HEALTH OCCUPATIONS STUDENTS OF AMERICA Awards Presentation 2010-2011
Health Occupations
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Transcript of Health Occupations
Skeletal System Organs – BONES
– 206 in adult human Functions
– Framework• Supports muscles, fat, skin
– Protection• Surrounds vital organs (skull, ribs)
– Lever• Muscles attach to bones to provide movement
– Production of blood cells• Produce RBC, WBC, platelets (hemopoiesis or hematopoesis)
– Storage• Stores most of calcium supply of body (bone activity)
Bone Tissue Composition
Inorganic salts (calcium phosphate) Water Bone cells Blood vessels Nerves Collagen (elastic material)
Bone Tissue
Must continually receive food & oxygen Has fever nerves & blood vessels than other
tissues Grows for the first 18 – 20 years of life After growth stops, bone cells die & are
replaced by new cells– Osteoblasts – cells that MAKE bones– Osteoclasts – cells that BREAK DOWN bones &
reabsorb them
May contain– Ligaments – attach bone to bone– Tendons – attach muscle to bone
2 types of tissue– Compact tissue – dense – Cancellous – spongy & loosely packed
Four types of bones
Long bones – longer than they are wide– Humerus – upper arm– Ulna – lower arm– Radius - lower arm– Femur – upper leg– Tibia – lower leg– Fibula – lower leg
Flat bones
Two layers of bone divided by a narrow span
Skull Sternum – breast bone Ribs Scapula – shoulder blade
Red Marrow
Found in bones like vertebrae, ribs, sternum, cranium, proximal ends of humerus & femur
Produces – RBCs, WBCs, platelets Diagnostic tool to identify bone diseases Can be transplanted in people with
defective immune systems
Periosteum
Membrane covering the outside of bone Tough Contains blood vessels, lymph, &
osteoblasts Necessary for bone growth, repair, &
nutrition
Diaphysis
Proximalepiphysis
Distal epiphysis
Medullary canal
EndosteumYellow marrow
Red marrow
Periosteum
Articular cartilage
Thin layer Covers epiphysis to work as a shock
absorber in joints (hollow strength activity)
Diaphysis
Proximalepiphysis
Distal epiphysis
Medullary canal
EndosteumYellow marrow
Red marrow
Periosteum
Articular cartilage
Groups of Bones
Axial skeleton – 80 bones– Main trunk of body– Skull– Spinal column– Ribs – Sternum
Appendicular skeleton – 126 bones– Extremities – arms & legs– Shoulder girdle– Pelvic girdle
Joints
Place where two bones meet Grouped by how much movement is allowed
– Synarthrosis joints – immoveable• Cranium, suture joints
– Amphiartrosis joints – slightly moveable• Vertebral discs, symphysis pubis, sacroiliac
– Diarthrosis joints – freely moveable• Shoulder, elbow, wrist, fingers, knees, ankles, toes
Ligaments – connect bone to bone– Hold bones together
Skull Composed of cranium & facial bones Cranium – spherical structure surrounding & protecting
brain – 8 • Frontal – 1• Parietal – 2• Temporal – 2• Occipital – 1• Ethmoid – 1• Sphenoid – 1
At birth, NOT solid bone Fontanels –
• soft spots or spaces between bones– allows for enlargement of skull as brain growth occurs
• Membrane & cartilage that turn to bone by 18 months of age
Skull
Facial bones – 14– Mandible – 1 lower jaw– Maxilla – 2 upper jaw– Zygomatic – 2 cheek– Lacrimal – 2 inner aspect of eye– Nasal – 5– Palatine – 2 hard palate or roof of mouth
Frontal boneParietal bone
Temporal bone
Occipital bone
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone
Mandible
Maxilla
Zygomatic bone
Lacrimal bone
Nasal bones
Palatine – not pictured, roof of mouth
Skull also contains
Sinuses – Air spaces in bones of skull
• Act as resonating chambers for voice• Lined with mucus membranes
Foramina – Openings in bone allowing nerves & blood vessels
to enter & leave
Sutures – Areas where cranial bones have joined together