.847*

MDG ApproachHighlights cross-sectoral links of health, education, water, sanitation, poverty reduction, and growthFocuses on health outcomesEstimated costs for assisting countries in reaching the MDGs are on the order of $50 billion per year with health estimated to be $15-30 billion overall including $8-15 billion in additional development assistance

Cost-effective Interventions Are Key to the MDGsWhich interventions to choose? How to transfer them to many countries?How to implement them to scale?How much will they cost?What kind of supporting environment is needed?Can we monitor their impact?

Reducing Under-five MortalityHow much health will a million dollars buy?Source: Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, second edition, 2006, Table 1.3.

Preventing and Treating HIV/AIDSHow much health will a million dollars buy?*Due to limited gains by individuals and potential for adverse behavior changes, more years may be lost than saved.Source: Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, second edition, 2006, Table 1.3

Preventing and Treating Noncommunicable DiseasesHow much health will a million dollars buy?*Costs and DALYs are in addition to using inexpensive drugs only. **Incremental to treatment with polypill.Source: Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, second edition, 2006, Table 1.3

Cervical Cancer and Surgically Treatable ConditionsSource: Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, second edition, 2006, Table 1.3How much health will a million dollars buy?

Implementation Bottlenecks Must Be AddressedHuman resource constraintsConstraints to physical accessibilitySupply and logistical problemsTechnical and organization capacity constraintsMBB (Marginal Budgeting for Bottlenecks), a resource allocation tool, can be used to estimate the costs of removing system-wide impediments to service deliverySource: A Soucat , W.V. Lerberghe, F. Diop , S. N. Nguyen and R. Knippenberg, Marginal BudgetingFor Bottlenecks: A New Costing Tool and Resource Allocation Practice to Buy Health Results, World Bank, November 2002.

Isnt Economic Growth Enough?Income elasticity of health outcomes low: economic growth alone cannot be expected to deliver MDG outcomes.

Income-health relationship has been shifting over time: the same level of income in 1960 and 2000 is associated with higher health outcomes in 2000 versus 1960.

Wide variation with regard to impact of income on health MDGs: although wealthier is healthier on average, but several examples show that economic growth is neither necessary nor sufficient to attain health outcomes.

Cuba, Sri Lanka, pre-reform China, and Kerala (India) demonstrate that rapid economic growth is not a pre-condition for health improvements.Many countries have had improvements in child mortality without economic growth (e.g., SSA).Other factors such as education, institutions, and political environment are important.

Isnt Economic Growth Enough?Chinas life expectancy grew rapidly in the 1960s and 1970s (a period of relative low growth). Post-reform when the countrys economy has been booming life expectancy improvements have slowed.

But Economic Growth Will Not Be Enough

Underlying Demographics Will Drive Needs/Demands But Also Have Profound Effects on Economies

Demographic impact of HIV/AIDS: BotswanaSource: U.S. Census Bureau 1999

Population of Botswana with and without AIDS 2020

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Inequalities in Outcomes Are an IssueChild mortality rates for the poor are often two to three times higher than those for the rich [Source: Asian Development Bank (2006)].

There Are Large Global Inequities in Health ResourcesSource: WDR 2004

Health Expenditures

Health Policy BaselineHealth Expenditures, 2004Source: World Bank, WHO, 2007. All regional and income class aggregated data weighted by the series denominator1. SSA GDP and health spending data excluding South Africa 2. HICs GDP and health spending data excluding the United States

Key Expenditure FactsPublic spending accounts for less than 25% percent of total health spending in LICs, some 50% in MICs but over 60% in HICs:

Policy-makers need to focus on private spending as well as public.

Public spending on health is some $10 per capita in LICs, over $100 in MICs, and $2000 in HICs:

Policy-makers in LICs will be challenged to provide an essential package of basic services.

Out-of-pocket payments account for 70 percent of health spending in LICs, 40 percent in MICs and 15 percent in HICs:

Policy-makers need to focus on improving formal risk pooling mechanisms in order to provide financial protection and protect the poor.

Social health insurance accounts for some 1% of all health spending in LICs, 20% in MICs, and 30% in HICs:

Policy-makers in LICs need to carefully evaluate whether they have the enabling conditions in place for SHI to succeed.

While external sources on average account for only some 6 percent of total health spending in LICs, in over 20 African countries, it accounts for more than 30 percent:

Policy-makers in LICs and MICs need to keep focused on internal sources of finance, as these sources account for the bulk of their health revenues.

The Global Context:Major Inequities in Disease BurdenDeveloping countries account for 90% of the global disease burdenSource: The World Bank. 2005. World Development Indicators. 2006.

Chart2

0.558831402411

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low-income countries

middle-income countries

high-income countries

Burden of Disease

Sheet1

Totals, low income countries, 2001857,892,523

Communicable diseases451,179,197low-income countries55.9%

Noncommunic. diseases320,440,163middle-income countries34.4%

Injuries86,273,167high-income countries9.7%

100.0%

Totals, middle income countries, 2001528,100,558

LMIC, total431,609,058

Communicable diseases85,204,205

Noncommunic. diseases288,732,115

Injuries57,672,735

UMIC, total96,491,500



Injuries11,809,076

TOTAL, MIC528,100,558

Totals, high income countries, 2001149,161,385



Injuries11,244,132

GLOBAL TOTAL DALYs1,535,154,466

Source: WDI, NIH

Sheet1

011

0

0

low-income countries

middle-income countries

high-income countries

Burden of Disease in Disability-Adjusted Life Years

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The Global Context:Inequities in Health SpendingSource: The World Bank. 2005. World Development Indicators. 2006. but only 12% of global health spending

Chart2

1.557090058

9.5259920242

88.9169179178

Distribution of Total Global Health Spending

88%

Global Dist. of Health Exp.

Health Expenditure, Total (% of GDP)2002

Low income5.50

Middle income6.00

High income11.10

GDP

Low income931,896,400,000

Middle income5,226,074,000,000

High income26,368,050,000,000

Health Expenditure, Total

Low income51,254,302,000

Middle income313,564,440,000

High income2,926,853,550,000

Health Expenditure, % of Global Total

low-income countries2

middle-income countries10

high-income countries89

COUNTRY_NAMEIND1_DESC200020012002

High incomeGDP (current US$)2.56E+132.53E+13931,896,400,000

Low incomeGDP (current US$)8.48E+118.79E+115,226,074,000,000

Middle incomeGDP (current US$)5.09E+125.16E+1226,368,050,000,000

Global Dist. of Health Exp.

1.557090058

9.5259920242

88.9169179178

Distribution of Total Global Expenditures on Health

88%

But There Are Also Large Inequities in Health Spending Within Countries

EXPENDITURE PERFORMANCE Can Be Measured in Many WaysLOCAL CURRENCYPoint in time or changes over timeTotal nominal spending Share of GDPPublic verses privatePublic health share of all public expendituresAdministrative expense shareType of serviceCapital vs. recurrentNominal per capitaReal/Volume (health deflator)Real/Opportunity Cost (general price deflator)

NUMERAIRE CURRENCY--exchange rates/purchasing power parities (GDP, health)

Where Do We Start: National Health AccountsSource: OECD

Health Expenditures in Ukraine, 1998-2005Source: WHO National Health Accounts 2007

Health System Expenditure & Financing (million Ukraine hryvnas)19981999200020012002200320042005Total expenditure on health (THE) 6 816 7 721 9 945 12 342 14 174 17 978 22 429 31 340General government expenditure on health (GGHE) 3 632 3 838 4 924 6 273 7 457 9 985 12 713 17 612 of which Ministry of Healthn/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/a Social security funds00000000Private expenditure on health 3 184 3 883 5 020 6 069 6 717 7 993 9 716 13 728 Private households' out-of-pocket payment 2 835 3 467 4 492 5 458 6 056 7 175 8 797 11 572 Prepaid and risk- pooling plans 24 35 50 70 73 84 114 150 Non-profit institutions serving households (NGOs) 154 165 196 203 213 231 232 287External sources 21 18 52 63 80 85 157 198

Source: WHO National Health Accounts 2007 Evolution of Budgetary Expenditures on Health

Source: Ukraine Public Expenditure Review Health Sector , Health Sector Task Force, World Bank 2007Recurrent and Capital Expenditures on Health

Public Health Expenditures by ProgramSource: Ukraine Public Expenditure Review Health Sector , Health Sector Task Force, World Bank 2007

U.S. NHA By Type of ServiceSource: Health Affairs Feb 2007

U.S. NHA Growth By Type of ServiceSource: Health Affairs Feb 2007

U.S NHA Growth in NHE and GDPSource: Health Affairs Feb 2007

U.S. NHA by Source of FundsSource: Health Affairs Feb 2007

U.S. NHA By Source of SpendingSource: Health Affairs Feb 2007

Per Capita Health Expenditure vs. Per Capita GDP Source: World Bank, WDI, 2007, World Health Organization 2007

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Bangladesh

Columbia

Lesotho

Thailand

France

Cote D'Ivoire

Croatia

GDP per capita ($US)

Total Health Expenditure per capita ($US)

Figure 1

Country NameLife Expectancy at birth

Albania2,39674Albania

Algeria2,62771Algeria

Angola1,26341Angola

Argentina3,98875Argentina

Armenia1,18271Armenia

Australia31,69080Australia

Austria35,76679Austria

Azerbaijan1,04572Azerbaijan

Bahrain15,38475Bahrain

Bangladesh40663Bangladesh

Belarus2,35668Belarus

Belgium33,80779Belgium

Belize3,66572Belize

Benin49555Benin

Bhutan81464Bhutan

Bolivia96765Bolivia

Bosnia and Herzegovina2,19274Bosnia and Herzegovina

Botswana5,07335Botswana

Brazil3,28471Brazil

Bulgaria3,13172Bulgaria

Burkina Faso37648Burkina Faso

Burundi9144Burundi

Cambodia35457Cambodia

Cameroon98446Cameroon

Canada30,58680Canada

Cape Verde1,91570Cape Verde

Central African Republic32839Central African Republic

Chad45644Chad

Chile5,89478Chile

China1,49071China

Colombia2,15573Colombia

Comoros62863Comoros

Congo, Dem. Rep.1,11844Congo

Congo, Rep.11752Democratic Republic of Congo

Costa Rica4,34979Costa Rica

Cote d'Ivoire86646Cte d'Ivoire

Croatia7,72375Croatia

Cyprus18,66879Cyprus

Czech Republic10,54276Czech Republic

Denmark44,67377Denmark

Djibouti84853Djibouti

Dominican Republic2,10468Dominican Republic

Ecuador2,52875Ecuador

Egypt, Arab Rep.1,08570Egypt

El Salvador2,34071El Salvador

Equatorial Guinea6,57243Equatorial Guinea

Eritrea21954Eritrea

Estonia8,32872Estonia

Ethiopia13942Ethiopia

Fiji3,11568Fiji

Finland35,56279Finland

France33,89680France

Gabon5,30654Gabon

Gambia, The27156Gambia

Georgia1,13571Georgia

Germany33,21278Germany

Ghana40957Ghana

Greece18,56079Greece

Guatemala2,22968Guatemala

Guinea41054Guinea

Guinea-Bissau17545Guinea-Bissau

Guyana1,04764Guyana

Haiti45552Haiti

Honduras1,04668Honduras

Hungary9,96273Hungary

Iceland41,89380Iceland

India64363India

Indonesia1,16967Indonesia

Iran, Islamic Rep.2,43971Iran, Islamic Republic of

Ireland44,64478Ireland

Israel17,19479Israel

Italy29,14380Italy

Jamaica3,35271Jamaica

Japan36,18282Japan

Jordan2,18372Jordan

Kazakhstan2,87465Kazakhstan

Kenya48148Kenya

Korea, Rep.14,13677Republic of Korea

Kuwait22,65477Kuwait

Kyrgyz Republic43468Kyrgyzstan

Lao PDR42955Lao People's Democratic Republic

Latvia5,93271Latvia

Lebanon6,17672Lebanon

Lesotho76036Lesotho

Liberia15342Liberia

Libya5,25574Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

Lithuania6,53772Lithuania

Luxembourg70,29578Luxembourg

Macedonia, FYR2,64474The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Madagascar24156Madagascar

Malawi15140Malawi

Malaysia4,75373Malaysia

Maldives2,48967Maldives

Mali37248Mali

Malta13,25679Malta

Mauritania51553Mauritania

Mauritius4,89273Mauritius

Mexico6,69875Mexico

Micronesia, Fed. Sts.2,06468Micronesia, Federated States of

Moldova61568Republic of Moldova

Mongolia64165Mongolia

Morocco1,67870Morocco

Mozambique30442Mozambique

Namibia2,84347Namibia

Nepal25362Nepal

Netherlands35,56079Netherlands

New Zealand24,36479New Zealand

Nicaragua83670Nicaragua

Niger22645Niger

Nigeria56044Nigeria

Norway54,46580Norway

Oman9,58475Oman

Pakistan63265Pakistan

Panama4,47375Panama

Papua New Guinea73656Papua New Guinea

Paraguay1,22671Paraguay

Peru2,49170Peru

Philippines1,10471Philippines

Poland6,61074Poland

Portugal15,97077Portugal

Romania3,48171Romania

Russian Federation4,10465Russian Federation

Rwanda20744Rwanda

Samoa1,94370Samoa

Sao Tome and Principe37463Sao Tome and Principe

Senegal67056Senegal

Serbia and Montenegro2,98973Serbia-Montenegro

Sierra Leone20141Sierra Leone

Singapore25,35279Singapore

Slovak Republic7,63574Slovakia

Slovenia16,27177Slovenia

Solomon Islands55463Solomon Islands

South Africa4,71745South Africa

Spain24,36080Spain

Sri Lanka1,03374Sri Lanka

St. Lucia8,45073Saint Lucia

St. Vincent and the Grenadines3,41271Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Sudan60857Sudan

Suriname2,57569Suriname

Swaziland2,24842Swaziland

Sweden38,52580Sweden

Switzerland48,38581Switzerland

Syrian Arab Republic1,34474Syrian Arab Republic

Tajikistan32264Tajikistan

Tanzania30146United Republic of Tanzania

Thailand2,53971Thailand

Togo34455Togo

Tonga2,08472Tonga

Trinidad and Tobago9,46570Trinidad and Tobago

Turkey4,22170Turkey

Uganda24549Uganda

Ukraine1,36768Ukraine

United Arab Emirates24,12179United Arab Emirates

United Kingdom35,48579United Kingdom

United States39,88377United States of America

Uruguay3,84275Uruguay

Uzbekistan45967Uzbekistan

Vanuatu1,52669Vanuatu

Venezuela, RB4,21474Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of

Vietnam55070Viet Nam

Yemen, Rep.63561Yemen

Zambia47238Zambia

Zimbabwe36337Zimbabwe

Afghanistan..

American Samoa..

Antigua and Barbuda..

Aruba..

Bahamas, The70.457611084

Barbados75.4056549072

Bermuda..

Brunei Darussalam76.8126831055

Cayman Islands..

Channel Islands79.0876083374

Cuba77.0031738281

Dominica..

Faeroe Islands..

French Polynesia73.5535583496

Germany, Fed. Rep. (former)..

Greenland..

Guam75.0070266724

Grenada..

Iraq..

Isle of Man..

Kiribati..

Korea, Dem. Rep.63.6240501404

Liechtenstein..

Macao, China80.1357040405

Marshall Islands..

Mayotte..

Monaco..

Myanmar60.7643432617

Netherlands Antilles76.238243103

New Caledonia74.6678085327

Northern Mariana Islands..

Palau..

Puerto Rico77.4851226807

Qatar73.8682403564

San Marino..

Seychelles..

Somalia47.196975708

St. Kitts and Nevis..

Timor-Leste..

Turkmenistan62.7002944946

Virgin Islands (U.S.)78.5568771362

West Bank and Gaza72.9887771606

Figure 1

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69.1646347046

73.6805877686

70.2902450562

61.2687797546

38.0779495239

37.2469749451

Turkey


Life Expectancy at Birth (years)

Figure 1 - Life Expectancy vs GDP per capita

Figure 2

74.0089263916

71.4706344604

41.1769752502

74.642539978

71.391998291

79.9375610352

79.2153625488

72.3317108154

74.6794662476

63.4609260559

68.3887786865

78.8896331787

71.8538513184

54.5680503845

63.5368766785

64.5115127563

74.2541427612

35.4946327209

70.9255599976

72.3634109497

48.1047821045

44.2289772034

56.6133155823

45.9750747681

79.7609786987

70.4194641113

39.4126815796

43.8824882507

78.010635376

71.4427337646

72.5950698853

62.8733673096

43.7128295898

52.4818534851

78.6777420044

46.1222915649

75.4146347046

79.1320724487

75.7219543457

77.4926834106

53.1365356445

67.8191680908

74.5060501099

70.2241439819

71.0835113525

42.6703414917

54.4051704407

71.5718917847

42.4804878235

68.1488265991

78.7146377563

80.1634140015

54.0777549744

56.3413162231

70.5223388672

78.4804840088

57.2043418884

78.9414596558

67.5834655762

53.9041938782

44.9474639893

63.7627792358

52.2159042358

68.2415618896

72.6487808228

80.0678634644

63.4604873657

67.3636550903

70.8352661133

78.251953125

79.3664398193

79.9802474976

70.8253631592

81.8043899536

71.7679977417

65.4306716919

48.3469772339

77.1391448975

77.3244857788

68.1536560059

55.2695121765

71.4512176514

72.3047790527

35.5957565308

42.4600982666

74.1229782104

71.9160995483

78.1821365356

73.5718917847

55.6475105286

40.2220001221

73.4907302856

67.2081451416

48.3131217957

78.7128067017

53.260974884

72.666343689

75.0902404785

67.8831253052

68.3028640747

64.6243896484

70.0760498047

41.8328285217

47.4648780823

62.1971206665

78.6926803589

79.2085342407

70.0885391235

44.6999511719

43.6533660889

79.8414611816

74.5492706299

64.9194488525

75.0721435547

56.0002441406

71.2327804565

70.381362915

70.7548294067

74.4878082275

77.4086608887

71.309753418

65.2068939209

43.9216079712

70.303314209

63.2665863037

56.142780304

73.2012710571

41.1084403992

79.3024368286

73.9585342407

76.5667037964

62.7007789612

44.643901825

80.4195098877

74.4202957153

73.4418563843

71.3493652344

56.5465354919

69.4860992432

42.2097549438

80.4975585938

81.0878067017

73.5892715454

63.8622436523

46.1942443848

70.5184402466

54.7964859009

72.4694137573

69.938293457

69.9219512939

48.8906326294

68.1853637695

78.9238510132

78.5161590576

77.4251251221

75.2163391113

67.0231246948

69.1646347046

73.6805877686

70.2902450562

61.2687797546

38.0779495239

37.2469749451

Turkey

GDP per capita

Life Expectancy

Life Expectancy vs GDP per capita

Figure 3

Country CodeCountry NameGDP per capitaSH.DYN.MORT--Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000)--

ALBAlbania2,39618.6000003815AlbaniaAlbania

DZAAlgeria2,62740AlgeriaAlgeria

AGOAngola1,263260AngolaAngola

ATGArgentina3,98818.2000007629ArgentinaArgentina

ARGArmenia1,18232.2000007629ArmeniaArmenia

ARMAustralia31,6905.5AustraliaAustralia

AUSAustria35,7664.9000000954AustriaAustria

AUTAzerbaijan1,04589.8000030518AzerbaijanAzerbaijan

AZEBahrain15,38410.8999996185BahrainBahrain

BHRBangladesh40677BangladeshBangladesh

BGDBelarus2,35611.3999996185BelarusBelarus

BLRBelgium33,8074.9000000954BelgiumBelgium

BELBelize3,66538.5999984741BelizeBelize

BLZBenin495152BeninBenin

BENBhutan81480BhutanBhutan

BTNBolivia96769BoliviaBolivia

BOLBosnia and Herzegovina2,19215.3999996185Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina

BIHBotswana5,073116BotswanaBotswana

BWABrazil3,28434.2000007629BrazilBrazil

BRABulgaria3,13115BulgariaBulgaria

BGRBurkina Faso376192Burkina FasoBurkina Faso

BFABurundi91190BurundiBurundi

BDICambodia354141.3999938965CambodiaCambodia

KHMCameroon984149.3999938965CameroonCameroon

CMRCanada30,5865.6999998093CanadaCanada

CANCape Verde1,91536.4000015259Cape VerdeCape Verde

CPVCentral African Republic328193Central African RepublicCentral African Republic

CAFChad456200ChadChad

TCDChile5,8948.3999996185ChileChile

CHLChina1,49031ChinaChina

CHNColombia2,15520.5ColombiaColombia

COLComoros62870ComorosComoros

COMCongo, Dem. Rep.1,118205Congo, Dem. Rep.Congo, Dem. Rep.

ZARCongo, Rep.117108Congo, Rep.Congo, Rep.

COGCosta Rica4,34912.6000003815Costa RicaCosta Rica

CRICote d'Ivoire866193.6000061035Cote d'IvoireCote d'Ivoire

CIVCroatia7,7237.3000001907CroatiaCroatia

HRVCyprus18,6685.1999998093CyprusCyprus

CYPCzech Republic10,5424.4000000954Czech RepublicCzech Republic

CZEDenmark44,6735DenmarkDenmark

DNKDjibouti848125.5999984741DjiboutiDjibouti

DJIDominican Republic2,10432Dominican RepublicDominican Republic

DMAEcuador2,52826.3999996185EcuadorEcuador

DOMEgypt, Arab Rep.1,08536.2000007629Egypt, Arab Rep.Egypt, Arab Rep.

ECUEl Salvador2,34028.3999996185El SalvadorEl Salvador

EGYEquatorial Guinea6,572204Equatorial GuineaEquatorial Guinea

SLVEritrea21982EritreaEritrea

GNQEstonia8,3288EstoniaEstonia

ERIEthiopia139166.3999938965EthiopiaEthiopia

ESTFiji3,11520FijiFiji

ETHFinland35,5623.5999999046FinlandFinland

FJIFrance33,8964.5999999046FranceFrance

FINGabon5,30691GabonGabon

FRAGambia, The271122Gambia, TheGambia, The

GABGeorgia1,13545GeorgiaGeorgia

GMBGermany33,2124.6999998093GermanyGermany

GEOGhana409112GhanaGhana

DEUGreece18,5604.9000000954GreeceGreece

GHAGuatemala2,22945GuatemalaGuatemala

GRCGuinea410155GuineaGuinea

GRDGuinea-Bissau175203Guinea-BissauGuinea-Bissau

GTMGuyana1,04764.4000015259GuyanaGuyana

GINHaiti455117HaitiHaiti

GNBHonduras1,04640.5999984741HondurasHonduras

GUYHungary9,9628HungaryHungary

HTIIceland41,8932.9000000954IcelandIceland

HNDIndia64385.1999969482IndiaIndia

HUNIndonesia1,16938.4000015259IndonesiaIndonesia

ISLIran, Islamic Rep.2,43937.5999984741Iran, Islamic Rep.Iran, Islamic Rep.

INDIreland44,6446.1999998093IrelandIreland

IDNIsrael17,1945.9000000954IsraelIsrael

IRNItaly29,1434.5999999046ItalyItaly

IRLJamaica3,35220JamaicaJamaica

ISRJapan36,1823.7999999523JapanJapan

ITAJordan2,18326.7999992371JordanJordan

JAMKazakhstan2,87473KazakhstanKazakhstan

JPNKenya481119.5KenyaKenya

JORKiribati14,13665.1999969482KiribatiKorea, Rep.

KAZKorea, Rep.22,6545.5Korea, Rep.Kuwait

KENKuwait43411.6999998093KuwaitKyrgyz Republic

KIRKyrgyz Republic42967.5999984741Kyrgyz RepublicLao PDR

KORLao PDR5,93283Lao PDRLatvia

KWTLatvia6,17611.8999996185LatviaLebanon

KGZLebanon76030.5LebanonLesotho

LAOLesotho153112.1900024414LesothoLiberia

LVALiberia5,255235LiberiaLibya

LBNLibya6,53719.6000003815LibyaLithuania

LSOLithuania70,2958.3000001907LithuaniaLuxembourg

LBRLuxembourg2,6445.5999999046LuxembourgMacedonia, FYR

LBYMadagascar241122.5999984741MadagascarMadagascar

LTUMalawi151175.1999969482MalawiMalawi

LUXMalaysia4,75312.3999996185MalaysiaMalaysia

MKDMaldives2,48945.5999984741MaldivesMaldives

MDGMali372219MaliMali

MWIMalta13,2565.8000001907MaltaMalta

MYSMarshall Islands51559Marshall IslandsMauritania

MDVMauritania4,892125MauritaniaMauritius

MLIMexico6,69827.6000003815MexicoMexico

MLTMicronesia, Fed. Sts.2,06422.5Micronesia, Fed. Sts.Micronesia, Fed. Sts.

MHLMoldova61528MoldovaMoldova

MRTMongolia64152.2000007629MongoliaMongolia

MUSMorocco1,67842.7999992371MoroccoMorocco

MEXMozambique304151.6000061035MozambiqueMozambique

FSMNamibia2,84363.4000015259NamibiaNamibia

MDANepal25376.1999969482NepalNepal

MNGNetherlands35,5605.5999999046NetherlandsNetherlands

MARNew Zealand24,3646.5New ZealandNew Zealand

MOZNicaragua83638.2000007629NicaraguaNicaragua

NAMNiger226258.799987793NigerNiger

NPLNigeria560196.6000061035NigeriaNigeria

NLDNorway54,4654.1999998093NorwayNorway

NZLOman9,58412.5OmanOman

NICPakistan632100.8000030518PakistanPakistan

NERPanama4,47323.8999996185PanamaPanama

NGAPapua New Guinea73692.5999984741Papua New GuineaPapua New Guinea

NORParaguay1,22623.7999992371ParaguayParaguay

OMNPeru2,49129.2000007629PeruPeru

PAKPhilippines1,10434.4000015259PhilippinesPhilippines

PLWPoland6,6107.5PolandPoland

PANPortugal15,9705.3000001907PortugalPortugal

PNGRomania3,48119.8999996185RomaniaRomania

PRYRussian Federation4,10420.6000003815Russian FederationRussian Federation

PERRwanda207203RwandaRwanda

PHLSamoa1,94330SamoaSamoa

POLSao Tome and Principe374118Sao Tome and PrincipeSao Tome and Principe

PRTSenegal670136.6000061035SenegalSenegal

ROMSerbia and Montenegro2,98914.8999996185Serbia and MontenegroSerbia and Montenegro

RUSSierra Leone201282.799987793Sierra LeoneSierra Leone

RWASingapore25,3523.2999999523SingaporeSingapore

WSMSlovak Republic7,6358.5Slovak RepublicSlovak Republic

STPSlovenia16,2714.3000001907SloveniaSlovenia

SAUSolomon Islands55456Solomon IslandsSolomon Islands

SENSouth Africa4,71767South AfricaSouth Africa

YUGSpain24,3604.5SpainSpain

SYCSri Lanka1,03314.1000003815Sri LankaSri Lanka

SLESt. Lucia8,45014.3999996185St. LuciaSt. Lucia

SGPSt. Vincent and the Grenadines3,41222.1000003815St. Vincent and the GrenadinesSt. Vincent and the Grenadines

SVKSudan60891.4000015259SudanSudan

SVNSuriname2,57539.4000015259SurinameSuriname

SLBSwaziland2,248156.3999938965SwazilandSwaziland

ZAFSweden38,5253.7000000477SwedenSweden

ESPSwitzerland48,3855.0999999046SwitzerlandSwitzerland

LKASyrian Arab Republic1,34416.3999996185Syrian Arab RepublicSyrian Arab Republic

LCATajikistan32292.9499969482TajikistanTajikistan

VCTTanzania301126TanzaniaTanzania

SDNThailand2,53921.2000007629ThailandThailand

SURTogo344139.6000061035TogoTogo

SWZTonga2,08424.5TongaTonga

SWETrinidad and Tobago9,46519.7999992371Trinidad and TobagoTrinidad and Tobago

CHETurkey4,22132TurkeyTurkey

SYRUganda245137.8000030518UgandaUganda

TJKUkraine1,36718UkraineUkraine

TZAUnited Arab Emirates24,1217.5999999046United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates

THAUnited Kingdom35,4855.8000001907United KingdomUnited Kingdom

TMPUnited States39,8837.5999999046United StatesUnited States

TGOUruguay3,84217UruguayUruguay

TONUzbekistan45968.5999984741UzbekistanUzbekistan

TTOVanuatu1,52640VanuatuVanuatu

TUNVenezuela, RB4,21418.5Venezuela, RBVenezuela, RB

TURVietnam55023.2000007629VietnamVietnam

UGAYemen, Rep.635111.4000015259Yemen, Rep.Yemen, Rep.

UKRZambia472182ZambiaZambia

AREZimbabwe363129ZimbabweZimbabwe

GBR

USA

URY

UZB

VUT

VEN

VNM

YEM

ZMB

ZWE

Figure 3

18.6000003815

40

260

18.2000007629

32.2000007629

5.5

4.9000000954

89.8000030518

10.8999996185

77

11.3999996185

4.9000000954

38.5999984741

152

80

69

15.3999996185

116

34.2000007629

15

192

190

141.3999938965

149.3999938965

5.6999998093

36.4000015259

193

200

8.3999996185

31

20.5

70

205

108

12.6000003815

193.6000061035

7.3000001907

5.1999998093

4.4000000954

5

125.5999984741

32

26.3999996185

36.2000007629

28.3999996185

204

82

8

166.3999938965

20

3.5999999046

4.5999999046

91

122

45

4.6999998093

112

4.9000000954

45

155

203

64.4000015259

117

40.5999984741

8

2.9000000954

85.1999969482

38.4000015259

37.5999984741

6.1999998093

5.9000000954

4.5999999046

20

3.7999999523

26.7999992371

73

119.5

65.1999969482

5.5

11.6999998093

67.5999984741

83

11.8999996185

30.5

112.1900024414

235

19.6000003815

8.3000001907

5.5999999046

122.5999984741

175.1999969482

12.3999996185

45.5999984741

219

5.8000001907

59

125

27.6000003815

22.5

28

52.2000007629

42.7999992371

151.6000061035

63.4000015259

76.1999969482

5.5999999046

6.5

38.2000007629

258.799987793

196.6000061035

4.1999998093

12.5

100.8000030518

23.8999996185

92.5999984741

23.7999992371

29.2000007629

34.4000015259

7.5

5.3000001907

19.8999996185

20.6000003815

203

30

118

136.6000061035

14.8999996185

282.799987793

3.2999999523

8.5

4.3000001907

56

67

4.5

14.1000003815

14.3999996185

22.1000003815

91.4000015259

39.4000015259

156.3999938965

3.7000000477

5.0999999046

16.3999996185

92.9499969482

126

21.2000007629

139.6000061035

24.5

19.7999992371

32

137.8000030518

18

7.5999999046

5.8000001907

7.5999999046

17

68.5999984741

40

18.5

23.2000007629

111.4000015259

182

129

Turkey


Under-5 Mortality (per 1,000 live births)

Figure 2 - Child Mortality vs GDP per capita

Figure 4

20042004

CountryGDP per capitaTHE % GDPGHE % GDPGHE % THEPrivate % THEExternal % THEPer capita health exp at exchange rateper capita public health exp at exchange rate

Burundi91.20544280243.20.826.273.817.630.786BurundiBurundi91

Congo116.51186409562.51.249.250.83.62813.776CongoCongo, Rep.117

Ethiopia139.11476008585.42.8524834.863.12EthiopiaEthiopia139

Malawi150.919446449112.89.674.725.3401914.193MalawiMalawi151

Lesotho153.30598430286.55.584.215.88.74941.258LesothoLesotho153

Guinea-Bissau175.31286890024.81.327.372.731.692.457Guinea-BissauGuinea-Bissau175

Sierra Leone200.78103023193.31.9594135.474.13Sierra LeoneSierra Leone201

Rwanda206.56355193697.54.356.843.237.1169.088RwandaRwanda207

Eritrea219.31821857684.51.839.260.859.6103.92EritreaEritrea219

Niger226.16072270714.22.253.446.621.194.806NigerNiger226

Madagascar240.92718908543.52.364.435.639.685.152MadagascarMadagascar241

Uganda245.22092225627.62.532.767.325.2196.213UgandaUganda245

Nepal252.57281317685.61.526.373.717.6143.682NepalNepal253

Gambia271.26056361866.81.827.172.923184.878GambiaGambia, The271

United Republic of Tanzania300.602379424341.743.656.427.1125.232United Republic of TanzaniaTanzania301

Mozambique304.38870670842.768.431.655.9128.208MozambiqueMozambique304

Tajikistan322.31092186714.4121.678.49.1143.024TajikistanTajikistan322

Central African Republic328.01009340014.11.536.863.247.7134.784Central African RepublicCentral African Republic328

Togo344.16812827515.31.121.378.79.1173.621TogoTogo344

Cambodia353.97749563476.71.725.874.228.5246.192CambodiaCambodia354

Zimbabwe363.00300696617.53.546.153.913.12712.447ZimbabweZimbabwe363

Mali371.99999420916.63.249.250.813.82411.808MaliMali372

Sao Tome and Principe373.537485944411.59.986.213.853.34841.376Sao Tome and PrincipeSao Tome and Principe374

Burkina Faso376.21596785326.13.354.845.226.82413.152Burkina FasoBurkina Faso376

Bangladesh406.49204887583.10.928.171.915.1143.934BangladeshBangladesh406

Ghana409.39302045196.72.842.257.829.92711.394GhanaGhana409

Guinea410.29261470555.30.713.286.89.5222.904GuineaGuinea410

Kyrgyzstan429.44780759355.62.340.959.115.1249.816KyrgyzstanKyrgyz Republic429

Kuwait434.24726898872.82.277.622.40633491.208KuwaitKuwait434

Haiti455.25100651957.62.938.561.514.23312.705HaitiHaiti455

Chad455.79319775824.21.536.963.17207.38ChadChad456

Uzbekistan459.00255545265.12.446.653.43.92310.718UzbekistanUzbekistan459

Zambia472.43367971425.93.152.147.951.32814.588ZambiaZambia472

Kenya480.6943072364.11.842.757.318.3208.54KenyaKenya481

Benin494.96577315884.92.551.248.810.22412.288BeninBenin495

Marshall Islands514.674321230615.214.797316.9272263.84Marshall IslandsMarshall Islands515

Viet Nam550.25928708145.51.527.172.92308.13Viet NamVietnam550

Solomon Islands554.16585478965.95.694.55.560.83533.075Solomon IslandsSolomon Islands554

Nigeria559.8169866314.61.430.469.65.6236.992NigeriaNigeria560

Sudan608.31806693743.31.133.266.86.4206.64SudanSudan608

Comoros628.11022186542.81.656.943.118.3137.397ComorosComoros628

Pakistan632.08022114032.20.419.680.42.5142.744PakistanPakistan632

Yemen634.944298967951.938.361.7153413.022YemenYemen, Rep.635

Mongolia641.10657814776466.633.44.63724.642MongoliaMongolia641

India643.40914644450.917.382.70.5315.363IndiaIndia643

Senegal669.84843182985.92.440.359.712.83915.717SenegalSenegal670

Papua New Guinea736.12509054573.6384.315.726.53025.29Papua New GuineaPapua New Guinea736

Lebanon760.480132059911.33.228.771.30.7650186.55LebanonLebanon760

Bhutan813.61156626914.6364.235.822.5159.63BhutanBhutan814

Nicaragua836.22422332758.13.846.453.611.46630.624NicaraguaNicaragua836

Djibouti847.73684575326.34.469.230.8345336.676DjiboutiDjibouti848

Cte d'Ivoire865.87020604863.80.923.876.25337.854Cte d'IvoireCote d'Ivoire866

Bolivia967.19039143446.84.160.739.380.66640.062BoliviaBolivia967

Cameroon983.63927998365.21.528725.35114.28CameroonCameroon984

Sri Lanka1032.73895481744.21.945.354.71.34219.026Sri LankaSri Lanka1,033

Azerbaijan1045.02673986323.60.925751.6379.25AzerbaijanAzerbaijan1,045

Honduras1045.83359313497.2454.945.18.77742.273HondurasHonduras1,046

Guyana1047.31959180635.34.483.516.530.15646.76GuyanaGuyana1,047

Egypt1084.71964933235.92.237636423.68EgyptEgypt, Arab Rep.1,085

Philippines1103.93754401043.41.439.860.23.63614.328PhilippinesPhilippines1,104

Democratic Republic of Congo1118.460476540141.128.171.919.151.405Democratic Republic of CongoCongo, Dem. Rep.1,118

Georgia1134.50327834494.81.123.276.810.75512.76GeorgiaGeorgia1,135

Indonesia1168.7144939722.8134.265.81.33311.286IndonesiaIndonesia1,169

Armenia1181.92662806685.31.324.875.210.36215.376ArmeniaArmenia1,182

Paraguay1225.57456463117.72.633.766.31.98829.656ParaguayParaguay1,226

Angola1263.0163790962.62.284.815.26.73428.832AngolaAngola1,263

Syrian Arab Republic1343.89471876024.72.247.452.60.25827.492Syrian Arab RepublicSyrian Arab Republic1,344

Ukraine1367.36130885546.53.756.743.30.79051.03UkraineUkraine1,367

China1490.33939462174.71.838620.17026.6ChinaChina1,490

Vanuatu1525.83978276284.13.176.823.222.95844.544VanuatuVanuatu1,526

Morocco1677.54979022395.11.734.365.70.98228.126MoroccoMorocco1,678

Cape Verde1914.72654093235.23.975.824.220.79874.284Cape VerdeCape Verde1,915

Samoa1943.46717751685.44.277.422.61211286.688SamoaSamoa1,943

Micronesia, Federated States of2063.97972486357.66.585.714.371.9156133.692Micronesia, Federated States ofMicronesia, Fed. Sts.2,064

Tonga2083.70104528255.95.1861431.210993.74TongaTonga2,084

Dominican Republic2104.485509023361.931.668.41.514846.768Dominican RepublicDominican Republic2,104

Colombia2154.8067527357.86.786140.1168144.48ColombiaColombia2,155

Jordan2183.1461309749.84.748.451.67.120096.8JordanJordan2,183

Bosnia and Herzegovina2191.98612193598.34.149.450.61.319897.812Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina2,192

Guatemala2228.51569339025.72.341592.312752.07GuatemalaGuatemala2,229

Swaziland2247.98361285046.3463.836.29.514693.148SwazilandSwaziland2,248

El Salvador2339.62919946498.64.249.350.71.220199.093El SalvadorEl Salvador2,340

Belarus2355.51470028566.24.674.925.1n/a147110.103BelarusBelarus2,356

Albania2396.28314115676.7344.155.92.415769.237AlbaniaAlbania2,396

Iran, Islamic Republic of2439.28265238296.63.247.852.20.215875.524Iran, Islamic Republic ofIran, Islamic Rep.2,439

Maldives2489.49929637986.95.579.420.61.8163129.422MaldivesMaldives2,489

Peru2491.00191304154.52.350.649.41.211156.166PeruPeru2,491

Ecuador2527.91719253645.52.240.759.30.812751.689EcuadorEcuador2,528

Thailand2538.52752465473.52.364.735.30.38856.936ThailandThailand2,539

Suriname2574.58786005466.73.146548.619489.24SurinameSuriname2,575

Algeria2627.32773546793.62.672.527.509468.15AlgeriaAlgeria2,627

Luxembourg2643.899281503887.290.49.6059635390.552LuxembourgLuxembourg2,644

Namibia2842.96430062746.54.670.829.217.3185130.98NamibiaNamibia2,843

Kazakhstan2874.30971540223.72.362.437.60.910867.392KazakhstanKazakhstan2,874

Serbia-Montenegro2989.25042274278.35.566.233.80.6179118.498Serbia-MontenegroSerbia and Montenegro2,989

Fiji3115.02603905264.62.962.337.79.614892.204FijiFiji3,115

Bulgaria3131.050006957984.657.642.41251144.576BulgariaBulgaria3,131

Brazil3284.02300710938.84.854.145.90290156.89BrazilBrazil3,284

Jamaica3352.27016789925.53.156.743.32185104.895JamaicaJamaica3,352

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines3411.98095045096.13.963.236.80.1210132.72Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesSt. Vincent and the Grenadines3,412

Romania3481.20118327595.13.466.133.925178117.658RomaniaRomania3,481

Belize3664.54352441615.12.753.846.21.4200107.6BelizeBelize3,665

Uruguay3842.1323452758.23.643.556.50.3315137.025UruguayUruguay3,842

Argentina3987.708933352993.841.758.30.2359149.703ArgentinaArgentina3,988

Russian Federation4104.040655805163.761.338.70.1245150.185Russian FederationRussian Federation4,104

Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of4214.17681938224.724258019682.32Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic ofVenezuela, RB4,214

Turkey4221.36091790647.75.672.127.90322232.162TurkeyTurkey4,221

Costa Rica4348.85669887196.65.177230.8290223.3Costa RicaCosta Rica4,349

Panama4473.20212360587.75.266.933.10.2343229.467PanamaPanama4,473

South Africa4716.91398238378.63.540.459.60.5390157.56South AfricaSouth Africa4,717

Malaysia4752.78551300193.82.258.941.10.1181106.609MalaysiaMalaysia4,753

Mauritania4892.0627867992.9269.430.620.21510.41MauritaniaMauritania4,892

Botswana5072.69242135616.4462.937.12.5329206.941BotswanaBotswana5,073

Liberia5254.51373867025.63.663.936.137.895.751LiberiaLiberia5,255

Gabon5306.10887368784.53.168.831.21.3231158.928GabonGabon5,306

Chile5893.51862248486.12.947530.1359168.73ChileChile5,894

Lao People's Democratic Republic5932.3712782122.80.827.472.623.3123.288Lao People's Democratic RepublicLao PDR5,932

Latvia6176.37426086566.43.452.547.50.3380199.5LatviaLatvia6,176

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya6537.11661349043.82.874.925.10195146.055Libyan Arab JamahiriyaLibya6,537

Equatorial Guinea6572.08578864081.61.277.122.93.8168129.528Equatorial GuineaEquatorial Guinea6,572

Poland6609.604477066.54.568.631.40.1411281.946PolandPoland6,610

Mexico6697.57210960616.5346.453.60.3417193.488MexicoMexico6,698

Slovakia7634.80864390837.75.369.330.70601416.493SlovakiaSlovak Republic7,635

Croatia7723.12240143177.76.281190.4609493.29CroatiaCroatia7,723

Estonia8327.95987245355.3476240.5463351.88EstoniaEstonia8,328

Saint Lucia8450.326879563553.365350.7232150.8Saint LuciaSt. Lucia8,450

Trinidad and Tobago9464.63794938473.51.438.961.11.9329127.981Trinidad and TobagoTrinidad and Tobago9,465

Oman9583.856603585932.481.418.60295240.13OmanOman9,584

Hungary9961.83144929388.3672.527.50.4827599.575HungaryHungary9,962

Czech Republic10541.67981848957.36.589.210.80771687.732Czech RepublicCzech Republic10,542

Malta13256.18410154199.17.178.221.801223956.386MaltaMalta13,256

Kiribati14135.687524879313.712.793727.9112104.16KiribatiKiribati14,136

Republic of Korea14135.68752487935.62.951.448.60787404.518Republic of Korea14,136

Bahrain15384.120119583142.767.232.80620416.64BahrainBahrain15,384

Portugal15969.991383517310.17.473.226.8015971169.004PortugalPortugal15,970

Slovenia16271.43998494248.36.274.325.70.113691017.167SloveniaSlovenia16,271

Israel17193.95920851998.85.966.833.22.515631044.084IsraelIsrael17,194

Greece18560.0454958289.95.252.847.2n/a1880992.64GreeceGreece18,560

Cyprus18668.22271568235.92.644.355.701109491.287CyprusCyprus18,668

United Arab Emirates24121.28521481482.9269.930.10711496.989United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates24,121

Spain24359.82224247778.15.770.929.1019601389.64SpainSpain24,360

New Zealand24364.3353420348.46.577.422.6020401578.96New ZealandNew Zealand24,364

Singapore25351.52659198643.71.334660943320.62SingaporeSingapore25,352

Italy29142.63788141378.46.476.423.6025141920.696ItalyItaly29,143

Canada30586.00234713039.96.969.830.2030192107.262CanadaCanada30,586

Australia31690.45403132619.66.567.532.5031232108.025AustraliaAustralia31,690

Germany33212.26088360210.58.176.925.4035022693.038GermanyGermany33,212

Belgium33807.48599003899.8771.128.9033502381.85BelgiumBelgium33,807

France33895.907724118410.58.278.421.6035862811.424FranceFrance33,896

United Kingdom35485.15301285878.3784.815.2029332487.184United KingdomUnited Kingdom35,485

Netherlands35560.05769557829.25.762.437.6034182132.832NetherlandsNetherlands35,560

Finland35561.86566434777.55.776.623.4026652041.39FinlandFinland35,562

Austria35766.38274039039.66.870.729.3034392431.373AustriaAustria35,766

Japan36182.00747037757.86.38119028312293.11JapanJapan36,182

Sweden38524.53463113979.27.884.915.1035312997.819SwedenSweden38,525

United States of America39882.917261059515.36.844.755.3061032728.041United States of AmericaUnited States39,883

Iceland41892.99424237129.98.383.416.6044073675.438IcelandIceland41,893

Ireland44644.00638112847.25.779.520.5032282566.26IrelandIreland44,644

Denmark44673.29519434338.67.283.616.4038363206.896DenmarkDenmark44,673

Switzerland48384.668721000611.66.858.441.6056443296.096SwitzerlandSwitzerland48,385

Norway54464.78553011659.78.183.516.5054054513.175NorwayNorway54,465

Lithuania70294.54090414556.54.975253.1424318LithuaniaLithuania70,295

Figure 4

3

2.6

2.2

3.8

1.3

6.5

6.8

0.9

2.7

0.9

4.6

7

2.7

2.5

3

4.1

4.1

4

4.8

4.6

3.3

0.8

1.7

1.5

6.9

3.9

1.5

1.5

2.9

1.8

6.7

1.6

1.1

1.2

5.1

0.9

6.2

2.6

6.5

7.2

4.4

1.9

2.2

2.2

4.2

1.2

1.8

4

2.8

2.9

5.7

8.2

3.1

1.8

1.1

8.1

2.8

5.2

2.3

0.7

1.3

4.4

2.9

4

6

8.3

0.9

1

3.2

5.7

5.9

6.4

3.1

6.3

4.7

2.3

1.8

12.7

2.2

2.3

0.8

3.4

3.2

5.5

3.6

2.8

4.9

7.2

2.3

9.6

2.2

5.5

3.2

7.1

14.7

2

3

6.5

4

1.7

2.7

4.6

1.5

5.7

6.5

3.8

2.2

1.4

8.1

2.4

0.4

5.2

3

2.6

2.3

1.4

4.5

7.4

2.9

3.4

3.7

4.3

3.3

3.9

4.2

9.9

2.4

5.5

1.9

1.3

5.3

6.2

5.6

3.5

5.7

1.9

1.1

3.1

4

7.8

6.8

2.2

1

2.3

1.1

5.1

1.4

5.6

2.5

3.7

2

7

1.7

6.8

3.6

2.4

3.1

2

1.5

1.9

3.1

3.5

Turkey


Government Health Expenditure (percentage of GDP)

Figure 4 - Government Health Expenditure vs GDP per capita

Figure 5

55.9

27.5

15.2

58.3

75.2

32.5

29.3

75

32.8

71.9

25.1

28.9

46.2

48.8

35.8

39.3

50.6

37.1

45.9

42.4

45.2

73.8

74.2

72

30.2

24.2

63.2

63.1

53

62

14

43.1

71.9

50.8

23

76.2

19

55.7

10.8

16.4

30.8

68.4

59.3

63

50.7

22.9

60.8

24

48

37.7

23.4

21.6

31.2

72.9

76.8

25.4

57.8

47.2

59

86.8

72.7

16.5

61.5

45.1

27.5

16.6

82.7

65.8

52.2

20.5

33.2

23.6

43.3

19

51.6

37.6

57.3

7

22.4

59.1

72.6

47.5

71.3

15.8

36.1

25.1

25

9.6

35.6

25.3

41.1

20.6

50.8

21.8

3

30.6

53.6

14.3

33.4

65.7

31.6

29.2

73.7

37.6

22.6

53.6

46.6

69.6

16.5

18.6

80.4

33.1

15.7

66.3

49.4

60.2

31.4

26.8

48.6

33.9

38.7

43.2

35

36.8

22.6

13.8

59.7

33.8

41

66

30.7

25.7

5.5

59.6

29.1

54.7

66.8

54

36.2

15.1

41.6

52.6

78.4

35.3

78.7

14

61.1

27.9

67.3

43.3

30.1

15.2

56.4

55.3

56.5

53.4

23.2

58

72.9

61.7

47.9

53.9

Turkey

GDP per capita

Private Health Expenditure (percentage of THE)

Private Health Expenditure vs GDP per capita

Figure 6

157

94

34

359

62

3123

3439

37

620

14

147

3350

200

24

15

66

198

329

290

251

24

3

24

51

3019

98

13

20

359

70

168

13

5

28

290

33

609

1109

771

3836

53

148

127

64

201

168

10

463

6

148

2665

3586

231

18

55

3502

27

1880

127

22

9

56

33

77

827

4407

31

33

158

3228

1563

2514

185

2831

200

108

20

112

633

24

12

380

650

49

9

195

424

5963

8

19

181

163

24

1223

272

15

417

156

37

82

12

185

14

3418

2040

66

9

23

5405

295

14

343

30

88

111

36

411

1597

787

178

245

16

232

210

112

48

39

179

7

943

601

1369

35

390

1960

42

20

194

146

3531

5644

58

14

88

17

109

329

322

19

90

711

2933

12

6103

315

23

58

196

30

34

28

27

Turkey

GDP per capita

Health Expenditures per capita (exchange rate)

Health Expenditure per capita vs GDP per capita

Figure7

6.7

3.6

2.6

9

5.3

9.6

9.6

3.6

4

3.1

6.2

9.8

5.1

4.9

4.6

6.8

8.3

6.4

8.8

8

6.1

3.2

6.7

5.2

9.9

5.2

4.1

4.2

6.1

4.7

7.8

2.8

4

2.5

6.6

3.8

7.7

5.9

7.3

8.6

6.3

6

5.5

5.9

8.6

1.6

4.5

5.3

5.4

4.6

7.5

10.5

4.5

6.8

4.8

10.5

6.7

9.9

5.7

5.3

4.8

5.3

7.6

7.2

8.3

9.9

5

2.8

6.6

7.2

8.8

8.4

5.5

7.8

9.8

3.7

4.1

13.7

2.8

5.6

2.8

6.4

11.3

6.5

5.6

3.8

6.5

8

3.5

12.8

3.8

6.9

6.6

9.1

15.2

2.9

6.5

7.6

6

5.1

4

6.5

5.6

9.2

8.4

8.1

4.2

4.6

9.7

3

2.2

7.7

3.6

7.7

4.5

3.4

6.5

10.1

5.6

5.1

6

7.5

5

6.1

5.4

11.5

5.9

8.3

3.3

3.7

7.7

8.3

5.9

8.6

8.1

4.2

3.3

6.7

6.3

9.2

11.6

4.7

4.4

3.5

5.3

5.9

3.5

7.7

7.6

6.5

2.9

8.3

4

15.3

8.2

5.1

4.1

4.7

5.5

5

5.9

7.5

Algeria

Slovenia

USA

Vietnam

Bolivia

India

Benin

Bulgaria


Total Health Expenditure (percentage of GDP)

Figure 8

Turkey

Bangladesh

Columbia

Lesotho

Thailand

France

Cote D'Ivoire

Croatia


Total Health Expenditure per capita ($US)

Figure 9

Turkey


Government Health Expenditure per capita ($US)

Figure 10

20042003

CountryGDP per capitaTHE % GDPGHE % GDPGHE % THEPrivate % THEExternal % THEPer capita health exp at exchange rate

Albania2396.28314115676.7344.155.92.4157AlbaniaAlbania2,396

Algeria2627.32773546793.62.672.527.5094AlgeriaAlgeria2,627

Angola1263.0163790962.62.284.815.26.734AngolaAngola1,263

Argentina3987.708933352993.841.758.30.2359ArgentinaArgentina3,988

Armenia1181.92662806685.31.324.875.210.362ArmeniaArmenia1,182

Australia31690.45403132619.66.567.532.503123AustraliaAustralia31,690

Austria35766.38274039039.66.870.729.303439AustriaAustria35,766

Azerbaijan1045.02673986323.60.925751.637AzerbaijanAzerbaijan1,045

Bahrain15384.120119583142.767.232.80620BahrainBahrain15,384

Bangladesh406.49204887583.10.928.171.915.114BangladeshBangladesh406

Belarus2355.51470028566.24.674.925.1n/a147BelarusBelarus2,356

Belgium33807.48599003899.8771.128.903350BelgiumBelgium33,807

Belize3664.54352441615.12.753.846.21.4200BelizeBelize3,665

Benin494.96577315884.92.551.248.810.224BeninBenin495

Bhutan813.61156626914.6364.235.822.515BhutanBhutan814

Bolivia967.19039143446.84.160.739.380.666BoliviaBolivia967

Bosnia and Herzegovina2191.98612193598.34.149.450.61.3198Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina2,192

Botswana5072.69242135616.4462.937.12.5329BotswanaBotswana5,073

Brazil3284.02300710938.84.854.145.90290BrazilBrazil3,284

Bulgaria3131.050006957984.657.642.41251BulgariaBulgaria3,131

Burkina Faso376.21596785326.13.354.845.226.824Burkina FasoBurkina Faso376

Burundi91.20544280243.20.826.273.817.63BurundiBurundi91

Cambodia353.97749563476.71.725.874.228.524CambodiaCambodia354

Cameroon983.63927998365.21.528725.351CameroonCameroon984

Canada30586.00234713039.96.969.830.203019CanadaCanada30,586

Cape Verde1914.72654093235.23.975.824.220.798Cape VerdeCape Verde1,915

Central African Republic328.01009340014.11.536.863.247.713Central African RepublicCentral African Republic328

Chad455.79319775824.21.536.963.1720ChadChad456

Chile5893.51862248486.12.947530.1359ChileChile5,894

China1490.33939462174.71.838620.170ChinaChina1,490

Colombia2154.8067527357.86.786140.1168ColombiaColombia2,155

Comoros628.11022186542.81.656.943.118.313ComorosComoros628

Democratic Republic of Congo1118.460476540141.128.171.919.15Democratic Republic of CongoCongo, Dem. Rep.1,118

Congo116.51186409562.51.249.250.83.628CongoCongo, Rep.117

Costa Rica4348.85669887196.65.177230.8290Costa RicaCosta Rica4,349

Cte d'Ivoire865.87020604863.80.923.876.2533Cte d'IvoireCote d'Ivoire866

Croatia7723.12240143177.76.281190.4609CroatiaCroatia7,723

Cyprus18668.22271568235.92.644.355.701109CyprusCyprus18,668

Czech Republic10541.67981848957.36.589.210.80771Czech RepublicCzech Republic10,542

Denmark44673.29519434338.67.283.616.403836DenmarkDenmark44,673

Djibouti847.73684575326.34.469.230.83453DjiboutiDjibouti848

Dominican Republic2104.485509023361.931.668.41.5148Dominican RepublicDominican Republic2,104

Ecuador2527.91719253645.52.240.759.30.8127EcuadorEcuador2,528

Egypt1084.71964933235.92.2376364EgyptEgypt, Arab Rep.1,085

El Salvador2339.62919946498.64.249.350.71.2201El SalvadorEl Salvador2,340

Equatorial Guinea6572.08578864081.61.277.122.93.8168Equatorial GuineaEquatorial Guinea6,572

Eritrea219.31821857684.51.839.260.859.610EritreaEritrea219

Estonia8327.95987245355.3476240.5463EstoniaEstonia8,328

Ethiopia139.11476008585.42.8524834.86EthiopiaEthiopia139

Fiji3115.02603905264.62.962.337.79.6148FijiFiji3,115

Finland35561.86566434777.55.776.623.402665FinlandFinland35,562

France33895.907724118410.58.278.421.603586FranceFrance33,896

Gabon5306.10887368784.53.168.831.21.3231GabonGabon5,306

Gambia271.26056361866.81.827.172.92318GambiaGambia, The271

Georgia1134.50327834494.81.123.276.810.755GeorgiaGeorgia1,135

Germany33212.26088360210.58.176.925.403502GermanyGermany33,212

Ghana409.39302045196.72.842.257.829.927GhanaGhana409

Greece18560.0454958289.95.252.847.2n/a1880GreeceGreece18,560

Guatemala2228.51569339025.72.341592.3127GuatemalaGuatemala2,229

Guinea410.29261470555.30.713.286.89.522GuineaGuinea410

Guinea-Bissau175.31286890024.81.327.372.731.69Guinea-BissauGuinea-Bissau175

Guyana1047.31959180635.34.483.516.530.156GuyanaGuyana1,047

Haiti455.25100651957.62.938.561.514.233HaitiHaiti455

Honduras1045.83359313497.2454.945.18.777HondurasHonduras1,046

Hungary9961.83144929388.3672.527.50.4827HungaryHungary9,962

Iceland41892.99424237129.98.383.416.604407IcelandIceland41,893

India643.40914644450.917.382.70.531IndiaIndia643

Indonesia1168.7144939722.8134.265.81.333IndonesiaIndonesia1,169

Iran, Islamic Republic of2439.28265238296.63.247.852.20.2158Iran, Islamic Republic ofIran, Islamic Rep.2,439

Ireland44644.00638112847.25.779.520.503228IrelandIreland44,644

Israel17193.95920851998.85.966.833.22.51563IsraelIsrael17,194

Italy29142.63788141378.46.476.423.602514ItalyItaly29,143

Jamaica3352.27016789925.53.156.743.32185JamaicaJamaica3,352

Japan36182.00747037757.86.3811902831JapanJapan36,182

Jordan2183.1461309749.84.748.451.67.1200JordanJordan2,183

Kazakhstan2874.30971540223.72.362.437.60.9108KazakhstanKazakhstan2,874

Kenya480.6943072364.11.842.757.318.320KenyaKenya481

Kiribati14135.687524879313.712.793727.9112KiribatiKiribati14,136

Kuwait434.24726898872.82.277.622.40633KuwaitKuwait434

Kyrgyzstan429.44780759355.62.340.959.115.124KyrgyzstanKyrgyz Republic429

Lao People's Democratic Republic5932.3712782122.80.827.472.623.312Lao People's Democratic RepublicLao PDR5,932

Latvia6176.37426086566.43.452.547.50.3380LatviaLatvia6,176

Lebanon760.480132059911.33.228.771.30.7650LebanonLebanon760

Lesotho153.30598430286.55.584.215.88.749LesothoLesotho153

Liberia5254.51373867025.63.663.936.137.89LiberiaLiberia5,255

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya6537.11661349043.82.874.925.10195Libyan Arab JamahiriyaLibya6,537

Lithuania70294.54090414556.54.975253.1424LithuaniaLithuania70,295

Luxembourg2643.899281503887.290.49.605963LuxembourgLuxembourg2,644

Madagascar240.92718908543.52.364.435.639.68MadagascarMadagascar241

Malawi150.919446449112.89.674.725.34019MalawiMalawi151

Malaysia4752.78551300193.82.258.941.10.1181MalaysiaMalaysia4,753

Maldives2489.49929637986.95.579.420.61.8163MaldivesMaldives2,489

Mali371.99999420916.63.249.250.813.824MaliMali372

Malta13256.18410154199.17.178.221.801223MaltaMalta13,256

Marshall Islands514.674321230615.214.797316.9272Marshall IslandsMarshall Islands515

Mauritania4892.0627867992.9269.430.620.215MauritaniaMauritania4,892

Mexico6697.57210960616.5346.453.60.3417MexicoMexico6,698

Micronesia, Federated States of2063.97972486357.66.585.714.371.9156Micronesia, Federated States ofMicronesia, Fed. Sts.2,064

Mongolia641.10657814776466.633.44.637MongoliaMongolia641

Morocco1677.54979022395.11.734.365.70.982MoroccoMorocco1,678

Mozambique304.38870670842.768.431.655.912MozambiqueMozambique304

Namibia2842.96430062746.54.670.829.217.3185NamibiaNamibia2,843

Nepal252.57281317685.61.526.373.717.614NepalNepal253

Netherlands35560.05769557829.25.762.437.603418NetherlandsNetherlands35,560

New Zealand24364.3353420348.46.577.422.602040New ZealandNew Zealand24,364

Nicaragua836.22422332758.13.846.453.611.466NicaraguaNicaragua836

Niger226.16072270714.22.253.446.621.19NigerNiger226

Nigeria559.8169866314.61.430.469.65.623NigeriaNigeria560

Norway54464.78553011659.78.183.516.505405NorwayNorway54,465

Oman9583.856603585932.481.418.60295OmanOman9,584

Pakistan632.08022114032.20.419.680.42.514PakistanPakistan632

Panama4473.20212360587.75.266.933.10.2343PanamaPanama4,473

Papua New Guinea736.12509054573.6384.315.726.530Papua New GuineaPapua New Guinea736

Paraguay1225.57456463117.72.633.766.31.988ParaguayParaguay1,226

Peru2491.00191304154.52.350.649.41.2111PeruPeru2,491

Philippines1103.93754401043.41.439.860.23.636PhilippinesPhilippines1,104

Poland6609.604477066.54.568.631.40.1411PolandPoland6,610

Portugal15969.991383517310.17.473.226.801597PortugalPortugal15,970

Republic of Korea14135.68752487935.62.951.448.60787Republic of Korea14,136

Romania3481.20118327595.13.466.133.925178RomaniaRomania3,481

Russian Federation4104.040655805163.761.338.70.1245Russian FederationRussian Federation4,104

Rwanda206.56355193697.54.356.843.237.116RwandaRwanda207

Saint Lucia8450.326879563553.365350.7232Saint LuciaSt. Lucia8,450

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines3411.98095045096.13.963.236.80.1210Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesSt. Vincent and the Grenadines3,412

Samoa1943.46717751685.44.277.422.612112SamoaSamoa1,943

Sao Tome and Principe373.537485944411.59.986.213.853.348Sao Tome and PrincipeSao Tome and Principe374

Senegal669.84843182985.92.440.359.712.839SenegalSenegal670

Serbia-Montenegro2989.25042274278.35.566.233.80.6179Serbia-MontenegroSerbia and Montenegro2,989

Sierra Leone200.78103023193.31.9594135.47Sierra LeoneSierra Leone201

Singapore25351.52659198643.71.334660943SingaporeSingapore25,352

Slovakia7634.80864390837.75.369.330.70601SlovakiaSlovak Republic7,635

Slovenia16271.43998494248.36.274.325.70.11369SloveniaSlovenia16,271

Solomon Islands554.16585478965.95.694.55.560.835Solomon IslandsSolomon Islands554

South Africa4716.91398238378.63.540.459.60.5390South AfricaSouth Africa4,717

Spain24359.82224247778.15.770.929.101960SpainSpain24,360

Sri Lanka1032.73895481744.21.945.354.71.342Sri LankaSri Lanka1,033

Sudan608.31806693743.31.133.266.86.420SudanSudan608

Suriname2574.58786005466.73.146548.6194SurinameSuriname2,575

Swaziland2247.98361285046.3463.836.29.5146SwazilandSwaziland2,248

Sweden38524.53463113979.27.884.915.103531SwedenSweden38,525

Switzerland48384.668721000611.66.858.441.605644SwitzerlandSwitzerland48,385

Syrian Arab Republic1343.89471876024.72.247.452.60.258Syrian Arab RepublicSyrian Arab Republic1,344

Tajikistan322.31092186714.4121.678.49.114TajikistanTajikistan322

Thailand2538.52752465473.52.364.735.30.388ThailandThailand2,539

Togo344.16812827515.31.121.378.79.117TogoTogo344

Tonga2083.70104528255.95.1861431.2109TongaTonga2,084

Trinidad and Tobago9464.63794938473.51.438.961.11.9329Trinidad and TobagoTrinidad and Tobago9,465

Turkey4221.36091790647.75.672.127.90322TurkeyTurkey4,221

Uganda245.22092225627.62.532.767.325.219UgandaUganda245

Ukraine1367.36130885546.53.756.743.30.790UkraineUkraine1,367

United Arab Emirates24121.28521481482.9269.930.10711United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates24,121

United Kingdom35485.15301285878.3784.815.202933United KingdomUnited Kingdom35,485

United Republic of Tanzania300.602379424341.743.656.427.112United Republic of TanzaniaTanzania301

United States of America39882.917261059515.36.844.755.306103United States of AmericaUnited States39,883

Uruguay3842.1323452758.23.643.556.50.3315UruguayUruguay3,842

Uzbekistan459.00255545265.12.446.653.43.923UzbekistanUzbekistan459

Vanuatu1525.83978276284.13.176.823.222.958VanuatuVanuatu1,526

Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of4214.17681938224.7242580196Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic ofVenezuela, RB4,214

Viet Nam550.25928708145.51.527.172.9230Viet NamVietnam550

Yemen634.944298967951.938.361.71534YemenYemen, Rep.635

Zambia472.43367971425.93.152.147.951.328ZambiaZambia472

Zimbabwe363.00300696617.53.546.153.913.127ZimbabweZimbabwe363

Figure 10

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Turkey


Government Health Expenditure (percentage of GDP)

Figure 4 - Government Health Expenditure vs GDP per capita

Figure 11

CountryGHE % Total Gov ExpCountry Name checkGDPGDP pctotal gdpgdp weightworld aggregate

Afghanistan7.3Afghanistan4595916800Afghanistan229.6963506865353684702093400.00012994390.00094859040

Albania9.2Albania5603034112Albania2396.2831411567356081579708120.00015735250.0014476434

Algeria10Algeria68018606080Algeria2627.3277354679356081579708120.00191019730.0191019727

Angola5.3Angola13825039360Angola1263.016379096356081579708120.00038825480.0020577506

Antigua and Barbuda10.8Antigua and Barbuda759259264Antigua and Barbuda10794.1401859303356081579708120.00002132260.0002302843

Argentina14.7Argentina129595760640Argentina3987.7089333529356081579708120.00363949630.0535005962

Armenia5.4Armenia2807060992Armenia1181.9266280668356081579708120.0000788320.0004256926

Australia17.7Australia527417475072Australia31690.4540313261356081579708120.01481170340.2621671505

Austria10Austria255239618560Austria35766.3827403903356081579708120.00716800960.0716800961

Azerbaijan2.8Azerbaijan7275766272Azerbaijan1045.0267398632356081579708120.00020432860.0005721202

Bahamas13.9Bahamas, The5502000128Bahamas16940.5387091309356081579708120.00015451520.0021477607

Bahrain8.8Bahrain9699460096Bahrain15384.1201195831356081579708120.00027239430.00239707

Bangladesh5.8Bangladesh51913662464Bangladesh406.4920488758356081579708120.00145791490.0084559062

Barbados11.1Barbados2679858688Barbados10401.2504565217356081579708120.00007525970.0008353825

Belarus10.3Belarus17825435648Belarus2355.5147002856356081579708120.00050059980.0051561776

Belgium12.4Belgium304227975168Belgium33807.4859900389356081579708120.00854377180.1059427701

Belize5Belize980800000Belize3664.5435244161356081579708120.00002754420.0001377212

Benin9.8Benin3557983488Benin494.9657731588356081579708120.00009992050.0009792205

Bhutan7.6Bhutan608825344Bhutan813.6115662691356081579708120.00001709790.0001299442

Bolivia11.9Bolivia8092213248Bolivia967.1903914344356081579708120.00022725730.0027043617

Bosnia and Herzegovina11.4Bosnia and Herzegovina7099254272Bosnia and Herzegovina2191.9861219359356081579708120.00019937160.0022728359

Botswana7.5Botswana7736972800Botswana5072.6924213561356081579708120.00021728090.0016296068

Brazil10.3Brazil505746522112Brazil3284.0230071093356081579708120.01420310820.1462920149

Bulgaria10.1Bulgaria19938926592Bulgaria3131.0500069579356081579708120.00055995390.0056555343

Burkina Faso12.7Burkina Faso4181865216Burkina Faso376.2159678532356081579708120.00011744120.0014915034

Burundi2Burundi595002944Burundi91.2054428024356081579708120.00001670970.0000334195

Cambodia11.8Cambodia4349371904Cambodia353.9774956347356081579708120.00012214540.0014413155

Cameroon8Cameroon13672212480Cameroon983.6392799836356081579708120.00038396290.0030717034

Canada16.7Canada856525570048Canada30586.0023471303356081579708120.02405419480.401705054

Cape Verde11.1Cape Verde797314304Cape Verde1914.7265409323356081579708120.00002239130.0002485439

Central African Republic12.4Central African Republic1195285632Central African Republic328.0100934001356081579708120.00003356770.0004162401

Chad10.5Chad2670500352Chad455.7931977582356081579708120.00007499690.0007874671

Chile12.7Chile73694003200Chile5893.5186224848356081579708120.0020695820.0262836915

China9.7China1640958787584China1490.3393946217356081579708120.04608378760.4470127394

Colombia20.5Colombia79410839552Colombia2154.806752735356081579708120.00223013050.0457176755

Comoros6.4Comoros317605696Comoros628.1102218654356081579708120.00000891950.0000570846

Congo4.3Congo, Rep.3564349696Congo1118.4604765401356081579708120.00010009920.0004304267

Costa Rica22.8Costa Rica17485467648Costa Rica4348.8566988719356081579708120.00049105230.0111959923

Cte d'Ivoire5Cote d'Ivoire13734139904Cte d'Ivoire865.8702060486356081579708120.00038570210.0019285103

Croatia13.8Croatia28800749568Croatia7723.1224014317356081579708120.00080882450.0111617777

Cyprus7Cyprus13171951616Cyprus18668.2227156823356081579708120.00036991390.0025893971

Czech Republic12.7Czech Republic90601684992Czech Republic10541.6798184895356081579708120.00254440810.0323139827

Democratic Republic of the Congo5.4Congo, Dem. Rep.5671041024Democratic Republic of Congo116.5118640956356081579708120.00015926240.000860017

Denmark13.5Denmark211080806400Denmark44673.2951943433356081579708120.00592787770.0800263493

Djibouti10.5Djibouti622042432Djibouti847.7368457532356081579708120.00001746910.0001834255

Dominica11.6Dominica258185200Dominica3793.6715375677356081579708120.00000725070.0000841085

Dominican Republic12.8Dominican Republic16324636672Dominican Republic2104.4855090233356081579708120.00045845220.0058681876

Ecuador8.7Ecuador28690999296Ecuador2527.9171925364356081579708120.00080574230.0070099581

Egypt8.2Egypt, Arab Rep.82923683840Egypt1084.7196493323356081579708120.00232878330.0190960231

El Salvador22El Salvador15046700032El Salvador2339.6291994649356081579708120.00042256330.0092963922

Equatorial Guinea7Equatorial Guinea2914659328Equatorial Guinea6572.0857886408356081579708120.00008185370.0005729759

Eritrea4Eritrea747151936Eritrea219.3182185768356081579708120.00002098260.0000839304

Estonia11.2Estonia9190458368Estonia8327.9598724535356081579708120.00025809980.0028907177

Ethiopia9.6Ethiopia7941708800Ethiopia139.1147600858356081579708120.00022303060.0021410937

Fiji7.8Fiji2238896640Fiji3115.0260390526356081579708120.00006287590.0004904324

Finland11.2Finland161779908608Finland35561.8656643477356081579708120.00454333830.0508853892

France14.2France1789133193216France33895.9077241184356081579708120.05024503640.7134795168

Gabon12.8Gabon6055230464Gabon5306.1088736878356081579708120.00017005180.0021766627

Gambia13.9Gambia, The367172064Gambia271.2605636186356081579708120.00001031150.0001433293

Georgia4.7Georgia3991424512Georgia1134.5032783449356081579708120.0001120930.000526837

Germany17.6Germany2443419844608Germany33212.260883602356081579708120.06861966431.2077060908

Ghana5Ghana7624199680Ghana409.3930204519356081579708120.00021411380.0010705692

Greece10.1Greece173219069952Greece18560.045495828356081579708120.00486458950.0491323535

Grenada12.4Grenada443700000Grenada4135.3226535588356081579708120.00001246060.0001545118

Guatemala15.3Guatemala24881262592Guatemala2228.5156933902356081579708120.00069875170.0106909017

Guinea4.9Guinea3637605888Guinea410.2926147055356081579708120.00010215650.000500567

Guinea-Bissau6.9Guinea-Bissau235097312Guinea-Bissau175.3128689002356081579708120.00000660230.0000455562

Guyana11.6Guyana741428160Guyana1047.3195918063356081579708120.00002082190.0002415336

Haiti23.8Haiti2944417024Haiti455.2510065195356081579708120.00008268940.0019680076

Honduras16.8Honduras6868015616Honduras1045.8335931349356081579708120.00019287760.0032403435

Hungary12.1Hungary83148668928Hungary9961.8314492938356081579708120.00233510170.0282547301

Iceland18.3Iceland10396260352Iceland41892.9942423712356081579708120.00029196290.0053429207

India3.9India600658083840India643.409146444356081579708120.01686855250.0657873549

Indonesia5.1Indonesia237417299968Indonesia1168.714493972356081579708120.00666749740.0340042366

Iran (Islamic Republic of)10.3Iran, Islamic Rep.139559141376Iran, Islamic Republic of2439.2826523829356081579708120.00391930250.0403688154

Iraq4.2Iraq12602492928Iraq714.4762022705356081579708120.00035392150.0014864703

Ireland17.2Ireland152128782336Ireland44644.0063811284356081579708120.00427230140.0734835837

Israel11.4Israel110305656832Israel17193.9592085199356081579708120.00309776360.0353145054

Italy12.8Italy1468317433856Italy29142.6378814137356081579708120.04123542240.5278134064

Jamaica4.5Jamaica8235682304Jamaica3352.2701678992356081579708120.00023128640.0010407888

Japan16.8Japan4291123740672Japan36182.0074703775356081579708120.12050956822.0245607454

Jordan8.9Jordan10160006144Jordan2183.146130974356081579708120.0002853280.0025394196

Kazakhstan9Kazakhstan30833657856Kazakhstan2874.3097154022356081579708120.00086591560.00779324

Kenya7.2Kenya15036096512Kenya480.694307236356081579708120.00042226550.0030403116

Kiribati7.8Kiribati63363384Kiribati746.5833664336356081579708120.00000177950.0000138798

Kuwait6.1Kuwait46201339904Kuwait22653.9098867824356081579708120.00129749310.007914708

Kyrgyzstan9Kyrgyz Republic1919012736Kyrgyzstan434.2472689887356081579708120.00005389250.0004850325

Lao People's Democratic Republic6.2Lao PDR2137533056Lao People's Democratic Republic429.4478075935356081579708120.00006002930.0003721817

Latvia9.4Latvia11186001920Latvia5932.371278212356081579708120.00031414150.0029529306

Lebanon8.4Lebanon19984281600Lebanon6176.3742608656356081579708120.00056122760.004714312

Lesotho9.5Lesotho1064600128Lesotho760.4801320599356081579708120.00002989760.0002840276

Liberia17.6Liberia435300000Liberia153.3059843028356081579708120.00001222470.0002151552

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya5.9Libya23231494144Libyan Arab Jamahiriya5254.5137386702356081579708120.00065242060.0038492813

Lithuania14.7Lithuania18547159040Lithuania6537.1166134904356081579708120.00052086830.0076567633

Luxembourg13.7Luxembourg27038261248Luxembourg70294.5409041455356081579708120.00075932770.0104027897

Madagascar9.3Madagascar5473940480Madagascar240.9271890854356081579708120.00015372710.0014296625

Malawi9.1Malawi1764480896Malawi150.9194464491356081579708120.00004955270.0004509297

Malaysia6.9Malaysia103951843328Malaysia4752.7855130019356081579708120.00291932660.0201433537

Maldives13.8Maldives690781248Maldives2489.4992963798356081579708120.00001939950.0002677134

Mali9.2Mali4362442240Mali371.9999942091356081579708120.00012251240.0011271144

Malta15.5Malta4855587840Malta13256.1841015419356081579708120.00013636170.0021136059

Marshall Islands14.4Marshall Islands128063000Marshall Islands2212.0944820151356081579708120.00000359650.0000517889

Mauritania14.3Mauritania1340219776Mauritania514.6743212306356081579708120.0000376380.0005382234

Mauritius9.2Mauritius5237296640Mauritius4892.062786799356081579708120.00014708140.0013531486

Mexico11.7Mexico639109890048Mexico6697.5721096061356081579708120.0179484120.2099964205

Micronesia (Federated States of)8.8Micronesia, Fed. Sts.232000000Micronesia, Federated States of2063.9797248635356081579708120.00000651540.0000573352

Mongolia10.3Mongolia1274416000Mongolia641.1065781477356081579708120.000035790.000368637

Morocco6Morocco43813302272Morocco1677.5497902239356081579708120.00123042880.0073825727

Mozambique10.9Mozambique4785520128Mozambique304.388706708356081579708120.00013439390.0014648938

Namibia12.4Namibia4473231872Namibia2842.9643006274356081579708120.00012562380.001557735

Nepal7.9Nepal5869858816Nepal252.5728131768356081579708120.00016484590.0013022826

Netherlands12.4Netherlands512726859776Netherlands35560.0576955782356081579708120.01439914020.1785493388

New Zealand17.2New Zealand80023748608New Zealand24364.335342034356081579708120.00224734310.0386543016

Nicaragua11.7Nicaragua4102112000Nicaragua836.2242233275356081579708120.00011520150.0013478572

Niger12.4Niger2731417856Niger226.1607227071356081579708120.00007670760.0009511748

Nigeria3.2Nigeria58294370304Nigeria559.816986631356081579708120.00163710720.0052387429

Norway17.6Norway220603236352Norway54464.7855301165356081579708120.00619530040.1090372876

Oman7Oman21592717312Oman9583.8566035859356081579708120.0006063980.0042447863

Pakistan2.6Pakistan82349965312Pakistan632.0802211403356081579708120.00231267130.0060129454

Panama16.2Panama12933000192Panama4473.20212360583560815797081200

Papua New Guinea10.9Papua New Guinea3582152448Papua New Guinea736.1250905457356081579708120.00036320330.0058838933

Paraguay14.2Paraguay6029826048Paraguay1225.5745646311356081579708120

Health Sector PERS PREM Public Expenditure Management Course April 2007, Washington, D.C. George...

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Transcript of Health Sector PERS PREM Public Expenditure Management Course April 2007, Washington, D.C. George...