Health dimensions
-
Upload
caen-iz-lov -
Category
Health & Medicine
-
view
809 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Health dimensions
![Page 1: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Health Dimensions &Implications of Substance Abuse
Maria Lourdes D. Hembra, MD, MMIPCenter for Health Development Region VI
Mandurriao, Iloilo City
![Page 2: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Approximate Costs of Substance Abuse inthe U.S.
![Page 3: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Substance Abuse & Public Health
• Cancer
• HIV/AIDS
• Heart Disease
![Page 4: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Social Problems Related to Substance Abuse
• Drugged driving
• Stress
• Violence
• Child abuse
![Page 5: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Why are Adolescents prone to Substance Use ?
• Greater motivational drives for novel experiences (experimentation)
• Immature inhibitory control system (self-regulation)
Chambers and Potenza, 2003
![Page 7: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Impact of Substance Abuse
• Individual– Adolescence– Mental illness– Consequences of substance use– Deaths
• Family– Prenatal – smoking, cocaine– Child abuse
![Page 8: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Impact of Substance Abuse
• Community– Homelessness– Crime – Education – Workplace
![Page 9: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Comparing Costs of Chronic Illness (US)
• Diabetes costs to society = $ 131.7 B annually
• Cancer costs to society = $ 171.6 B annually
• Substance abuse costs to society = $ 484 B annually
![Page 10: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Contributors to the Economic Costs of Substance Abuse and Addiction
► Health care expenditures– Alcohol and drug abuse services– Medical consequences
► Productivity (lost earnings)– Premature death– Impaired job performance– Institutionalized population– Incarceration– Criminal victimization
► Other impacts on society– Crime– Social welfare administration– Vehicular accidents
Adapted from Harwood et al., Addiction, 1999.
![Page 11: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Why do people take Drugs• To feel good• To feel better• To do better• Curiosity and “because
others are doing it”
![Page 12: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Conceptual Framework for Prevention
• Risk factors– Biological– Psychological/behavioral– Societal/environmental
• “More means more likely”• Reduction of risks leads to less vulnerability
![Page 13: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Conceptual Framework for Prevention
• Protective factors– Reduces likelihood that a substance abuse
disorder will develop
• Positive characteristics and circumstances• Balance/buffer risk factors
![Page 14: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Risk Factors
• ineffective parenting• chaotic home environment• lack of mutual attachments/nurturing• inappropriate behavior in the classroom• failure in school performance• poor social coping skills• affiliations with deviant peers• perceptions of approval of drug-using
behaviors in the school, peer, and community environments
![Page 15: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Protective Factors
strong family bondsparental monitoringparental involvementsuccess in school performanceprosocial institutions (e.g. such as
family, school, and religious organizations)
conventional norms about drug use
![Page 16: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Profile of Filipino Drug Abusers• Mean age 28 • 11:1 male/female ratio• Single -51.65%, married – 34.44%• Occupation
– Unemployed 38.87%– Workers/employees 30.94%– Self-employed 12.47%– Students 5%– Out of school youth .90%
• Educational attainment– High school level 29.41%– College level 28.23%– High school graduate 16.74%
Dangerous Drugs Board, 2003 (center based)
![Page 17: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA)
![Page 18: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
HEALTH & SOCIAL CONSEQUENCESOF SUBSTANCE USE
![Page 19: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Health Consequences of Substance Use
• HIV, Hepatitis and other infectious diseases – Needle sharing– Risky sexual behavior
• Cardiovascular effects– Increased heart rate (tachycardia)– Increased blood pressure (hypertension)– Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmias)– Cardiac enlargement (Cardiomegaly
/cardiomyopathy)
![Page 20: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Health Consequences of Substance Use
• Respiratory effects– Bronchitis– Emphysema – Lung cancer
• Gastrointestinal effects– Heartburn– Ulcers– Bleeding – Pancreatitis– Hypoglycemia
![Page 21: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Health Consequences of Substance Use
• Musculoskeletal effects– Cramps– Muscle weakness– Atrophy (malnutrition)
• Kidney damage– Kidney failure
• Liver damage– Hepatitis– Cirrhosis
![Page 22: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Health Consequences of Substance Use
• Neurological effects– Seizures, stroke– Problems with memory, attention, decision
making• Mental health effects
– Paranoia, depression, hallucinations, aggression• Hormonal effects
– Infertility, decreased libido, masculinization in women
![Page 23: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Health Consequences of Substance Use
• Cancer– Lungs, neck, stomach, mouth– Throat, voice box, breast
• Prenatal effects– Prematurity, miscarriage, low birth weight
• Mortality – One in four deaths is attributable to alcohol,
tobacco and other drugs
![Page 24: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Health Consequences of Substance Use
• Other health effects– Appetite changes– Hyperthermia– Mood swings– Fatigue– Insomnia – Restlessness
![Page 25: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
RANDOM DRUG TESTING ACTIVITIES
Dangerous Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment Program
Department of Health
![Page 26: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Random Drug Testing
is to subject students/employees for drug testing as selected following no specific pattern
and without prior notice and having an equal chance of being selected.
![Page 27: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Who are required to undergo RANDOM drug testing?
• Students of Secondary and Tertiary schools– Department of Education Order Number 63
series of 2003 “General Guidelines on Random Drug Testing of High School Students”
– Requisites:– Pursuant to rules and regulations as contained in the
schools student handbook– With notice to parents– Government shall bear the cost of drug testing (private
or public schools)
![Page 28: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• Objectives
– Pursuant to Board Regulation No 6, 2003
• To determine prevalence of drug users among students
• To assess the effectivity of school-based and community-based prevention programs
• To deter the use of illegal drugs• To facilitate rehabilitation of drug users and
dependents• To strengthen collaboration efforts of identified
agencies against the use of illegal drugs
![Page 29: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• 8670 students tested, 287 schools selected at random nationwide
• Nationwide Prevalence – 67 students out of 8,670 students is 0.8%
![Page 30: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Student Random Drug TestingConfirmed Positive Per Region
Region Positive Cases per Type
Total Number of Students Tested
Positive
Percentage
THC Met Both
1 0 0 0 0 0.0
2 0 0 0 0 0.0
3 1 1 0 2 3.0
4-A 4 2 0 6 9.0
5 1 0 0 1 1.5
6 2 0 0 2 3.0
7 3 3 4 10 14.9
8 2 0 0 2 3.0
9 1 0 0 1 1.5
10 13 0 0 13 19.4
11 10 0 0 10 14.9
12 7 0 0 7 10.4
CARAGA 9 0 0 9 13.4
ARMM 0 1 0 1 1.5
4-B 0 0 0 0 0.0
CAR 1 0 0 1 1.5
NCR 0 2 0 2 3.0
TOTAL 54 9 4 67 100.0
![Page 31: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Region Total Number of Students Tested Positive
Total Number of Students Tested Positive
Dep Ed Ched
1 0 2
2 0 4
3 2 4
4-A 6 0
5 1 0
6 2 4
7 10 3
8 2 0
9 1 1
10 13 7
11 10 1
12 7 1
CARAGA 9 6
ARMM 1 4
4-B 0 0
CAR 1 0
NCR 2 2
TOTAL 67 39
*2005 Random Drug testing of 8670 High School Students –yielded a 0.8% nationwide prevalence
*2007 Random Drug testing of 7,499College Students –yielded. 0.5% nationwide prevalence
![Page 32: Health dimensions](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050904/546319cfaf7959422a8b507f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The End !