Health Risks Associated with Being Overweight

• Coronary heart disease• Hypertension• Hypercholesterolemia• Diabetes

Health Risks Associated with Being Overweight

There are also health risks associated with being too thin!• The body reacts to the lack of food by becoming extremely thin• developing brittle hair and nails• dry skin• constipation, diarrhea• reduced muscle mass, loss of menstrual cycle• swelling of joints• heart problems • osteoporosis• mental health issues • death

Definitions• Mass: the body’s total weight.

• Body composition: The relative percentage of muscle, fat, bone, and

other tissues that comprise the body.

• Fat mass: is made up of fat (adipose tissue).

• Percentage body fat: % of total body weight that is composed of fat.

• Lean body mass: Lean body mass is the weight of a person's body minus

the fat. This includes muscle, bones, organs, and other nonfat tissue.

Definitions• Underfat: too little body weight comprised of fat.

• Overfat: too much of the body weight comprised of fat.

• Obese: extreme overfatness.

• Moderately Overweight: 20% over desirable body weight.

• Severely overweight: 40% over desirable body weight.

Proper uses of results:- Serve as baseline data for repeated testing.-Provide motivation for goal setting.-Provide awareness about health risks.-Estimate athlete’s optimal body weight.-Monitor changes in body composition (Athletes, children, overweight persons)

Proper uses of results:- Serve as baseline data for repeated testing.-Provide motivation for goal setting.-Provide awareness about health risks.-Estimate athlete’s optimal body weight.-Monitor changes in body composition (Athletes, children, overweight persons)

BMI

WHR

Skinfold assessment

BMI

WHR

Skinfold assessment

Body Composition

Testing

BMI Re-CapBMI Re-Cap• BMI: A measure of body composition using a height-weight formula

• BMI is used to give us an idea of whether the client is obese, and the extent

of their obesity

• Formula:

– Body mass index (BMI) = weight in kilograms divided by height in

meters squares

– BMI = kg

h2

– BMI unit of measurement: kg/m2

BMI Re-CapBMI Re-Cap• BMI does not actually measure body composition

• It can be used as a quick measurement to check if an individual

is overweight, but it is inaccurate

• BMI does not distinguish between fat and muscle

• Muscle is denser, thus heavier than fat

• i.e. A person with a lot of muscle may be

inaccurately described as obese

• Hip-to-waist ratio (HWR) is taken as an indicator of the health risks

associated with obesity, and in particular the risk of coronary heart diseaseRegional Fat Deposition

• Abdominal body fat poses greater health risks than fat stored in other areas

• Males store more fat centrally and have increased health risks associated with body fatness

Higher health risk Lower health risk

Hip-To-Waist Ratio Re-Cap

Hip-To-Waist Ratio Re-Cap

• Hip-to-waist ratio = waist measurement in centimetres divided

by hip measurement in centimetres • HWR = waist (cm)

hip (cm)

Body Composition & Sports PerformanceSwimmerSwimmer

BalletdancerBallet

dancer

Rugby playerRugby player

Volleyballplayer

Volleyballplayer

Body builderBody

builder

Sumo Wrestler

Sumo Wrestler

Questions1. Define:

a. Body composition. 3b. Lean body mass. 3

2. What do the following abbreviations stand for:a. BMI

2b. WHR

23. What are the risks associated with being overweight? 44. List 8 risks associated with being underweight. 85. What is BMI; and what is it used for? 46. A man weighs 76kg and is 1.71m tall. Calculate his BMI. 27. What are the limitations of BMI? 38. Differentiate between ‘overfat’ and ‘obese’. 29. What is the WHR used for? 210. Differentiate between the ‘apple’ and ‘pear’ body shape, also explain which one is of greater risk and

why. 611. If a woman has a waist measurement of 72cm, and a hip measurement of 110cm, calculate her WHR.

212. How does the body composition of a ballet dancer differ from that of a body builder? 413. What are the results of body composition tests used for? 5