HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL

About the THEORIST:

NOLA J. PENDER

NOLA J. PENDER

Nola J. Pender, PhD, RN, FAAN - former professor of nursing at the University of Michigan

§ Dr. Pender has been a nurse educator for over forty years. Throughout her career. She taught baccalaureate masters, and PhD students. She also mentored a number of postdoctoral fellows. In 1998, she received the Mae Edna Doyle Teacher of the Year award from the University of Michigan School of Nursing. She currently serves as a Distinguished Professor at Loyola University Chicago, School of Nursing.

She was the lady that started the Health Promotion Model in Nursing Care . She was born in August 16,1941 at Lansing, Michigan

The model focuses on following three areas:

· Individual characteristics and experiences· Behavior-specific cognitions and affect· Behavioral outcomes

The health promotion model notes that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that affect subsequent actions.

The set of variables for behavioral specific knowledge and affect have important motivational significance.

These variables can be modified through nursing actions.

Health promoting behavior is the desired behavioral outcome and is the end point in the HPM.

Health promoting behaviors should result in improved health, enhanced functional ability and better quality of life at all stages of development.

The final behavioral demand is also influenced by the immediate competing demand and preferences,

ASSUMPTIONS OF HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL1.  Individuals seek to actively regulate their own behavior.

2.  Individuals in all their biopsychosocial complexity interact with the environment, progressively transforming the environment and being transformed over time.

3.  Health professionals constitute a part of the interpersonal environment, which exerts influence on persons throughout their life span.

4.  Self-initiated reconfiguration of person-environment interactive patterns is essential to behavior change

THEORETICAL PROPOSITIONS OF THE HPM

The HPM is based on the following theoretical propositions:1.  Prior behavior and inherited and acquired

characteristics influence beliefs, affect, and enactment of health-promoting behavior.

2. Persons commit to engaging in behaviors from which they anticipate deriving personally valued benefits.

3. Perceived barriers can constrain commitment to action, a mediator of behavior as well as actual behavior.

4. Perceived competence or self-efficacy to execute a given behavior increases the likelihood of commitment to action and actual performance of the behavior.

5. Greater perceived self-efficacy results in fewer perceived barriers to a specific health behavior.

6. Positive affect toward a behavior results in greater perceived self-efficacy, which can in turn, result in increased positive affect.

7.  When positive emotions or affect are associated with a behavior, the probability of commitment and action is increased.

8. Persons are more likely to commit to and engage in health-promoting behaviors when significant others model the behavior, expect the behavior to occur, and provide assistance and support to enable the behavior.

 9.Families, peers, and health care providers are important sources of interpersonal influence that can increase or decrease commitment to and engagement in health-promoting behavior.

 10. Situational influences in the external environment can increase or decrease commitment to or participation in health-promoting behavior.

 11. The greater the commitments to a specific plan of action, the more likely health-promoting behaviors are to be maintained over time.

 12. Commitment to a plan of action is less likely to result in the desired behavior when competing demands over which persons have little control require immediate attention.

13. Commitment to a plan of action is less likely to result in the desired behavior when other actions are more attractive and thus preferred over the target behavior.

 14. Persons can modify cognitions, affect, and the interpersonal and physical environment to create incentives for health actions. 

SIMPLICITYThe HPM simple to understand, the conceptual definitions provide clarity and lead greater understanding of the complexity of health behavior phenomena.

GENERALITY The model is middle range in scope. It is highly generalizable to adult population. The research use to derive the model was based on male, female, young, old, well and ill samples

EMPIRICAL PRESCISIONThe model has been supported through testing by Pender and others as a framework for explaining health promotions. The model continues to evolve through planned programs of research. Continued empirical research, especially intervention studies, will further refine the model. The Health Promotion Lifestyle Projects emerged as an instrument used to assess health promoting behaviors ( Pender et al, 2006

DERIVABLE CONSEQUENCESPender has identified health promotion as a goal for the twenty- first century as disease prevention was a task of twentieth century.

SIGNIFICANCE TO:

EDUCATION• The HPM is taught in community health or health 

promotion and illness prevention courses at the undergraduate and graduate levels in most nursing program.

PRACTICE• Health promotion counseling guidelines can be de

veloped for an entire institution and health promotion systems can be put into place that focus on HPM variables.  

.  

RESEARCH• Research in health promotion has been direction

 setting for nursing research.  The HPM synthesizes research findings from nursing, psychology, and public health into a model of health promoting behavior that can be empirically tested.

OTHERS:• The HPM has been used and tested in many cult

ures world‐wide.Examples of countries in which the model has been used include:  Thailand, Japan, Taiwan, China, Mexico, Ecuador, Iran, and Brazil. 

THANKYOU! Prepared by: Michelle Andrea A. Demaguil, RN