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Transcript of Health Monitoring of Large Civil Structures 06 - You-Lin... · Outline of Presentation 1. ... Burj...
Health Monitoring of Large CivilStructures
You-Lin XU
Department of Civil and Structural EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University
The Second Future Infrastructure Forum (FIF2), 17-18 January 2012, Cambridge, UK
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Department
42 Academics of 6 Disciplines:Structural Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, ConstructionEngineering, Transportation Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering,and Environmental Engineering Science.
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Structural Engineering
12 Academics in Structural Engineering
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Major Research Areas
Group Major Research Areas
StructuralDynamics
Structural health monitoring, Structural control, Smartstructures, Wind engineering, Earthquake engineering.
Steel Structures Steel-concrete composite structures, cold-formed structures,Stability, Second-order and nonlinear analysis.
FRP composites High-performance structures, Durability, Life-cyclemanagement, Retrofit of structures, Structural fire engineering.
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Outline of Presentation
1. Background2. Structural Health Monitoring Systems (SHMS)3. SHMS in Landmark Structures4. University Niche Area Program5. Future Infrastructure
1. Background
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1.Background
Many innovative large civil structures have been built or areunder construction throughout the world.
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1. Background
Tall Buildings
Petronas Twin Tower,Kuala Lumpur, 452 m
ICC, Hong Kong, 484mTaipei 101, Taipei, 509m
Burj Khalifa, Dubai , 828m
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1. Background
Long-span Bridges
Sutong Bridge, China, 1088 m
Stonecutters Bridge, Hong Kong, 1018 m
Akashi Kaikyo Bridge, Japan, 1991 m
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1. Background
Large Spatial Structures
CCTV New Headquarters
National Stadium
National Aquatics Centre
National Grand Theater
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1. Background
Civil structures, on the other hand, have become increasinglyvulnerable to natural and man-made hazards.
Sichuan Earthquake, May 12, 2008
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1. Background
Civil structures built in strong wind regions are vulnerable towind-induced damage
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1. Background
I-35W Bridge, USA, August 1, 2007 Guangdong Bridge, June 15, 2007
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1. Background
Global climatic changepresents manychallenges to ourengineering community,such as strongerhurricanes and fastermaterial deterioration.
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1. Background
Serviceability, safety and sustainability of large civil structuresare therefore main concerns of our society.
Recently-developed long-term structural health monitoringtechnology is one of cutting-edge technologies for monitoringserviceability, safety, and sustainability.
2. Structural Health MonitoringSystems (SHMS)
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2. Structural Health Monitoring Systems
A long-term structural health monitoring system shallinclude at least five integrated modules/systems:
Sensory system. Data acquisition and transmission system. Data processing and analysis system. Date management system. Structural heath evaluation system.
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Sensory system
Data acquisitionand transmission
system
Dataprocessing andanalysis system
Structural heathevaluation
system
Datamanagement
system
Decision-Makingand Management
2. Structural Health Monitoring Systems
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2. Structural Health Monitoring Systems
Monitor and assess load conditions Examine current design philosophy Verify new analytical methods and computer simulations Assess structural performance and detect damage Facilitate inspection and maintenance works Help authority to make quick and right decision in emergency
cases
Ultimate goal is to ensure serviceability, safety, and sustainability
Main functions of structural health monitoring
3. SHMS in Landmark Structures
3.1 SHMS of Tsing Ma Bridge3.2 SHMS of Stonecutters Bridge3.3 SHMS of Canton Tower3.4 SHMS of Shanghai Tower
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3.1 SHMS of Tsing Ma Bridge
Tsing Ma Bridge in Hong Kong is the longest suspension bridgecarrying both highway and railway with a main span of 1377m.
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The bridge has been equipped with a Wind and StructuralHealth Monitoring System (WASHMS) since 1997.
Anemometer (6)
Accelerometer (19)
Temperature Sensor (115)
Strain Gauge (110)
GPS Rover Station (14)
Displacement Transducer (2)
Level Sensing Station (10)
Data Acquisition Outstation (3)
Weigh-in-Motion (7)
3.1 SHMS of Tsing Ma Bridge
By courtesy of HyD
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3.1 SHMS of Tsing Ma Bridge
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3.2 SHMS of Stonecutters Bridge
Stonecutters Bridge in Hong Kong: The second longeststay-cabled bridge with a 1018-m main span (2009)
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W IMW IM
W IMW IM
Anem om etersAnem om eters (24)(24)FixedFixed S eroS ero --T ype Accelerom etersT ype Accelerom eters (58)(58)Tem perature SensorsTem perature Sensors (388)(388)D ynam ic S tra in G auges (678)D ynam ic S tra in G auges (678)S tatic S train G auges (158)S tatic S train G auges (158)G lobal P ositioning S ystem s (20)G lobal P ositioning S ystem s (20)D isplacem ent T ransducersD isplacem ent T ransducers (34)(34)Buffer S ensors (18)Buffer S ensors (18)Bearing Sensors (12)Bearing Sensors (12)E lectroE lectro --Magnetic Sensors (32)Magnetic Sensors (32)Barom eters, Rainfall G auges & H ygrom eters (28)Barom eters, Rainfall G auges & H ygrom eters (28)Corros ion C ells (33)Corros ion C ells (33)D igital V ideo C am eras (18)D igital V ideo C am eras (18)D ynam ic W eighD ynam ic W eigh -- inin --Motion S tations (4)Motion S tations (4)W IMW IM
Stonecutters TowerS tonecutters Tower
Tsing Yi TowerTsing Yi Tower
Instrum entation Layout inInstrum entation Layout inStonecutters BridgeStonecutters Bridge
Total No. of SensorsTotal No. of Sensors : 1505: 1505
27
Sensor layout of Stonecutters Bridge
3.2 SHMS of Stonecutters Bridge
By courtesy of HyD
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Flow Chart of SHM for Stonecutters Bridge
3.2 SHMS of Stonecutters Bridge
Structural HealthMonitoring System
Structural Health DataM anagem ent System
Com parison ofM onitoring Param eters
Report of Overstressed orDam aged Com ponents
Com parison ofEvaluation Param eters
Structural HealthEvalaution System
Structural HealthRating System
Figure 1 Flow Diagram of Structural Health M onitoring & Evaluation System
No Exceedance Input of M onitoring Index
Input of Evaluation Index
Bridge Inspection &M aintenance Team
Inspection/M aintenance Results
No Exceedance
Exceedance
Exceedance
By courtesy of HyD
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3.3 SHMS of Canton Tower
Canton Tower in Guangzhou:a 450 m high main tower anda 150 m high antenna.
573 sensors (10types) inconstruction stage.
280 sensors (12 types) inservice stage
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3.3 SHMS of Canton Tower
FBG sensor networkType of sensors in the SHM system
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3.3 SHMS of Canton Tower
Sensors and sub-stations for in-service monitoringSensors and sub-stations for in-construction monitoring
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3.4 SHMS of Shanghai Tower
Shanghai Tower (632 m), Jin Mao Tower (421 m), andShanghai World Financial Center (494 m)
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3.4 SHMS of Shanghai Tower
Two-story-highbelt truss
Mega column
Outer Tube
Bundled tubes
Two-story-highoutrigger
Inner Tube
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3.4 SHMS of Shanghai Tower
B5
F4F7
F14
F21
F29
F37
F44
F51
F60
F67
F76
F84
F92
F100
F109
F117
F121F124
TowerCrown
Sei smograph (1)Accel er omet er (3)St rai n Gauge (16)I ncl i nometer (2)
Sub-St at i on (1)St r ai n Gauge (18)
Sub-St at i on (1)St r ai n Gauge (21)I ncl i nomet er (2)
St r ai n Gauge (18)
Accel er omet er (2)St rai n Gauge (21)I ncl i nometer (2)
Accel er omet er (2)St r ai n Gauge (45)Ther momet er (15)
Sub-St at i on (1)
Accel er omet er (2)I ncl i nomet er (2)
I ncl i nomet er (2)
Accel er omet er (2)
Zone
1Zo
ne 2
Zone
3Zo
ne 4
Zone
5Zo
ne 6
Zone
7Zo
ne 8
Zone
9
I ncl i nomet er (2)
Sub-St at i on (1)
Accel er ometer (2)I ncl i nomet er (2)
Accel eromet er (2)Wi nd Pressure Sensor (9)Ther momet er (15)
I ncl i nometer (2)
Sub-St at i on (1)
Accel er omet er (2)I ncl i nomet er (2)
Accel er omet er (9)
Accel eromet er (2)
I ncl i nomet er (2)
Sub-St at i on (1)
Accel er ometer (3)St r ai n Gauge (14)I ncl i nomet er (2)
Accel er omet er (2)St r ai n Gauge (45)Ther momet er (15)
I ncl i nomet er (2)Sub-St at i on (1)
Accel er omet er (3)I ncl i nomet er (2)
Accel er omet er (2)Wi nd Pr essur e Sensor (9)
I ncl i nomet er (2) Accel er omet er (9)
Sub-St at i on (1)
Accel er omet er (3)I ncl i nomet er (2)
Accel er omet er (2)Thermometer (15)
I ncl i nomet er (2)
Sub-St at i on (1)
Accel er ometer (3)I ncl i nomet er (2) Accel er omet er (2)
I ncl i nometer (2)Sub-St at i on (1)
Accel er omet er (2)Wi nd Pr essur e Sensor (9)Ther momet er (15)St r ai n Gauge (27)
Sei smogr aph (1)Accel er omet er (3)I ncl i nomet er (2)
Sub- St at i on (1)
Anemomet er (1)I ncl i nometer (2)
GPS (2)Accel er ometer (9)
Towe
r Cr
own
Core Tube Out er Frame
16.64m33. 45m
99. 00m
65. 80m
136. 00m
173. 70m
206. 20m
239. 40m
280. 90m
314. 10m
355. 60m
393. 30m
428. 90m
465. 40m
542. 00m
505. 50m
561. 00m573. 90m
599. 70m
Sensor Layout400 sensors of 11 types
11 substations
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3.4 SHMS of Shanghai Tower
Strain sensors (vibrating wires)installed inside the RC shear
wall of the inner tube – tomeasure the strain of the
concrete
Strain sensors (vibratingwires) installed on the
embedded steel column ofone mega column – to
measure the strain of thesteel
GPS referencestation
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4.University Niche Area Program
Some progress has been made, but there are many key issues tobe solved.
Hong Kong is a suitable place to pioneer this technology becauseHong Kong has many tall buildings an long span bridges.
Hong Kong also has a strong infrastructure development programfor next ten years
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University has a strong team ofexperts in sensing technology, spatial information technology,computing, civil and structural engineering.
4. University Niche Area Program
4.1 Principal and Co-Investigators4.2 Four Tasks4.3 Ten Projects4.4 Research Milestones
Health Monitoring of Large Civil Structures
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4.1 Principal and Co-Investigators
Name Department Area of ExpertiseY L Xu CSE (PI) Chair Prof. Structural Dynamics, Structural Health Monitoring,Wind Engineering
Y Q Chen LSGI (CoI) Chair Prof. GPS Technique, Monitoring of Building Structures
X L Ding LSGI (CoI) Chair Prof. GPS Technique, Monitoring of Building Structures, Interferometric Synthetic
H Y Tam EE (CoI) Chair Prof. Fibre-Optics Sensors, Photonics Sensor Networks, Optical Fibre Communication
J N Cao COMP (CoI) Chair Prof. Wireless Sensors,Computer Networks, Parallel and Distributed Computing
S S Law CSE (CoI) Prof. Structural Dynamics, Structural Damage Detection, System Identification
Y Q Ni CSE (CoI) Prof. Structural Dynamics, Sensing Technology, Structural Health Monitoring
Y Xia CSE (CoI) Assist. Prof. Structural Damage Detection, Structural Health Monitoring
S Zhu CSE (CoI) Assist. Prof. Structural Assessment, Structural Control
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4.2 Four Tasks
Task Topic
1 Special Sensing Technology for SHM
2 Performance-based design of SHM systems
3 Real-time structural damage detection methods and structural rating systems
4 Real-time loading simulation and structural performance assessment
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4.3 Ten Projects
Task Project Project Title1 1 Fiber Bragg Sensor Networks for SHM1 2 GPS Technology for SHM1 3 Wireless Sensor Networks for SHM2 4 Performance-based Design of SHM Systems2 5 Advanced Data Acquisition, Transmission and Management Systems3 6 New Modeling Technologies and Model Updating Methods3 7 Novel Damage Detection Algorithms with Consideration of
Uncertainties and Operation Conditions3 8 SHM-based Bridge Rating Systems4 9 SHM-based Life-cycle Deterioration Models4 10 Performance Simulation and Assessment of Structures under
Extreme Loadings
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4.4 Research Milestones
No. Research Milestones1 Establishment of Bridge Rating System for Tsing Ma Bridge2 Development of Structural Health Prognosis Tools and Condition
Rating System for Stonecutters Bridge3 Development of Structural Health Monitoring System for Canton Tower4 Development of Structural Health Monitoring System for Shanghai
Tower
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4.4 Research Milestones
The Hong Kong Highways Department asked the researchteam to establish a SHM-based bridge rating system for TsingMa Bridge in 2006. The project was completed in 2010. Atotal of 12 reports have been submitted to HyD. The researchteam analyzed enormous measurement data, developed a fewanalytical methods, and established the new rating system.
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4.4 Research Milestones
SHM-oriented finite element model of the bridge. Predominating wind loading. Predominating temperature loading. Predominating highway loading. Predominating railway loading. Criticality and vulnerability analyses. New bridge rating method. SHM-based bridge rating system.
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Ma Wan Approach Span
Main Span
Tsing Yi Approach Span
A structural health monitoring-oriented (multi-scale) 3Dfinite element model of the bridge such that stresses inmajor structural components can be directly computed.
4.4 Research Milestones
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L o n g i t u d in a l t r u s s
S w a yb r a c in g s
I n te r m e d ia te c r o s s f r a m e
M a in c r o s s f r a m eB o t to m v ie w
T e e d ia p h r a g m
To p v ie wB o t to m c h o r d(C r o s s f r a m e ) R a i l w a y b e a m s
T r a c k p la te
(b ) (d )
C r o s s b r a c in g s(to p c e n t e r )
O r th o t r o p icd e c k (to p )
C r o s s f r a m e s(m a in & i n te r m e d ia te )
C o r r u g a te d s h e e ts
L o n g i t u d in a lt r u s s e s
C r o s s b r a c in g s(b o t to m c e n t r e )
C r o s s b r a c in g s(b o t to m o u te r )
R a i l w a y t r a c k s
O r th o t r o p icd e c k (b o t to m )
(a )
D e c k p la te
D e c k t r o u g h
(c ) ( e )
4.4 Research Milestones
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4.4 Research Milestones
LongLong--span Suspension Bridge under Railway, Highway, and Wind Loadingspan Suspension Bridge under Railway, Highway, and Wind Loading
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A SHM-based framework for fatigue and reliability analyses oflong-span suspension bridges under multiple loading
4.4 Research Milestones
(1) Dynamic stress analysis of long suspension bridgesunder multiple loading
(2) Fatigue assessment of multi-load suspension bridgesover design life
(3) Fatigue reliability analysis of multi-load suspensionbridges
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4.4 Research Milestones
A new bridge rating method has been proposed. The associatednumerical value of each factor for a given structural componentis determined using SHMS-based computation simulations andengineering judgments.
Synthetic rating: R
Criticality rating: TC
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
Vulnerability rating: TV
V1 V2 V3
VA VB VC
Objective layer
Criterion layer
Index layer 1
Index layer 2
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4.4 Research Milestones
Many key issues still remain unsolved and many difficulties areencountered in pursuing the tasks and utmost goals of SHM. It isdesirable to establish a laboratory-based test-bed (benchmark).
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4.4 Research Milestones
1. Introduction2. Long-span Suspension Bridges3. Structural Health Monitoring Systems4. SHM-Oriented Modeling5. Monitoring of Highway Loading Effects6. Monitoring of Railway Loading Effects7. Monitoring of Temperature Effects8. Monitoring of Wind Effects9. Monitoring of Seismic Effects10. Monitoring of Other Effects11. Structural Damage Detection12. Bridge Rating System13. Establishment of Test-beds14. Epilogue: Challenges and Prospects
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4.5 Future Infrastructure
Structural Vibration Control Technology: Equip an importantstructure with semi-active, active or hybrid control devices, asensing network and an information technology-based dataanalysis system in order to:
Reduce excessive vibration Enhance structural functionality, safety, and sustainability Retrofit historic buildings and structures
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4.5 Future Infrastructure
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4.5 Future Infrastructure
At present, the areas of structural health monitoring andvibration control have been treated separately according tothe primary objective pursued.
However, both technologies require the use of sensors, dataacquisition, signal transmission, data processing and dataanalysis.
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4.5 Future Infrastructure
The next step shall be to integrate the two systems together tocreate a smart structure with the sensors (nervous system),processors (brain system), and actuators (muscular system) sothat the smart structure can mimic biological systems tofunction themselves properly at all levels of specifiedperformance and to protect themselves against all kinds ofnatural and man-made hazards.
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4.5 Future Infrastructure
Smart Buildings Smart VAWT
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4.5 Future Infrastructure
This is a spectacular idea of our structural engineers. The ideamay be turned into reality in the decades ahead.
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Acknowledgments
Financial Sponsors: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University The Hong Kong Highways Department The Hong Kong Research Grants Council
Thank many co-workers and students. Without their helps andsupports, it is impossible to deliver this lecture.
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Thank you for your attention
Welcome you to visit the Hong Kong Polytechnic University!