Health Promotion: A Community Approach
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Transcript of Health Promotion: A Community Approach
Health Promotion:A Community Approach
Gerontology 820Fall 2010Annette Wertman
Outline
What is a community-based Health Promotion approach
Examples: 1. Nigg – Pilot Study 2. CHAMPS 3. Osteofit Benefits & Guidelines Review of Theoretical Models Conclusion and Discussion
Effectiveness?
...is not necessarily a measure of how many people attend the program, but rather the individual improvements of each......
“ people say I am standing up straighter!”
CommunityStrathcona
community
a group of people living in a particular local area
What is a Community-Based Health Promotion Program? Comprehensive, systematic, coordinated approach
to affecting long-term health behaviour change by 1. influencing the community (cultural)
norms 2. education and community organization Targets the whole community Requires action on many levels Has many educational components Aims at effective public participation Promotes good health Prevents and/or reduces the effects of ill health Focuses on collective action
Pilot Study- Nigg, 2002
Stage based educational
intervention along with an action base exercise program may meet the needs of older individuals a various stages of readiness to adopt and maintain exercise.
Pilot Study- Nigg, 2002
Community-based physical intervention grounded in the TTM
Residents of an independent living complex
Intervention included posters and in-house exercise sessions
Overall impact of the intervention was positive (providing opportunity to exercise and/or motivating other physical activity)
Transtheoretical Model:Based on the premise that people move through a series of
stages in their attempts to change behaviours.Successfully applied to numerous health behaviours;
dieting, alcohol use, smoking cessation, sun protection & mammography screening
Interventions of the basis of change: 5 stages
1. Precontemplation2. Contemplation3. Preparation4. Action 5. Maintenance
Pilot Study- Nigg, 2002 cont’d MethodParticipants (48)-resided at an independent living
apartment complex for older adults located in the greater Providence , Rhode Island area. 78yrs. 90% female.98% white
Procedure-announcements were distributed to all residents soliciting their participation. Weekly blood pressure clinics began prior to pretest and continued throughout to familiarize the residents with the researchers. A group session describing the benefits was used,an informed consent was required and participants were interviewed before and following the implementation of the exercise intervention.
Pilot Study- Nigg, 2002 cont’dIntervention: Inactive Stages-posters with take-home pamphlets
were placed in high traffic areas targeting those in the inactive stages (first 3). Pamphlets provided information on the benefits of exercise, how to begin an exercise routine, using one panel for each of the 3 stages. 100+ pamphlets were taken .
Active stages-an in-house exercise program was offered consisting of 45 minutes of group exercise conducted twice a week by a certified exercise therapist.ROM, aerobics, lower extremity strengthening and coordination and balance exercises increased if difficulty over the 7 month program
Pilot Study- Nigg, 2002 cont’dIntruments:The interview assessed participants demography,
nutritional risk and individual physical and social factors.
(DETERMINE checklist –Nutrition Screening Initiative; SF-36 Health Survey; TTM exercise stage)
Results14 of the 48 attended regularly, 5 only some of the
sessions. There was no significant difference between those attending and those not attending the exercise program on any of the measures.
Results: Nigg, 2002 cont’dStage Change – (nx. Slide figure 2) 37 participants in
the active stage (action and maintenance) at pretest, 32 (86%) remained. 5 (14%) participants in the active stages relapsed to the inactive stages (precontemplation, contemplation and preparation). 9/11 (82%) participants in the inactive stages moved to the active stages.
Pre-and Postintervention Differences -3 catergories: maintainers, progressors, relapsers.No significant difference on any health measure before and after the intervention for the sample as a whole. Maintainers had significantly better health perception scores at pretest and post test.
Change in Stage
Results: Nigg, 2002 cont’d
Health Measures Related to Stage Change – for the sample as a whole more participants had improved scores that declining scores on 3/5 measures. Bt stage group, maintainers showed more improved scores than declining scores on 3 measures, progressors on 3 measures and relapsers on only 1 measure.
Change in Health Measures
Results: Nigg, 2002 cont’d Discussion The implementation of this exercise intervention in
an elderly housing site appears to increase or keep residents exercising in general, regardless of whether they actually attend the offered in-house exercise sessions.
Overall impact of the intervention was positive; providing opportunity, motivating others to increase or continue.
Contributions to motivation; visibility of the program (located in the community room) educational materials provided, group sessions describing benefits of exercise and the weekly blood pressure clinic staff.
Results: Nigg, 2002 cont’d EffectOf the exercise intervention on other health
measures underlines the potential efficacy of the intervention
Maintainers reported highest general health perception score (mental health, bodily pain, nutrition risk)
Maintainers & progressors had more improved than declining scores on 2 and 3 measures
Results point to the potential quality-of-life impact an exercise intervention can have among the elderly
Nigg, 2002 cont’d
Guidelines-practical implications
Establishing a presence to familiarize participants to encourage participation and build trust
Targeting resources on those identified as not exercising regularly may provide the greatest impact
Providing motivators to keep maintainers exercising regularly may decrease the high relapse rate (commonly seen in this population)
Nigg, 2002 cont’d
LimitationsSmall sample size Lack of control group Including a more culturally diverse sample
Future researchMore rigorous replication of this pilot
project using a fully randomized experimental design by individual or by site would clarify the relationship found.
Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS)
An inclusive, choice-based physical activity promotion program to increase lifetime physical activity level of seniors.
CHAMPS guided participants to choose activities that took into account their health, preferences and abilities.
Type, frequency, format, intensity and location vased on participant’s needs.
Offered information on ways for them to exercise safely, motivate themselves, overcome barriers and develop a balanced exercise regimen.
This individually tailored program, uses behavioural change strategies, to encourage lifestyle , effective and applicable to health care and diverse community settings.
OsteofitTrademark program, format & curriculum provided by BC Women’s hospital & Health Centre.
A safe, effective and medically endorsed program recognized for its innovative program design.
Can easily be implemented in community settings.
Click icon to add picture
Women stay 'Osteofit' over break
Not content to put her Osteofit exercise routine on hold for the summer, Ladner resident Myra Kuriyama stepped up and did something about it.
Other local women felt the same way. Over the past 10 weeks, a half a dozen or so participants
have been coming to a drop-in workout session each Wednesday at Kuriyama's 44A Avenue home.
"The reason why I wanted to form this drop-in was just to continue to meet with other women and exercise because we experienced so much fun.”
Osteofit continued:
Classes are offered in many local community recreation facilities and seniors centers throughout BC.
Safe, effective and medically endorsed program is recognized for its innovative program design and leader in falls prevention.
One of the goals of the Osteofit program is to prevent falls.
Exercise can modify some fall risk factors and thus reduce falls in older adults.
A physically active lifestyle is associated with a reduced risk of osteoporotic fracture.
Osteoporosis ‘the silent thief’
A condition of decreased bone strength such that fractures occur with minimal trauma
Osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures are a major public health concern (1/4 women, 1/6 men > 50)
Economic cost and debilitating effect on independence and quality of life
Causes: less active life style, poor nutrition
Benefits of Community Approach Visibility of the programs Education materials provided (exercise, nutrition,
fall prevention) Reaching out to individuals Group sessions motivate & support individuals Support ‘aging-in-place’ Socialization Stimulation – physical, mental, emotional,
spiritual Can be tailored to individual need Strength in numbers re reporting environmental
hazzards
Guidelines Choose appropriate name (Active Independence
was chosen by seniors in Alberta instead of HSEP)
Include perspectives and input form participants for everything
Individualize exercises Start with small steps but progress Provide challenge Establish a presence – encourages participation
and builds trust Present materials and programs to all individuals
(TTM)
Review of Theoretical Models
Health belief Model Ecological Models Social Ecological Theory Transtheorectical Model Theory of Reasoned Action Theory of Planned Behaviour Integrated Behaviour Model
Key Words
motivation participation opportunity exercise
behaviourexercise maintenance
building trust benefits targeted to
individuals efficacy
preventive community room
coordination group sessions cultural normseducational materials
socialization health perception score
senior centres strategies community centres
Community
Together is amazing
Discussion Wide spread recognition within public health
that proven programs must be translated, implemented and adopted to have widespread effect ( including diverse community settings)
Low cost & little equipment is good Measurement for long-term program
sustainability is needed Conducting cost-benefit, cost-utility or cost-
effectiveness analyses (improve health while reducing health care costs.
The End
Ritual is the backbone of any community...creating security, warmth and a sense of community.