Health Chapter 23
Transcript of Health Chapter 23
584
Medicines and DrugsThe Role of Medicines
Drug UsemdashA High-RiskBehavior
Marijuana Inhalantsand Steroids
Psychoactive Drugs
Living Drug Free
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585
Using Visuals Illegal drugs can seriously damagea personrsquos physical mentalemotional and socialhealth In what specific ways can drugs affect anathletersquos life
Make this Foldable to help you organizewhat you learn about the role ofmedicines Begin with a plain sheet of11 x 17 paper
Fold the short sidesof a sheet of paperinto the middle toform a shutterfold
Fold the shutterfoldin half
Unfold Cut along the inside fold lineson both sides to form four tabs Label as shown
As you read and discuss the material inthe chapter use your Foldable to takenotes and to list examples under theappropriate tabs
Before You Read
MedicinesThat
PreventDisease
MedicinesThat
PromoteHealth
MedicinesThat
RelievePain
MedicinesThat Fight
Pathogens
As You Read
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The Role of MedicinesYOUrsquoLL LEARN TObull Analyze the relationship between medicines health
promotion and disease prevention
bull Describe the difference between prescription and over-the-counter medicines
bull Analyze the influence of laws policies and practices onhealth-related issues including those related to the safe use of medicines for disease prevention
What precautions do you take when you are about to use a medicineOn a separate sheet of paper write three types of medicines with which you are familiartell why each is taken and explain what you know about proper use of that medicine
586 Chapter 23 Medicines and Drugs
VOCABULARYmedicinesdrugsvaccineanalgesicsside effectsadditive interactionsynergistic effectantagonistic interaction
edicines are taken for many different reasons A person mayM sustain a painful injury while playing a sport or perhapsdevelop a chest cold accompanied by a hacking cough To help pro-mote health and to help prevent or treat disease people often takemedicines
Classification of Medicineshere are countless medicines that treat a wide range of health T problems are drugs that are used to treat or prevent
disease or other conditions are substances other than food thatchange the structure or function of the body or mind All medicines aredrugs but not all drugs are medicines Medicines can be sorted intofour broad categories medicines that
help prevent disease
fight pathogens or infectious agents that cause disease
relieve pain
help maintain or restore health and regulate the bodyrsquos systems
DrugsMedicinesMedicines are taken
to fight illness promotehealth prevent disease and reduce pain Whenwas the last time youneeded to use some type of medication
102744
Medicines That Prevent DiseaseOne main purpose of medicines is to promote health by prevent-
ing diseases before they occur There are two main types of preventivemedicines
Vaccines A is a preparation introduced into the body to stimulate an immune response These medicines containweakened or dead pathogens that stimulate your body toproduce specific antibodies against those pathogens Oncethe antibodies are produced they give your body long-lastingprotection against these specific pathogens in the future
Antitoxins These extracts of blood fluids contain antibodiesand act more quickly than vaccines They are produced by inocu-lating animals such as sheep horses or rabbits with specifictoxins that stimulate the animalrsquos immune system to produceantibodies In humans the injection of antitoxins neutralizes theeffect of toxins such as those that cause tetanus and diphtheria
Medicines That Fight PathogensAntibiotics are a class of chemical agents that destroy disease-
causing microorganisms while leaving the patient unharmed Anti-biotics work either by killing harmful bacteria in the body or bypreventing bacteria from reproducing The chemical compositionof each antibiotic is effective against a particular range of bacteria
In recent years strains of bacteria have emergedthat are resistant to penicillin and other antibi-otics This drug resistance occurs when a bacterialstrain undergoes a change in genetic structure as aresult of overexposure to an antibiotic making thebacterium ldquoimmunerdquo to the medicine For examplea bacteria called pneumococcus that causes ear andsinus infections and pneumonia is now resistant topenicillin The overuse of antibiotics and failure to finish a prescription medication are two reasonswhy bacteria develop resistance A new generationof broad-spectrum antibiotics has been developedthat kill a wide variety of bacteria including somepenicillin-resistant strains
ANTIVIRALS AND ANTIFUNGALS
Antibiotics have no effect on viruses However anew group of drugs called antivirals has been devel-oped to treat some viral illnesses Antiviral medi-cines often only suppress the virus they donrsquot killit Antifungals can cure or suppress infections suchas athletersquos foot and ringworm
vaccine
587Lesson 1 The Role of Medicines
antibodies For more informa-tion on antibodies and vaccinessee Chapter 24 page 633
Athletersquos foot can becontrolled with antifungalmedicines Why is itimportant to use thecorrect medicine for aparticular treatment
15264
Medicines That Relieve PainProbably the most common medicines are analgesics
or pain relievers Analgesics range from comparatively mildmedicines such as aspirin to strong narcotics such as theopium-based morphine and codeine Aspirin containsacetylsalicylic (uh-SEE-tuhl-sal-uh-SIL-ik) acid Aspirin isused to relieve pain to reduce fever and to treat arthritis
Because of its widespread use many people donrsquot realizethat aspirin can be dangerous Even small amounts canirritate the stomach especially when itrsquos empty Aspirincan cause dizziness and ringing in the ears Children who take aspirin are at risk of developing Reyersquos syn-drome a potentially life-threatening illness of the brainand liver Aspirin therefore should not be given to any-one under the age of 20 unless a health care professionaldirects otherwise Some people who are sensitive to aspirintake acetaminophen (uh-see-tuh-MIH-nuh-fuhn) oribuprofen (eye-byoo-PRO-fuhn) instead Acetaminophenis the recommended analgesic for children
Medicines That Promote HealthMedicines that maintain or restore health enable many
people with chronic disease to function at an increasedlevel of wellness Such medicines include
Allergy medicines Many people rely on antihistamines andother medications to reduce the sneezing itchy or watery eyesand runny nose that often accompany allergies
Body-regulating medicines Some medicines maintainhealth by regulating body chemistry Insulin is used to treatdiabetes Asthma sufferers use inhalers to relieve the swelling ofbronchial tubes Cardiovascular medicines are taken to regulateblood pressure normalize irregular heartbeats or regulate otherfunctions of the cardiovascular system
Antidepressant and antipsychotic medicines Thesemedicines help normalize brain chemistry For example moodstabilizers are often used in the treatment of mood disordersdepression and schizophrenia Proper medication can helppeople with these problems live healthy productive lives
Cancer treatment medicines These medicines reduce rapidcell growth and help stop the spread of cancer cells For instancechemotherapy is used to kill fast-growing cancer cells Thismedication either applied to the skin or injected results inserious side effects that usually disappear after treatment stops
588 Chapter 23 Medicines and Drugs
Medicines help manypeople with conditionssuch as asthma anddiabetes live activenormal lives How arethese diseases kept under control
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Lesson 1 The Role of Medicines 589
Medicines and the Bodyedicines can have a variety of effects on individuals orM can cause different reactions A personrsquos reaction to a
given medicine depends on how that medicine mixes with thechemicals in his or her body Most medicines cause
reactions to medicine other than the one intended Itrsquosimportant to be aware of your reactions to medicines andreport these to your health care provider Patients shouldalways tell their doctors about any medicines they are alreadytaking when a new medicine is prescribed
When medicines are taken together or when a medication istaken in combination with certain foods the combination mayproduce different effects In some cases physicians make use ofinteractions to increase the effectiveness of a treatment Otherinteractions may be harmful
occurs when medicines work together ina positive way For example both an anti-inflammatory and amuscle relaxant may be prescribed to treat joint pain
is an interaction of two or more medicinesthat results in a greater effect than when the medicines are takenalonemdashone medicine increases the strength of the other Onemedicine may boost the rate of digestion for exampleenabling a second medicine to be absorbed faster
occurs when the effect of onemedicine is canceled or reduced when taken with another medicineFor example someone who receives an organ transplant musttake antirejection medicines If the person is diabetic and takes insulin the antirejection medicine may decrease theeffectiveness of the insulin
Other ProblemsA person may experience other problems when taking medicines
Tolerance is a condition in which the body becomes used tothe effect of a medicine The body then requires increasinglylarger doses of the medicine to produce the same effectSometimes a person will experience ldquoreverse tolerancerdquo In this condition the body requires less of the substance toproduce the desired effect
Withdrawal occurs when a person stops using a medicine on which he or she has a chemical dependence For examplemedicines containing codeine can lead to dependence Symp-toms of withdrawal which include nervousness insomnia severeheadaches vomiting chills and cramps gradually ease overtime Withdrawal sometimes requires medical intervention
Antagonistic interaction
Synergistic effect
Additive interaction
effectsside
In addition to your healthcare provider your localpharmacist is a personwho can answer questionsabout medications Whatquestions should you askyour pharmacist beforetaking a new medication
141264
Medicine Safetyo minimize risks to the public the federal government has T established laws and policies for testing and approving new
medicines In the United States all medicines must meet standardsset by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before beingapproved and made available for sale The FDA requires manufac-turers to supply information about a medicinersquos chemical composi-tion intended use effects and possible side effects One practice of the FDA is to determine how medicine should be released to the public
Prescription medicines The FDA has ruled that certainmedicines cannot be used without the written approval of alicensed physician These prescription medicines are availableonly by means of a doctorrsquos written instructions and can bedispensed only by a licensed pharmacist Figure 231 shows the information that must appear on every prescriptionmedicine label
Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines This group includes a wide variety of medicines that you can buy without aprescription Although the FDA considers it safe to use these
590 Chapter 23 Medicines and Drugs
ABC Pharmacy500 Carter RoadAnytown NY 78060
Rx 7531000Dr Fisher MD
Marcus SmithTake one tablet 4 times daily Finish all medication Take with food
Erythromycin Tab 500mg
Date filled 012004
Tel (214) 555-8888
Refills 0
ACS QTY 24
Discard after 012005
Name ofprescribing doctor
Pharmacy name address and phone number
Name ofpatient
Directionsfrom thedoctor
Name ofmedicine
Strength
Date prescriptionwas filled
Expirationdate
Number of tabletsin container
Number ofrefills allowed
Prescriptionnumber
PRESCRIPTION MEDICINE LABELPrescription labels must carry certain information about themedicine In order to use a medicine safely always read the label carefully and talk to your doctor or pharmacist ifyou have any questions
Keep medicine in thecontainer in which it wasoriginally packaged
Store medicines in a safeplace that is out of the reachof children
Never disable or replace thechild-resistant cap on amedicine container
Flush down the toilet anymedicines that have passedtheir expiration date
Guidelines for safe medicine use
Safe Medicine Use
Reduce the risk of inappro-priate use of medications byfollowing these tips
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medications without medical supervision any drugs can beharmful if not used properly
When the FDA approves a medicine it is saying that the medicineis safe when used as directed FDA approval also means that a med-icine is effective in treating the condition for which it is prescribed
Medicine MisuseMedicines can promote health and prevent disease but it is the
responsibility of individuals and families to use medicines andsupplements as they are prescribed or intended by law policy orcommonly accepted practice All medicines are packaged withinstructions for use Failing to follow these instructions can haveserious health consequences Other types of medical misuse include
giving a prescription medicine to a person for whom it was notprescribed or taking another personrsquos medicine
taking too much or too little of a medicine or taking amedicine for a longer or shorter period than prescribed
discontinuing use of a medicine without informing the healthcare professional
mixing medicines
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary1 What are the four broad categories of medicines
2 What government organization tests and approvesall new medications
3 List three specific examples of medicine misuse
Thinking Critically4 Synthesizing Analyze the influence of laws
policies and practices on the public release ofmedicine in the United States
5 Evaluating Analyze the relationship and use ofmedicines that promote health and those thatprevent disease Give two examples
S P R E A D S H E E T S Use a spreadsheet toorganize information for your poster See healthglencoecomfor tips on how to use spreadsheets
Lesson 1 The Role of Medicines 591
Applying Health Skills Accessing Information Using reliableresources research the known benefits andrisks of aspirin Integrate the informationyou have found into a poster about safeaspirin use Make sure your poster explainswhy dosages vary for infants childrenadults and the elderly
Ephedrine and creatineare dietary supplementssometimes misused byathletes to enhance perfor-mance Ingredients in thesesubstances produce druglikeeffects Medical professionalsreport that these compoundsmay be related to increasednumbers of heatstroke deathssince 1995 Ephedrine andcreatine can seriously affectthe heart and CNS Sideeffects raise core body tem-perature to dangerous levelsand reduce the bodyrsquos abilityto dissipate heat resulting in heatstroke
healthglencoecom
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Drug UsemdashA High-Risk BehaviorYOUrsquoLL LEARN TObull Define substance abuse and recognize the health risks
involved
bull Analyze the harmful effects of drugs on the fetus
bull Analyze the harmful effects of drugs such as physicalmental social and legal consequences
o one starts using drugs with the intention of causing a Ndrug-related injury or getting hooked on the drug Substanceabuse is a high-risk behavior Recognizing the difference betweendrug misuse and substance abuse will help you avoid the risks asso-ciated with these potentially dangerous substances
What Is Substance Abuses you learned in Lesson 1 medicine misuse occurs when Apeople use medicines carelessly or in an improper way
However some people misuse medicines intentionally to achieve aldquohighrdquo This is any unnecessary or improper use ofchemical substances for nonmedical purposes Substance abuse includesoveruse or multiple use of a drug use of an illegal drug and use ofa drug in combination with alcohol or other drugs
Not all abused substances are medicines Many are or street drugs chemical substances that people of any age may
not lawfully manufacture possess buy or sell People who use illegaldrugs are guilty of a crime called the use or sale ofany substance that is illegal or otherwise not permitted This includesthe selling of prescription drugs on the street
illicit drug use
drugsillegal
substance abuse
Substance abuse has effects both on individuals and on society as a wholeList as many of the dangerous effects of drugs as you can think of that affect the user theuserrsquos family and friends and the rest of society
592
VOCABULARYsubstance abuseillegal drugsillicit drug useoverdosepsychological dependencephysiological dependenceaddiction
Substance abuse harmsconcentration and coor-dination You cannot doyour best if your body andmind are not functioningproperly How will youprotect your health and avoid substanceabuse
116568
Factors That Influence Decisions About DrugsAll teens are faced with choices about drug abuse Many factors
influence a teenrsquos response to the opportunities to experiment withdrugs including the following
Peer pressure is the influence that people your age may haveon you Teens whose friends and acquaintances avoid drug usecan say no to drugs more easily than teens whose friendsaccept and even encourage drug use
Lesson 2 Drug UsemdashA High-Risk Behavior
05
10152025
Youth Participation in Drug-Prevention Programs
Participated in a Problem-Solving Communication
or Self-Esteem Group
Participated in a Drug-Prevention ProgramOutside of School
Pa
rtic
ipat
ing
201 189241
126 118139
1999 2000 2001
bull In 2001 241 percent of youthssurveyed participated in aproblem-solving communica-tion or self-esteem group Thepercentage of students who hadparticipated in a drug-preven-tion program outside of schoolwas 139 percent
bull According to the results of thissurvey teens reporting anincrease in the use of illicitdrugs did not participate in such a program What does thisindicate about the influencedrug-prevention programs canhave on a teenrsquos decision toavoid drugs
bull Survey results also showed 559 percent of youths age 12 to 17 indicated that they hadtalked with a parent in the pastyear about the dangers of alcoholand drug use What effect doyou think support from parentshas on teensrsquo participation indrug-prevention programs
Write a newspaper article that describes factors that influence teensrsquo choices about whether touse drugs Include internal and external influences How can teens benefit from participating indrug-prevention programs and influence others in a positive and healthful way
ACTIVITYACTIVITY
A C TA C T I V I T YI V I T Y
Analyzing Trends Drug-Prevention ProgramsAccording to findings by a National Household Survey on DrugAbuse (NHSDA) more and more teens are getting involved indrug-prevention programs What effect do you think this has on teensrsquo making the decision to avoid drug use
Source Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration NHSDASurvey 2001
593
1098
Family members can help teens resist drugsParents and other adults who avoid drug use andwho discourage drug experimentation influencetheir teens to abstain from drugs
Role models are people you admire and want toimitate Teens who look up to coaches athletesactors and professionals who avoid and discouragedrug use have an advantage in resisting drugs
Media messages can influence your impressionof drug use Messages from TV digital media filmand music for example may be misleading about the harmful effects of drugs
Perceptions of societyrsquos drug behavior are ofteninaccurate According to the 2001 Youth RiskBehavior Survey nearly 70 percent of high schoolstudents do not use drugs
Health Consequences of Drug Usellegal drugs have harmful side effects that can range from minor I to deadly Unlike medicines these substances are not monitored
for quality purity or strength The effects of such drugs is unpre-dictable Drug abuse affects all sides of the health triangle
Physical consequences Once a drug enters the bloodstreamit can harm a userrsquos brain heart lungs and other vital organsA serious danger of drug abuse is the risk of overdosing An
is a strong sometimes fatal reaction to taking a largeamount of a drug Some drug use involves injecting substancesthrough a needle which can increase the risk of contractingdiseases such as hepatitis B and HIV
Mentalemotional consequences Drugs cloud reasoningand thinking and users lose control of their behavior As shownin Figure 232 on page 595 the drug ecstasy alters the brainrsquosstructure and function People who experiment with drugsoften lose sight of their values While under the influence ofdrugs teens may no longer recall the positive beliefs valuesand ideals they have used to guide their own conduct
Social consequences Even people who are ldquojust experi-mentingrdquo with drugs do and say things they later regretSubstance abuse can have a negative effect on relationshipswith friends and family members It can cause teens to beexpelled from school or dropped from a school team and itoften has legal consequences Substance abuse is a major factorin many crimes suicides and unintentional injuries
overdose
594 Chapter 23 Medicines and Drugs
hepatitis B and HIV Formore information on hepatitisB and HIV see Chapters 24 and25 pages 638 and 662
A strong supportivesystem of family andfriends can help a teenmake the healthfuldecision to avoid drugsWhat other factors helpyou remain drug free
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DRUG USE AND THE BRAINEcstasy a stimulant drug that speeds up the nervous system affectsparts of the brain controlling thinking mood memory and perception
595Lesson 2 Drug UsemdashA High-Risk Behavior
addiction For more infor-mation on addiction seeChapter 22 page 578
Understanding the Addiction CycleTeens who experiment with drugs will experience side effects or
unwanted reactions The side effects can range from nausea andheadaches to a loss of consciousness and even death and can occurwith a teenrsquos first use of a drug What may begin as a seeminglyharmless pastime can result in serious consequences including
Tolerance The body of the substance abuser needs more andmore of the drug to get the same effect
Psychological dependence A condition in which a personbelieves that a drug is needed in order to feel good or to functionnormally develops over timeThe user has a continuing desire to take the drug for its effect
Physiological dependence A person who experiences thesevere effects of withdrawal when he or she stops taking a drughas a a condition in which the userhas a chemical need for the drug Symptoms of withdrawal caninclude nervousness insomnia severe nausea headachesvomiting chills and cramps In some cases death can result
Addiction Anyone who takes drugs risks one of the mostfrightening side effects a physiological or psychologi-cal dependence on a drug Addiction causes persistent compulsiveuse of a substance known by the user to be harmful People whoare addicted to a substance have great difficulty in stoppingwithout professional intervention
addiction
physiological dependence
psychological dependence
neocortex
hypothalamus
basal ganglia
amygdala
hippocampus
106128
Other Consequences of Drug Usen addition to the physical risks to a personrsquos health substance I abuse can damage a teenrsquos performance in school and in sports
and his or her relationships with friends and family The abuse ofdrugs adds pressure and stress to a period of life that is already filledwith both
Consequences for the IndividualDrug use affects all aspects of a personrsquos health Mental and physi-
cal health suffer as tolerance dependence and addiction developThe effects of drug use also influence emotional health People whoexperiment with drugs tend to lose control more readily than thosewho do not This tendency can lead to violence Substance abuse isalso a major factor in violent crimes suicides and both unintentionaland intentional deaths Drug use can lead to a relaxing of inhibitionsAs a result drug users are at risk for engaging in sexual activity whichcan lead to unintended pregnancy and exposure to STDs
LEGAL CONSEQUENCES
Teens possessing using manufacturing or selling drugs are com-mitting the crime of illicit drug use Being arrested leads to court finesand legal fees Some states automatically suspend the driving privilegesof minors convicted of a drug offense Suspension from school jailtime and probation also are consequences of arrest and conviction
Consequences for Family and FriendsSome people believe that their decision about drug use is their
business and doesnrsquot involve anyone else That is not true Whenan individual chooses to abuse drugs the decision affects everyonein the userrsquos life Teens who become involved with drugs lose theirinterest in healthy activities and have little time for friends whovalue a drug-free lifestyle Family members have a responsibility tobe aware of the warning signs of drug use and to encourage theindividual to seek professional help
Consequences for Babies and ChildrenSubstance abuse can cause considerable harm to developing
fetuses infants and children of drug users A pregnant female whouses drugs passes the drug through the placenta to her unborn childThe baby may be spontaneously aborted or born with birth defectsbehavioral problems or an addiction If either parent is using injecteddrugs the baby may be born with HIV caused by the sharing ofinfected needles by one or both parents A nursing mother who uses
drugs passes these substances through breast milk to her childBabies born to mothers who used depressants or other drugs dur-ing pregnancy may be physically dependent on drugs and showsevere withdrawal symptoms at birth
Experimenting even oncewith a drug can quicklylead to a harmful anddamaging addiction Whatconsequences of drug useaffect family and friends
596 Chapter 23 Medicines and Drugs
Courage When you resist thepressure to use drugs you demon-strate that you are responsible andthat you have the courage to dothe right thing Join with friendsto visit elementary schoolsShare with younger students thepositive behaviors and actionsyou use to stay drug free
STDs For more informationabout STDs see Chapter 25 page 646
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Children of drug users are often neglected and abused becausetheir addicted parents cannot properly care for them These chil-dren may suffer a lifetime of physical and emotional problems andmay need to seek help from health professionals later in life
Costs to SocietyDrug abuse has consequences beyond the individual and family
One of the biggest burdens placed on society is a rise in drug-relatedcrime and violence because the use of drugs decreases inhibitionsincreases aggressiveness and clouds judgment Driving under theinfluence of an illegal substance can result in vehicle collisions andcause countless injuries and deaths
Drug abuse also affects the nationrsquos economyAccording to a recent study by the Office of NationalDrug Control Policy illegal drugs cost the Americaneconomy $160 billion per year The costs result fromlost work hours and productivity caused by drug-related illnesses jail time accidents and deathshealth costs and legal fees resulting from illegal druguse and law enforcement costs and insurance costsfrom drug-related damages injuries and deaths
The consequences of drug abusemdashphysical mentalemotional social and legalmdashare 100 percent pre-ventable By choosing a drug-free lifestyle you avoidthese consequences
Applying Health Skills Advocacy With classmates analyze thephysical mentalemotional social andlegal consequences of drug use Put yourideas in the form of a video or publicservice announcement to advocate a drug-free lifestyle
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary1 What are substance abuse and illegal drugs
2 What are the factors that influence a teenrsquosdecision about substance abuse
3 Analyze and explain the harmful effects of drugson the fetus
Thinking Critically4 Synthesizing List three costs of drug use to
society and give examples of how each of thesecosts might affect you
5 Evaluating What are some of the reasons that a substance abuser may have difficulties inachieving long-term goals
P R E S E N T A T I O N S O F T W A R EPresentation software can help give your antidrugmessage a professional look Find help in usingpresentation software at healthglencoecom
Lesson 2 Drug UsemdashA High-Risk Behavior 597
These teens recognize thatusing illegal drugs resultsin suspension or expulsionfrom school as well aslegal consequences Howcan these consequencesinterfere with a teenrsquosgoals
healthglencoecom
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VOCABULARYmarijuanaparanoiainhalantsanabolic-androgenic
steroids
Marijuana Inhalants and SteroidsYOUrsquoLL LEARN TObull Analyze the harmful effects of marijuana inhalants steroids and other
substances such as physical mental social and legal consequences
bull Analyze and apply strategies for avoiding the use of marijuanainhalants and steroids
bull Explain the relationship between alcohol and other drugs and other substances used by adolescents
uppose that someone dared you to go into your schoolrsquos chem-S istry lab and swallow a mixture of unfamiliar chemicals Yoursquodthink the idea was pretty crazy wouldnrsquot you Yet this is exactlywhat people do when they experiment with illegal drugs and othersubstances No government agency inspects these substances as isdone with medicines to make sure theyrsquore safe and pure Peoplewho take illegal drugs are gambling with their lives
Marijuana
M the common name for the Indian hemp plant cannabis is a plant whose leaves buds and flowers are usually
smoked for their intoxicating effects It is one of the most widely usedillegal drugs and is also known as grass weed and pot It is often thefirst drug teens experiment with after alcohol Hashish or hash is astronger form of marijuana Studies have shown that an individualwho uses marijuana is 17 times more likely to use cocaine than onewho has never used marijuana Contrary to popular opinion thisdrug is not harmless All forms of marijuana are mind altering andcan damage the userrsquos health When combined with other drugs andother substances such as alcohol marijuana can be deadly
arijuana
Marijuana is an illegaldrug It affects yourmemory concentrationcoordination and reactiontime What strategies doyou have for avoidingmarijuana use
Knowing the risks of substance abuse can help you stay drug freeWrite three reasons for saying no to drugs Then modify these reasons into effectiverefusal statements that you could use if someone offered you drugs
598 Chapter 23 Medicines and Drugs
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THE HEALTH RISKS OF MARIJUANAThe effects of marijuana use vary from person to person and can be influenced by an individualrsquos mood and surroundings In allcases however marijuana poses serious health risks
Marijuana and AddictionAs with other mood-altering drugs marijuana raises levels of a
brain chemical called dopamine This chemical produces a pleasur-able feeling In some users the drug triggers the release of so muchdopamine that a feeling of intense well-being or elation is reachedWhen the drug wears off however the pleasure sensation stopsoften dramatically This abrupt letdown is called a crash Marijuanacontains more cancer-causing chemicals than tobacco smoke andcarries the same health risks as smoking tobacco Marijuana alsointerferes with the immune system so the user becomes more sus-ceptible to infections Many of the physical effects of marijuana useare summarized in Figure 233
599Lesson 3 Marijuana Inhalants and Steroids
Marijuana contains 421different chemicals includingd-alpha-tetrahydrocannabinol(THC) the main psychoactiveingredient in marijuana THCis stored in body fat andtraces of it can be present in the blood for as long as amonth It has a lasting effecton the brain This means thata marijuana user can fail adrug test weeks after usingthe drug
bull Hallucinations and paranoiabull Impaired short-term memory reaction
time concentration and coordinationbull Distorted sense of time sight touch
and soundbull Decreased initiative and ambitionbull Bloodshot eyesbull Dry mouth
bull Lung irritation coughingbull Heart and lung damagebull Increased risk of lung cancerbull Weakened immunity increased susceptibility
to colds flu and viral infections
bull Increased appetite leading to weight gainbull In pregnant females increased risk of
stillbirths and birth defectsbull Changed hormone levels affecting normal
body development in teensbull In females increased testosterone levels and
risk of infertilitybull In males lowered sperm count and
testosterone levels
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MentalEmotional Health ConsequencesMarijuana users experience slow mental reflexes and may suffer
sudden feelings of anxiety and an irrational suspiciousnessor distrust of others The user may feel dizzy have trouble walkingand have difficulty remembering events that just happenedBecause short-term memory is adversely affected problems atschool and at work may develop Users often experience distortedperception loss of coordination and trouble with thinking andproblem solving
Physical ConsequencesFor teens marijuana poses physical risks to the reproductive
organs In males regular use interferes with sperm production andlowers levels of testosterone the hormone responsible for thedevelopment of adult male characteristics such as voice changegrowth of body hair and broadened shoulders Females experiencethe opposite effectmdashan increase in testosterone levels This may
result in unwanted facial hair and can lead to infertility
Risks and Consequences of Driving Under the Influence
Driving under the influence of marijuana canbe as dangerous as driving under the influence ofalcohol because marijuana interferes with depthperception impairs judgment and slows reflexesThe penalties and legal consequences of drivingunder the influence of any drug includingmarijuana are strict These include suspensionof a driverrsquos license a fine and often a jail termInsurance premiums are increased when thedriverrsquos license is restored If injury or deathresults from a drug-related accident the impaireddriver may face serious legal prosecution
Inhalants
I are substances whose fumes are sniffed and inhaled to achieve a mind-altering effect Most inhalants go immediately to
the brain causing damage and actually killing brain cells that willnever be replaced Inhalants include solvents and aerosols such asglues spray paints gasoline and varnishes They also includenitrates and nitrous oxides which have medical uses All inhalantsare extremely dangerous and many are labeled as poisons Thesesubstances were never designed to be taken into the body and theycause permanent nervous system and brain damage
nhalants
paranoia
600 Chapter 23 Medicines and Drugs
reproductive organs Formore information on keepingthe reproductive organs healthy see Chapter 18 pages 470 and 475
Driving under the influenceof marijuana can bedangerous What are some effects of marijuanause that could impair a personrsquos ability to drive safely
146016
What Would You DoWrite your own dialogue for thissituation Analyze and apply atleast four refusal strategies foravoiding drugs
Successful Refusal Techniques1 Say no in a firm voice2 Explain why you are refusing3 Suggest alternatives4 Back up your words by using body
language5 Leave if necessary
Refusal Skills No Means NoAt a recent wrestling competition Chris lost to an
opponent he had beaten several times before
Afterward his teammate Josh pulled him aside and said ldquoYou know that guy has been getting helpto build muscles You need steroids to make Staterdquo
Josh held out a pill Chris shook his head ldquoNo wayrdquo
ldquoYoursquoll definitely take home the title if you justhelp yourself to a few of these pillsrdquo Josh said
Chris repeated ldquoI said no and I mean nordquo
Josh persisted ldquoIf you donrsquot you wonrsquot make Staterdquo
ldquoThe title is not so important that I should risk myhealthrdquo Chris reasoned
ldquoIt would just be for this seasonrdquo Josh continued
Chris changed the subject ldquoHey look Jasonrsquos match is on Irsquom going to check it outrdquo Then Chriswalked away
Most inhalants depress the central nervous system and produceeffects that include a glassy stare slurred speech and impairedjudgment Inhalant use or huffing inhaling the fumes from aerosolcans can cause sudden death by increasing heart rate resulting incardiac arrest or it can cause death by suffocation
Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids
A are synthetic substances that are similar to the male sex hormone testosterone Anabolic refers
to muscle building and androgenic refers to increased male charac-teristics When used under a doctorrsquos guidance these substanceshelp build muscles in patients with chronic diseases Steroid use
nabolic-androgenic steroids
601Lesson 3 Marijuana Inhalants and Steroids
80622765
can cause mood swings impaired judgment resulting from feelingsof invincibility and paranoia
Legal and Social Consequences of Steroid UseAll steroid use other than that prescribed by a licensed physician is
illegal and dangerous Although steroids can increase musclestrength the associated tendons and ligaments donrsquot get strongerThis discrepancy can result in injuries that take a long time to healand can end an athletersquos career In addition to causing health prob-lems steroid users often turn to other illegal addictive drugs tocombat the side effects of steroids Abusers may take anabolic steroids
as pills or by injection If needles are shared or contaminatedsteroid users run the risk of exposure to disease-causing
bacteria and viruses including HIVSerious health risks are not the only consequences
of steroid use According to the Anabolic SteroidsControl Act of 1990 the nonmedical use of steroids isillegal for people of all ages in the United States Asdrug testing for athletes becomes more prevalent ath-letes who fail a drug test for steroids can face exclu-sion from an event expulsion from the teammonetary fines and jail time
Applying Health SkillsPracticing Healthful Behaviors Write ashort story in which a teen is being pres-sured to use one of the drugs discussed in this lesson Your story should show howthe teen effectively analyzes and appliesstrategies to avoid the dangers associatedwith drug use
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary1 Explain the relationship between marijuana use
alcohol use and the use of other drugs andsubstances
2 How does marijuana interfere with driving ability
3 Analyze and examine the harmful effects ofinhalants and steroids on body systems
Thinking Critically4 Analyzing Analyze the harmful effects of
marijuana and other substances such as thephysical mental social and legal consequencesof using marijuana
5 Synthesizing Why are younger studentsespecially at risk for inhalant use What can you do to help prevent younger students fromtrying inhalants
P R E S E N T A T I O N S O F T W A R E You canuse presentation software to incorporate appropriate artand graphics to illustrate your story F ind help in usingpresentation software at healthglencoecom
602 Chapter 23 Medicines and Drugs
Improving athleticperformance through hardwork and practice showsthat you are a healthyresponsible person How could use of steroidsharm rather than help anathletersquos career
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11118903
VOCABULARYpsychoactive drugsstimulantseuphoriadepressantsnarcoticshallucinogensdesigner drugs
Psychoactive DrugsYOUrsquoLL LEARN TObull Examine the harmful effects of psychoactive drugs on body systems
bull Explain the role psychoactive drugs and other substances play in unsafe situations such as HIV STDs unplanned pregnancies and motor vehicle accidents
bull Analyze the importance of alternatives to drug and substance use
bull Analyze and apply strategies for avoiding drugs
he central nervous system (CNS) which includes the brain and T the spinal cord is an amazingly complex part of the bodyEvery form of activity from bending a finger to solving abstractproblems involves the central nervous system
chemicals that affect the central nervous system and alter activ-ity in the brain change the functioning of the CNS
Classification of Psychoactive Drugshere are four main groups of psychoactive drugs stimulants T depressants narcotics and hallucinogens (huh-LOO-suhn-uh-
juhnz) Some of these drugs have medicinal value when properlyused However even under a doctorrsquos supervision they carry risksWhen psychoactive drugs are misused or abused a personrsquos healthand the proper function of all body systems are seriously affectedFigure 234 on page 604 shows the health risks of these drugs onbody systems The effects on the developing brain and body of ateen can be especially damaging
drugsPsychoactive
Teens have the opportunity to live healthy livesmdashto be the healthiest theycan be The best way to make the most of that opportunity is to make wise choices thathave a positive effect on your health On a sheet of paper write three ways you cansafeguard your health and avoid the harmful effects of drug use
603Lesson 4 Psychoactive Drugs
Your decision to stayhealthy and drug free will help you succeed in school
8659887
604 Chapter 23 Medicines and Drugs
Consequences for Your HealthTypes of Drugs
bull Nausea abdominal pain malnutritionbull Chest pain respiratory failurebull Headache stroke seizure heart attack deathbull Exposure to HIV through contaminated needles addiction
bull Extreme addiction with the same effects as pure cocainebull Rapid increase in heart rate and blood pressure can cause death
bull Decreased appetite weight loss malnutrition bull High blood pressure rapid heartbeat heart failure deathbull Loss of muscle coordination delirium panicbull Aggressiveness increased tolerance addiction
bull Memory loss heart and nerve damagebull Increased tolerance addiction
bull Reduced heart rate and blood pressurebull Fatigue confusion impaired muscle coordinationbull Impaired memory loss of judgmentbull Reduced respiratory function respiratory arrest death
bull Depression unusual excitement fever irritabilitybull Loss of judgment dizziness
bull Confusion inability to remember what happened bull Decreased blood pressure drowsiness gastrointestinal disturbances
bull Drowsiness nausea vomiting loss of consciousness bull Impaired breathing coma death
bull Nausea constipation
bull Rapid onset of tolerance addiction
bull Confusion sedation unconsciousness coma
bull Reduced respiratory function respiratory arrest deathbull Exposure to HIV through contaminated needles
bull Loss of appetite depressionbull Panic aggression violent actionsbull Increased heart and respiratory function
bull Delusions illusions hallucinations flashbacks convulsions coma death
bull Confusion depression paranoia muscle breakdown
bull Kidney and cardiovascular system failure deathbull Memory loss numbness impaired motor function bull Nausea high blood pressure fatal respiratory reaction
Cocaine
Crack
Amphetamines
Methamphetamine
Barbiturates
Tranquilizers
Rohypnol
GHB
Opium
Morphine
Heroin
Codeine
PCP
LSD
Ecstasy (MDMA)
Ketamine
HEALTH RISKS OF PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS
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12989351
Health Risks of Stimulants
S are drugs that speed up the central nervous systemSome foods such as coffee tea and cola contain small amounts
of a stimulant called caffeine The nicotine in tobacco products isalso a stimulant Sometimes stimulants are prescribed for specificmedical conditions for example the medication used to treathyperactivity Although some stimulants have medical uses manyof these substances are used illegally The most dangerous of theillegal stimulants are cocaine amphetamines (am-FE-tuh-meenz)and methamphetamine (me-tham-FE-tuh-meen)
CocaineCocaine is a rapid-acting powerful highly addictive stimulant
that interrupts normal functioning of the central nervous systemThe purchase and possession of cocaine is illegal everywhere in theUnited States Cocaine is a white powder extracted from the leavesof the coca plant Cocaine users can experience a surge of self-confidence and a feeling of intense well-being or elationEffects of cocaine use can last from 20 minutes to several hours
The feeling of confidence induced by cocaine use is followed byan emotional letdown Regular use can lead to depression fatigueparanoia and physiological dependence Cocaine use can causemalnutrition and especially among teens cardiac problems Whencocaine is snorted it shrinks the tiny blood vessels in the noseRepeated use can lead to collapse of the nasal septum the walldividing the two halves of the nose When users inject cocainethey risk contracting HIV or hepatitis B from infected needlesOverdosing can result in cardiac arrest respiratory failure seizuresand death
CrackAn even more dangerous form of
cocaine is crack Also known as crackcocaine rock or freebase rock crack isone of the most deadly drugs availableIt is a very pure form of cocaine thatreaches the brain seconds after beingsmoked or injected Once in the bloodit causes heart rate and blood pressureto soar to dangerous levels Death mayresult from cardiac or respiratory fail-ure Mixing cocaine and alcohol isextremely dangerous These substancesare combined in the liver increasingthe risk of death from liver failure
euphoria
timulants
605Lesson 4 Psychoactive Drugs
nicotine For more informa-tion on nicotine and tobaccoproducts see Chapter 21 page 540
Crack cocaine is a concen-trated form of cocaine thatcan cause death What are the dangers of mixingcocaine with other drugssuch as alcohol
1073959
AmphetaminesAmphetamines are stimulants used in prescription medicines to
reduce fatigue and drowsiness and to suppress the appetite Howeversome people use amphetamines illegally to stay awake and alert toimprove athletic performance and to lose weight The easily devel-oped tolerance to amphetamines causes a user to ingest more of thesubstance Regular use of amphetamines can result in twitchingirregular heartbeat paranoia and heart and blood vessel damage
MethamphetamineMethamphetamine or meth is a stimulant used in treating
certain diseases including Parkinsonrsquos disease and obesity It is awhite odorless powder that easily dissolves in alcohol or waterBecause it is produced in makeshift labs the drug is readily availablebut its quality is uncertain In recent years this drug has been iden-tified as one of the many dangerous and illegal substances calledclub drugs drugs associated with concerts and all-night parties called
raves Meth may provide a short-term feeling of euphoria Often theuse of this drug results in depres-sion paranoia damage to thecentral nervous system increasedheart rate and blood pressure anddamage to brain cells It can alsocause death
Health Risks of Depressants
D or sedatives are drugs that tend to slow down the
central nervous system Depressantdrugs relax muscles relieve feelings
of tension and worry and cause drowsiness They can be dangerousbecause they slow the heart rate lower blood pressure to dangerous levels and interrupt the normal rate of breathingOne of the most commonly used depressants is alcohol Two typesof sedative medications are barbiturates (bar-BICH-uh-ruhts) andtranquilizers Other widely used depressants include Rohypnol and GHB Combining depressants even in small amounts pro-duces a synergistic effect For example a user combining alcoholand tranquilizers can overdose causing shallow breathing weakand rapid pulse coma and even death
epressants
606 Chapter 23 Medicines and Drugs
TOPIC Dangerous DrugsGo to healthglencoecomfor links to more informa-tion about the dangers ofdrug use
ACTIVITY Using the infor-mation provided at theselinks create a chart listingthe drugs identified onthose sites and three factsabout each drug
Source National Institute on Drug Abuse
The red areas in thenormal brain scan (top)show memory and motorskill control The brainscan on the bottom taken one month after the subjectrsquos use ofmethamphetamineindicates loss of memoryand of motor control
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1003398
BarbituratesBarbiturates belong to a family of sedative-hypnotic drugs or
drugs that induce sleepiness Barbiturate use can result in moodchanges sleeping more than normal and coma Barbiturates arerarely used for medical purposes They are used illegally to producea feeling of intoxication and to counteract the effects of stimulantsCombining barbiturates with alcohol can be fatal
TranquilizersTranquilizers are depressants that reduce muscular activity coor-
dination and attention span Tranquilizers are prescribed to relieveanxiety muscle spasms sleeplessness and nervousness Howeverwhen tranquilizers are overused physiological and psychologicaldependence occurs Withdrawal from tranquilizers causes severeshaking In extreme cases coma or death can result
607Lesson 4 Psychoactive Drugs
Refusing DrugsLearning to say no to drugs is an important
component in maintaining a drug-free life Bypracticing refusal skills you will find it easierto uphold your commitment to a substance-free lifestyle In this activity you will practiceeffective ways to say no to drugs
bull pencil and paperbull one classmate
1 Divide a sheet of paper into twocolumns In the left column list fivepressure lines someone might use to persuade you to use drugs
2 Trade your paper with a classmateRead your partnerrsquos list In the rightcolumn write an effective refusalstatement responding to each
pressure line Possibilities include ldquoNo thanks I donrsquot do drugsrdquo ldquoIrsquom on medicationrdquo or ldquoThat stuffmakes me sickrdquo
3 Working with your partner review your lists and role-play some of themost realistic scenarios Take turnspracticing refusal skills
4 Which refusal statements did you findto be most effective Remember andpractice them to be prepared whensomeone tries to offer you drugs
With your partner plan a public serviceannouncement that emphasizes theimportance of refusal skills Yourannouncement should demonstrate how to say no to drugs effectively
What Yoursquoll Need
What Yoursquoll Do
Apply and Conclude
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9702516
608 Chapter 23 Medicines and Drugs
What is OxyContinOxyContin is a prescriptiondrug that contains oxycodonea strong narcotic When usedproperly under a doctorrsquossupervision it helps relievemoderate to severe chronicpain When used illegally and in combination withalcohol or other depressantshowever OxyContin can bedeadly A side effect of thisdrug is suppression of therespiratory system which can cause death fromrespiratory failure
RohypnolRohypnol is a widely available club drug This depressant which
is ten times as strong as tranquilizers is better known as the daterape drug used in crimes of dating violence Rohypnol comes intablet form and looks like ordinary aspirin The drugrsquos harmlessappearance has made it a dangerously effective drug in date-rapecrimes The victims may be given the tablets without their knowl-edge Rohypnol dissolves in carbonated beverages and may easilybe slipped into a soft drink The victim wakes up much later withno recollection of what may have happened during the last severalhours Unplanned pregnancies and exposure to HIV and STDs canresult from such unsafe situations
GHBAnother club drug is gammahydroxy butyric acid (GHB) Like
Rohypnol it has been in used in date-rape crimes GHB is availableas a clear liquid a white powder and in a variety of tablets andcapsules A person can easily overdose on GHB The drug leaves the blood relatively quickly making it hard for emergency roompersonnel to determine that an overdose has occurred
Narcotics
N are specific drugs that are obtainable only by prescrip- tion and are used to relieve pain Morphine OxyContin and
codeine are examples of narcotics Morphine is sometimes pre-scribed by medical professionals and codeine is an ingredient insome cough medications These drugs relieve pain by blocking painmessengers in the brain Narcotic use can cause euphoria drowsi-ness constipation pinpoint pupils slow and shallow breathingconvulsions coma and death Abuse of narcotics can cause addic-tion Because narcotics are so addictive pharmacists are required tokeep records of all sales of these drugs
HeroinHeroin a highly addictive narcotic is a processed form of mor-
phine that is injected snorted or smoked Heroin depresses thecentral nervous system and slows breathing and pulse rate Heroinabuse can cause infection of the heart lining and valves as well asliver disease Infectious diseases such as pneumonia HIV andhepatitis B can result from the use of infected needles Large dosesmay result in coma or death Users easily develop toleranceprompting increased usage Withdrawal can be very painful Fetaldeath may occur if the user is pregnant
arcotics
date-rape crimes For moreinformation about protectingyourself from date rape seeChapter 13 page 350
13769849
Hallucinogens
H are drugs that alter moods thoughts and sense perceptions including vision hearing smell and touch These
drugs have no medical use Phencyclidine (PCP) lysergic aciddiethylamide (LSD) ketamine and ecstasy are examples of power-ful and dangerous hallucinogens These drugs overload the sensorycontrols in the brain The brain then confuses and intensi-fies sensations and hallucinates Hallucinogens also impairjudgment and reasoning and increase heart and respiratoryrates The altered mental states caused by hallucinogens canlast for several hours or several days The effects areextremely unpredictable and users sometimes harm them-selves physically or demonstrate other violent behaviors
PCPPCP is considered one of the most dangerous of all drugs
and its effects vary greatly from user to user Users reportdistorted sense of time and space increased musclestrength and inability to feel pain Overdoses of PCP cancause death but most PCP-related deaths are caused by thedestructive behavior that the drug produces PCP users havedied in fires because they became disoriented and had nosensitivity to the pain of burning Flashbacks can occur atany time causing panic confusion and lack of control
LSDLSD is an extremely strong hallucinogen Even a tiny amount can
cause hallucinations and severe distorted perceptions of sound andcolor Higher doses increase the risk of convulsions coma heartand lung failure and death Because LSD affects the brainrsquos emo-tional center and distorts reality users may experience emotionsranging from extreme euphoria to panic to deep depressionFlashbacks can involve a frightening range of emotions long afteractual use of the drug
KetamineKetamine is an anesthetic used for medical purposes mostly in
treating animals Misused as a club drug ketamine is often sold asa white powder to be snorted like cocaine or injected The drug isalso smoked with marijuana or tobacco Ketamine causes halluci-nations and dreamlike states Its use may result in death by respi-ratory failure The misuse of ketamine and the use of all otherhallucinogens is illegal
allucinogensIllegal drugs can affect the human body in unpre-dictable ways What aresome of the life-threateningeffects of hallucinogens
609Lesson 4 Psychoactive Drugs
9773302
Applying Health Skills Accessing Information Choose one of the drugs you learned about in this lessonResearch to evaluate its medical uses (if any) possible effects and damage tobody systems Organize your findings in achart similar to Figure 234 Share thechart with your class
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary1 Examine and identify the body systems most
affected by psychoactive and designer drugs
2 Examine and explain the harmful effects ofstimulants and hallucinogens on the centralnervous system
3 What are the health risks of narcotic abuse
Thinking Critically4 Synthesizing Analyze the importance of alternatives
to drug and substance use Develop and explainyour strategy for preventing the use of addictivesubstances and for avoiding psychoactive drugs
5 Analyzing Explain the role psychoactive drugs andother substances play in unsafe situations such asHIV STDs unplanned pregnancies and motorvehicle accidents
I N T E R N E T R E S O U R C E S You may want to use the Internet for your research Be sure to usereliable sources when accessing information on the WebSee healthglencoecom for Internet resources
610 Chapter 23 Medicines and Drugs
Ecstasy and Other Dangerous Drugs
D are synthetic substances meant to imitate the effects of hallucinogens and other dangerous drugs Designer drugs
vary greatly in potency and strength and can be several hundredtimes stronger than the drugs they are meant to imitate One of themost recognized designer drugs is ecstasy or MDMA A combinationstimulant and hallucinogen ecstasy may give a short-term feelingof euphoria but often causes confusion depression paranoia psy-chosis and even long-term damage to brain cells Overdoses arecommon Use can also result in uncontrollable tremors paralysisand irreversible brain damage
Consequences of Drug UseIllegal drugs and other substances play a role in unsafe situa-
tions and negative consequences including health problemsaddiction and difficulties in school Furthermore drug use oftenleads to poor judgment which may put teens at risk for uninten-tional injuries motor vehicle accidents violence STDs unplannedpregnancies and suicide The best way to avoid these consequencesis to refuse to use drugs and to avoid places where they are used Ifyou find yourself in a situation where drugs are present leaveChoosing a drug-free life is one of the most important decisionsyou can make to protect your health
esigner drugs
The use of ecstasy amongteens appears to be increas-ing probably because teensare being led to think that nosignificant risks are involvedin the use of this drug How-ever ecstasy is extremelydangerous Over 4500 visitsto emergency rooms forecstasy-related incidentswere reported in one year
Ecstasy can causedramatic increases in bodytemperature and may lead tomuscle breakdown kidneyfailure and cardiovascularsystem damage
healthglencoecom
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VOCABULARYdrug-free school zonesdrug watches
Living Drug FreeYOUrsquoLL LEARN TObull Analyze and develop strategies for preventing use of drugs and
other addictive substances
bull Examine school and community efforts to curb drug use
bull Identify and assess health-related services in the commu- nity that relate to disease prevention particularly drug addiction and abuse
bull Analyze the importance of alternatives to drug and substance use
ublic opinion polls and national surveys clearly show that Pmost Americansmdashchildren teens and adultsmdashhave taken astand against illegal drugs By working together you and your fam-ily peers and community can stop the effects of drug abuse Yourattitudes and decisions about drugs and how you live your life makea statement to others By deciding not to use drugs you promoteyour own health and influence others to do the same
Resisting Pressure to Use Drugseer pressure can be intense during the teen yearsP particularly in settings where using alcohol
and other drugs may seem the norm You maybe told that ldquoeverybodyrsquos doing itrdquo but thefact is that illegal drugs never become a partof most teensrsquo lives In this country almost 58percent of high school students have nevertried marijuana and more than 90 percenthave never tried cocaine So the claim thatldquoeverybodyrsquos doing itrdquo is simply not true
Make a word web with statements you can use to refuse drugs Writeand circle the words ldquoRefusal Skillsrdquo in the middle of a sheet of paper Then write refusalstatements around the paper and connect these to the circle with lines
Let others know yourreasons for living drugfree What can you do to share your opinion with others
611Lesson 5 Living Drug Free
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7110332
Choose friends who share your commitment to stayingdrug free
Maintain your self-respect and be confident about your abilities
Take pride in youraccomplishments
Use physical activity andrelaxation techniques tohandle stress
Stay involved in healthyactivities and interests
Be aware of your surroundingsknow what you are drinkingand cover drinks at partiesNever ride with people whoare using drugs
Stay away from parties andplaces where drugs arepresent
Be firm in saying that yoursquorenot interested
Keep it simple Say ldquoNothanksrdquo or ldquoI donrsquot need drugsrdquo
If the pressure continueswalk away
If yoursquore offered a drug
Strategies forAvoiding the Dangersof Substance Abuse
Protect yourself against risks
Commitment to Be Drug FreeThe first step in staying drug free is to make a firm and deliberate
decision The only way to avoid the pitfalls and dangers of substanceabuse is to be fully committed to refusing them before drugs areoffered In many cases it also means steering clear of people who usedrugs and of places where drugs are likely to be used or offeredProtective factors present in a teenrsquos life can provide the supportneeded to live a drug-free life
Making the commitment to abstain from drugs is a life-enhancingdecision It does not mean that you will be deprived of friends orfun Quite the opposite is truemdashbeing drug free means being ableto enjoy life and deal with its challenges and problems in healthfulways It also shows the strength of your values and demonstratesgood character and respect for yourself and others
REFUSAL SKILLS
To honor your commitment to living drug free you can practicerefusal skills These are techniques that you can use to say no whenothers pressure you to use drugs Consider all the harmful effects ofdrug use and all the benefits of a drug-free lifestyle Doing so willhelp you stand up for what you believe without apologizing for orcompromising your convictions
Strategies for Preventing Use of Drugsndividuals are only part of the key to curbing substance abuseI Schools and communities are working together on strategies for
preventing use of drugs and other addictive substances
School EffortsAll over the United States have been
established These are areas within 1000 feet of schools and desig-nated by signs within which people caught selling drugs receive espe-cially severe penalties Efforts in and around schools to cut down ondrug use include drug education classes zero-tolerance policiesand expulsion of students found using drugs In some areas policeofficers are assigned to patrol campuses Security guards and lockersearches also help protect teens from the dangers of drug abuse
Community EffortsCommunities across the nation are taking positive action to stop
drug abuse are organized community efforts byneighborhood residents to patrol monitor report and otherwise try tostop drug deals and drug abuse Becoming involved in antidrug pro-grams in your community is a good way to protect your family andfriends from the dangers and violence associated with drug abuse
Drug watches
drug-free school zones
612 Chapter 23 Medicines and Drugs
13367365
Spending time with aparent or trusted adultcan reinforce a teenrsquosdecision to live drug free
The Importance of Alternatives to Drug and Substance Use
There are healthier ways to cope with day-to-day problems thanturning to drugs You can find many ways to feel good about your-self without depending on harmful substances Getting involved inschool or community activities and choosing friends who value adrug-free lifestyle can give teens the focus they need to followthrough on a commitment toward a more healthful life
Becoming Drug Freeor those teens already in trouble with drugs it is never too F late to get help Admitting that there is a problem is the first
step and getting help is the essential next step in overcoming thatproblem Teens may turn to individual counseling support groupsor drug treatment centers for help Support from parentsguardians school counselors or family doctors can guide teens toget help Figure 235 lists some warning signs of drug abuse If youknow someone who shows these signs encourage him or her toseek help The following steps can guide you in offering help to afriend or family member who is using alcohol or other drugs
Identify specific sources of help in your communitymdashdrugcounselors treatment centers and support groups
Talk to the person when he or she is sober Express youraffection and concern for the person and describe his or herbehavior without being judgmental
Listen to the personrsquos response Be prepared for anger and denial
Discuss the sources of help you have found Offer to go withyour friend or family member to a counselor or support group
WARNING SIGNS OF DRUG USEBe alert to these signs that a person may have a drug problem
bull Gets drunk or high regularly is often hung overbull Lies about the drugs he or she is using
constantly talks about drugsbull Stops participating in activities that once were
an important part of his or her lifebull Changes eating or sleeping habits shows rapid
weight lossbull Takes unnecessary risks participates in
unsafe behaviors
bull Gets in trouble with authorities such as schooladministrators and police
bull Seems withdrawn depressed tired and caresless about personal grooming and appearance
bull Has red-rimmed eyes and runny nose not relatedto cold or allergies
bull Has ldquoblackoutsrdquo and forgets what he or she didwhile under the influence
bull Has difficulty concentrating
Lesson 5 Living Drug Free 613
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1012998
Drug Testing Yes or NoIt is estimated that substance abuse costs employers $60 billion a year in decreased productivity
absenteeism and unintentional injuries In the interest of health safety and economics manycompanies are testing employees for illicit drug use This has triggered a debate over whether people should be tested who should do the testing and whether the results are reliable
Viewpoint 1 Walker J age 16Drug testing protects all of us I wouldnrsquot want a firefighter or police officer who used drugsshowing up if there were an emergency Itrsquos not just emergency personnel either I wouldnrsquot want a drug user as my mechanic lawyer doctor or anything else Everyonersquos job affects others
Viewpoint 2 Mackenzie P age 17I think drug testing should be restricted to people who are in jobs where public safety isinvolvedmdashsuch as pilots or bus driversmdashor to cases where there is reason to suspect substanceabuse such as after a workplace accident
1 Who if anyone do you think should be tested for drugs in the workplace Why In what situations
2 When people test positive for drugs what should be done about it Why
ACTIVITYACTIVITY
A C T I V I T I E S
Getting Helprug abuse is a treatable condition Support groups counseling D services and treatment centers are available in most commu-
nities For teens the first step in getting help is talking to a parentteacher school counselor health care provider or another trustedadult If an adult is unable to recommend a treatment option teenscan call a toll-free hotline or a drug treatment center
Treatment CentersFor the most serious addictions drug users attend treatment cen-
ters facilities that provide medical supervision while a person goesthrough withdrawal and detoxification or the removal of drugsfrom the userrsquos body Many of these centers provide medications tohelp with the physical and psychological effects of withdrawal
Chapter 23 Medicines and Drugs614
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8322942
Applying Health SkillsRefusal Skills Analyze and developstrategies for preventing the use of drugsPrepare an insert on drug-refusal strategiesfor your school newspaper Explain the dangersof drug abuse and include examples ofappropriate and effective refusal skills toavoid unsafe situations
Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary1 Identify some strategies that schools and
communities have taken to decrease theavailability of drugs
2 List five signs of substance abuse
3 How do support groups help substance abusers
Thinking Critically4 Analyzing Analyze the importance of healthy
alternatives to drug and substance use
5 Synthesizing Develop a list of strategies for preventing use of addictive substances in your school Write these in a formal listand submit your ideas to the school principal or school board
W O R D P R O C E S S I N G Using a word-processingprogram can help give your work a personalized look Seehealthglencoecom for tips on word processing
Lesson 5 Living Drug Free 615
Types of drug treatment centers include these
Outpatient Drug-Free Treatment Theseprograms usually do not include medications andoften consist of individual or group counseling
Short-Term Treatment These centers can includeresidential medication and outpatient therapies
Maintenance Therapy Intended for heroin addictsthis treatment usually includes medication therapy
Therapeutic Communities These are residencesfor people with a long history of drug abuse Thecenters include highly structured programs thatusually last from 6 to 12 months
For people who have less serious addictions or for those who arereleased from a treatment center drug counseling is usually recom-mended In either a private or a group setting drug counselors helppeople adjust to life without drugs In conjunction with counselingmany recovering drug users attend support groups These meetingsare gatherings of people who share a common problem and whowork together to help one another cope and recover Support groupsare confidential and are usually free Support groups are a popularstrategy for treating addiction because they provide the long-termmoral support that the recovering user needs to remain drug free
Drug counseling andtreatment can help a druguser break the cycle ofaddiction Identify health-related services in thecommunity that relate to the prevention andtreatment of addiction
healthglencoecom
10085018
H E A L T H
And Then Destroying Them4 Building the Bombs After they encounter antigens in the bloodsome B cells retreat to the lymph nodes wherethey become plasma cells and churn out anti-bodies that can bind to the antigens
5 Going in for the Kill Killer T cells must recognize antigens Thenthey mature quickly to perform their secondfunctionmdashdestroying pathogens Killer T cellsattach to a pathogen and douse it with a lethaltoxin Then they detach and go off to kill againleaving the infected cell to die
6 Bringing in the Big Guns Natural killer cells are unspecialized fightersThey flood infected cells with toxins anddestructive enzymes but donrsquot need to have
the antigens exposed by APCs
Searching for the Bad Bugshellip1 Spotting the Enemy Formed in bone marrow B lymphocytes are theonly immune cells that can make antibodiesmdashthe first line of immune defense Antibodiesare proteins that detect and bind themselvesto pathogens in the blood to neutralize them
2 Exposing the Bad Guys Often pathogens camouflage themselvesagainst detection by antibodies with proteinscalled antigens Antigen-presenting cells(APCs) chop up the proteins This exposes thepathogens to destruction
3 Sounding the Alarm Helper T cells recognize and bind to bugsexposed by APCs Once activated helper Tssecrete hormones called cytokines These sig-nal the immune system to send moremacrophages B cells and T cells to destroythe invaders as well as more white blood cellscontaining enzymes that digest antigens
VaccineThe Battle WithinTo create better vaccinesscientists must study theimmune systemrsquos complexnetwork of cellular guards
To create better vaccinesscientists must study theimmune systemrsquos complexnetwork of cellular guards
About Vaccines
Every year nearly 2 million children worldwide diefrom diseases that vaccination could have preventedUse the Internet or your schoolrsquos media center tolearn what diseases cause the most deaths amongunvaccinated children Why are these children notbeing vaccinated Report your findings to the class
Pathogenis exposed
2 Antigen-presentingcell uncoverspathogens
3 HelperT cellsoundsalarm
1 B lymphocytesseek specificpathogens
Identifiestargetpathogen
4 B lymphocyteplasma cell releases antibodydesignedto kill specificpathogen
5 Killer T cellbinds and destroysits target pathogen 6 Natural killer cell
kills any invadingbug in its path
Pathogen
Pathogenis exposed
616 Chapter 23 Medicines and Drugs
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10399811
617Chapter 23 Review
Medical Records TechnicianDo you enjoy managing information Do you have strong organizational
skills and an eye for detail If you can keep track of a variety of importantdata consider a career as a medical records technician These professionalsmaintain medical records of patients in hospitals clinics and doctorsrsquooffices They track prescription medicines and other health information toensure that the right treatments and medications are given to patients
Medical records technicians are required to have an Associatersquos degree ininformation management from a community college or vocationaltechnicalschool Find out more about this and other health careers by clicking onCareer Corner at healthglencoecom
1 Accessing Information Research and analyze laws regulating the informationthat is required to be on all over-the-counter (OTC) medicine labels Why doesthe FDA require this information to appear (LESSON 1)
2 Communication Skills Write a skit in which a teen expresses concern for afriendrsquos drug problem The teen should use effective communication skills todiscuss the dangers of drug use and to encourage the friend to seek help(LESSON 2)
3 Refusal Skills Imagine that you are at a party and someone you knowsuddenly offers you marijuana Analyze and explain the refusal strategies you could apply (LESSON 3)
4 Stress Management Derek who has been under a lot of stress confides in you that he wants to take depressants to relax What would you say topersuade him not to do so What healthy alternatives for managing stresswould you recommend (LESSON 4)
5 Goal Setting Make a goal to live drug free Use the goal-setting steps todevelop an action plan for honoring your commitment (LESSON 5)
healthglencoecom
HS_HEALTH_U07_C23_CR 12803 520 PM Page 617
8193855
Use the notes you have taken in your Foldable to review what you have learned On theback of your Foldable write a descriptive paragraph about the effects medicines haveon the human body
After You Read
Chapter 23 Review
618 Chapter 23 Review
1 Analyze and describe two types of medicines thatfight diseases
2 What is the difference between an additiveinteraction and an antagonistic interaction
3 Compare and contrast OTC and prescriptionmedicines
4 Why are illegal drugs dangerous to the user5 List three legal consequences of drug use for teens
RECALLING THE FACTS Use completesentences to answer the following questions
EXPLORING HEALTH TERMS Answer thefollowing questions on a sheet of paper
Fill in the blanks with the correct term
substance abuse illegal drugsillicit drug use overdosepsychological dependence addictionphysiological dependence
When a person uses (_5_) he or she is committing thecrime of (_6_) In addition to legal problems using drugscarries the risk of (_7_) which can be fatal (_8_) acondition in which the body develops a chemical needfor a drug is another health risk of drug use
Match each definition with the correct term
euphoria designer drugsstimulants narcoticshallucinogens psychoactive drugsdepressants
12 Pain-relieving drugs legally obtainable only by prescription
13 Drugs that alter moods thoughts and senseperceptions including vision hearing smelland touch
14 Synthetic substances made to imitate the effectsof hallucinogens and other dangerous drugs
Match each definition with the correct term
anabolic-androgenic steroids paranoiamarijuana inhalants
9 An irrational suspicion or distrust of others10 Substances whose fumes are sniffed to give a
mind-altering effect11 Synthetic substances that are similar to male
sex hormones
Match each definition with the correct term
analgesics antagonistic interaction additive interaction vaccinesside effects synergistic effect drugs medicines
1 Drugs that are used to treat or prevent disease orother conditions
2 Pain relievers3 Reactions to medicine other than the one intended4 An interaction of two or more medicines that
results in a greater effect than when each medicineis taken separately
Identify each statement as True orFalse If false replace the underlined
term with the correct term
drug-free school zones drug watches15 Drug-free school zones areis organized community
efforts by neighborhood residents to patrol monitorreport and try to stop drug deals and drug abuse
16 Drug watches areis a designated area surroundingschools within which people caught selling drugsreceive especially severe penalties
15666158
Test PracticeTest Practice
Read the paragraph below lookat the table and then answer thequestions
Nonmedical use of the type of steroid known asan anabolic steroid is abuse of the substance Thetable shows the abuse of anabolic steroids in astudy that involved more than 45000 students fromboth public and private schools
1 If 14000 of the students were seniors how manyof them have not used anabolic steroids in the pastmonth
13888 13501238 11120
2 If 16000 of the students were eighth graders howmany of them have not ever used anabolic steroids
15520 1035213272 480
3 Look at the table entries for eighth and twelfth gra-ders ldquoUsed in past yearrdquo shows the same percent forboth grades but a higher percentage of eighth gradershave at some time used anabolic steroids What doesthis data show about recent increase in usage byeighth graders compared to usage by twelfth graders
Grade 8th 10th 12th
Ever used 30 35 25
Used in past year 17 22 17
Used in past month 08 10 08
619Chapter 23 Review
Chapter 23 Review
6 Analyze and explain the harmful effects of drugs on a fetus
7 Marijuana raises the level of dopamine in thebrain What effect does this have on the body
8 Examine and describe the physical consequencesof inhalant use
9 What can happen if an athlete uses steroids10 How does a stimulant affect the central nervous
system11 What are the symptoms of a hallucinogen overdose12 List five harmful effects of club drugs13 List and analyze three strategies you can apply
for avoiding drugs14 How are communities helping in the effort to
promote health by stopping drug use15 List three types of centers in which drug users
can be treated
THINKING CRITICALLY1 Evaluating The FDA regulates what manufacturers
can say in advertisements for both prescription andOTC medicines Do you think that such regulation isnecessary Support your answer
2 Analyzing What is the relationship between druguse and harmful situations such as violent crimesHIV and STDs unplanned pregnancies and motorvehicle collisions
3 Evaluating Marijuana use lowers the level oftestosterone in males How might this fact affect a teen malersquos development
4 Synthesizing In what ways are stimulants anddepressants different In what ways are they similar
5 Summarizing The commitment to be drug free canhelp in achieving personal goals Make a list of yourpersonal goals Analyze the importance of alterna-tives to drug use to help you reach your goals
HS_HEALTH_U07_C23_CR 13004 202 PM Page 619
TAKS
16429782
- Glencoe Health ndash Texas Edition
-
- Contents
-
- Glencoe Handbook of Texas Health
-
- Brownsville Valley Treasures
- Health Science Center at San Antonio
- Cinco de Mayo
- Oktoberfest Texas-Style
- The Edwards Aquifer
- LBJ State Park
- Texans Choose Health Careers
- Explore the McGovern Museum
- The Cooper Institute
- Keeping Your Bones Healthy
- Texas Horned Lizard
- MASH Creator
- The Debakey Heart Center
- Julian Onderdonk
-
- Unit 1 A Healthy Foundation
-
- Chapter 1 Living a Healthy Life
-
- Lesson 1 Your Health and Wellness
- Lesson 2 Promoting a Healthy Lifestyle
- Lesson 3 Your Behavior and Reducing Health Risks
- Chapter 1 Review Activities
- Chapter 1 Review
-
- Chapter 2 Building Health Skills and Character
-
- Lesson 1 Building Health Skills
- Lesson 2 Making Responsible Decisions and Setting Goals
- Lesson 3 Building Character
- Chapter 2 Review Activities
- Chapter 2 Review
-
- Chapter 3 Being a Health-Literate Consumer
-
- Lesson 1 Making Consumer Choices
- Lesson 2 Choosing Community Health Services
- Lesson 3 Managing Consumer Problems
- Lesson 4 Understanding Public Health Services
- Chapter 3 Review Activities
- Chapter 3 Review
-
- Unit 2 Physical Activity and Nutrition
-
- Chapter 4 Physical Activity for Life
-
- Lesson 1 Physical Activity and Your Health
- Lesson 2 Fitness and You
- Lesson 3 Planning a Personal Activity Program
- Lesson 4 Training and Safety for Physical Activities
- Lesson 5 Physical Activity Injuries
- Chapter 4 Review Activities
- Chapter 4 Review
-
- Chapter 5 Nutrition and Your Health
-
- Lesson 1 Nutrition During the Teen Years
- Lesson 2 Nutrients
- Lesson 3 Guidelines for Healthful Eating
- Lesson 4 Food and Healthy Living
- Chapter 5 Review Activities
- Chapter 5 Review
-
- Chapter 6 Managing Weight and Body Composition
-
- Lesson 1 Maintaining a Healthy Weight
- Lesson 2 Fad Diets and Eating Disorders
- Lesson 3 Nutrition for Individual Needs
- Chapter 6 Review Activities
- Chapter 6 Review
-
- Unit 3 Mental and Emotional Health
-
- Chapter 7 Achieving Good Mental Health
-
- Lesson 1 Your Mental and Emotional Health
- Lesson 2 Developing a Positive Identity
- Lesson 3 Understanding Emotions
- Lesson 4 Managing Emotions
- Chapter 7 Review Activities
- Chapter 7 Review
-
- Chapter 8 Managing Stress and Anxiety
-
- Lesson 1 Effects of Stress
- Lesson 2 Managing Stress
- Lesson 3 Anxiety and Teen Depression
- Lesson 4 Being a Resilient Teen
- Chapter 8 Review Activities
- Chapter 8 Review
-
- Chapter 9 Mental and Emotional Problems
-
- Lesson 1 Mental Disorders
- Lesson 2 Suicide Prevention
- Lesson 3 Getting Help
- Lesson 4 Understanding Death and Grief
- Chapter 9 Review Activities
- Chapter 9 Review
-
- Unit 4 Promoting Safe and Healthy Relationships
-
- Chapter 10 Skills for Healthy Relationships
-
- Lesson 1 Foundations of Healthy Relationships
- Lesson 2 Communicating Effectively
- Lesson 3 Resolving Conflict
- Chapter 10 Review Activities
- Chapter 10 Review
-
- Chapter 11 Family Relationships
-
- Lesson 1 The Role of the Family
- Lesson 2 Change and the Family
- Lesson 3 Dealing with Family Crises
- Lesson 4 Community Support Systems
- Chapter 11 Review Activities
- Chapter 11 Review
-
- Chapter 12 Peer Relationships
-
- Lesson 1 Safe and Healthy Friendships
- Lesson 2 Peer Pressure and Refusal Skills
- Lesson 3 Dating and Setting Limits
- Lesson 4 Abstinence A Responsible Decision
- Chapter 12 Review Activities
- Chapter 12 Review
-
- Chapter 13 Violence Prevention
-
- Lesson 1 Personal Safety
- Lesson 2 Keeping Schools Safe
- Lesson 3 Protecting Yourself from Violence
- Lesson 4 Preventing and Overcoming Abuse
- Chapter 13 Review Activities
- Chapter 13 Review
-
- Unit 5 Personal Care and Body Systems
-
- Chapter 14 Personal Care and Healthy Behaviors
-
- Lesson 1 Healthy Skin Hair and Nails
- Lesson 2 Care of Teeth and Mouth
- Lesson 3 Eye Care
- Lesson 4 Ears and Hearing Protection
- Chapter 14 Review Activities
- Chapter 14 Review
-
- Chapter 15 Skeletal Muscular and Nervous Systems
-
- Lesson 1 The Skeletal System
- Lesson 2 Care and Problems of the Skeletal System
- Lesson 3 The Muscular System
- Lesson 4 The Nervous System
- Lesson 5 Care and Problems of the Nervous System
- Chapter 15 Review Activities
- Chapter 15 Review
-
- Chapter 16 Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems
-
- Lesson 1 The Cardiovascular System
- Lesson 2 Care and Problems of the Cardiovascular System
- Lesson 3 The Respiratory System
- Lesson 4 Care and Problems of the Respiratory System
- Chapter 16 Review Activities
- Chapter 16 Review
-
- Chapter 17 Digestive and Urinary Systems
-
- Lesson 1 The Digestive System
- Lesson 2 Care and Problems of the Digestive System
- Lesson 3 The Urinary System
- Chapter 17 Review Activities
- Chapter 17 Review
-
- Chapter 18 Endocrine and Reproductive Systems
-
- Lesson 1 The Endocrine System
- Lesson 2 The Male Reproductive System
- Lesson 3 The Female Reproductive System
- Chapter 18 Review Activities
- Chapter 18 Review
-
- Unit 6 Growth and Development
-
- Chapter 19 Prenatal Development and Birth
-
- Lesson 1 The Beginning of the Life Cycle
- Lesson 2 Prenatal Care
- Lesson 3 Heredity and Genetics
- Lesson 4 Infancy and Childhood
- Chapter 19 Review Activities
- Chapter 19 Review
-
- Chapter 20 Adolescence and the Life Cycle
-
- Lesson 1 AdolescencemdashUnderstanding Growth and Change
- Lesson 2 Moving Toward Adulthood
- Lesson 3 Marriage and Parenting
- Lesson 4 Health Through the Life Span
- Chapter 20 Review Activities
- Chapter 20 Review
-
- Unit 7 Tobacco Alcohol and Other Drugs
-
- Chapter 21 Tobacco
-
- Lesson 1 The Effects of Tobacco Use
- Lesson 2 Choosing to Live Tobacco Free
- Lesson 3 Promoting a Smoke-Free Environment
- Chapter 21 Review Activities
- Chapter 21 Review
-
- Chapter 22 Alcohol
-
- Lesson 1 Choosing to Be Alcohol Free
- Lesson 2 Harmful Effects of Alcohol Use
- Lesson 3 Alcohol the Individual and Society
- Chapter 22 Review Activities
- Chapter 22 Review
-
- Chapter 23 Medicines and Drugs
-
- Lesson 1 The Role of Medicines
- Lesson 2 Drug UsemdashA High-Risk Behavior
- Lesson 3 Marijuana Inhalants and Steroids
- Lesson 4 Psychoactive Drugs
- Lesson 5 Living Drug Free
- Chapter 23 Review Activities
- Chapter 23 Review
-
- Unit 8 Diseases and Disorders
-
- Chapter 24 Communicable Diseases
-
- Lesson 1 What Are Communicable Diseases
- Lesson 2 Preventing Communicable Diseases
- Lesson 3 Common Communicable Disease
- Chapter 24 Review Activities
- Chapter 24 Review
-
- Chapter 25 Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIVAIDS
-
- Lesson 1 The Risks of STIs
- Lesson 2 Common STIs
- Lesson 3 HIV and AIDS
- Lesson 4 Treatment for HIV and AIDS
- Chapter 25 Review Activities
- Chapter 25 Review
-
- Chapter 26 Noncommunicable Diseases and Disabilities
-
- Lesson 1 Cardiovascular Diseases
- Lesson 2 Cancer
- Lesson 3 Allergies Asthma Diabetes and Arthritis
- Lesson 4 Physical and Mental Challenges
- Chapter 26 Review Activities
- Chapter 26 Review
-
- Unit 9 Injury Prevention and Environmental Health
-
- Chapter 27 Injury Prevention and Safe Behaviors
-
- Lesson 1 Safety at Home and at Work
- Lesson 2 Recreation and Water Safety
- Lesson 3 Safety on the Road
- Lesson 4 Weather Emergencies and Natural Disasters
- Chapter 27 Review Activities
- Chapter 27 Review
-
- Chapter 28 First Aid and Emergencies
-
- Lesson 1 Providing First Aid
- Lesson 2 CPR and First Aid for Shock and Choking
- Lesson 3 Responding to Common Emergencies
- Lesson 4 Treatment for Poisonings
- Chapter 28 Review Activities
- Chapter 28 Review
-
- Chapter 29 Environmental Health
-
- Lesson 1 Air Quality
- Lesson 2 Protecting Land and Water
- Lesson 3 Advocating for a Healthy Environment
- Chapter 29 Review Activities
- Chapter 29 Review
-
- Appendix
-
- A Health Skills and the National Health Education Standards
- B Healthy People 2010
- C 40 Developmental Assets
- D Physical Activity and Fitness Guidelines
-
- Glossary
- Glosario
- Index
- Credits
-
- Features
-
- Health Skills Activity
- Hands-On Health Activity
- Real-Life Application
- Exploring Issues
-
- Student Worksheets
-
- Concept Mapping Activities
-
- Chapter 1 Living a Healthy Life
-
- Activity 1 Lifestyle Factors
- Activity 2 The Health Triangle
- Activity 3 Abstinence
-
- Chapter 2 Building Health Skills and Character
-
- Activity 4 Health Skills
- Activity 5 Setting Goals
- Activity 6 Traits of Good Character
-
- Chapter 3 Being a Health-Literate Consumer
-
- Activity 7 Influences on Health Decisions
- Activity 8 Health Care Professionals
- Activity 9 Help for Consumer Problems
- Activity 10 Public Health Services