HEALING - TRAUMA & HUMILIATION Hélène Lewis MSc (Clin. Psych)
Healing Trauma in International Settings
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Transcript of Healing Trauma in International Settings
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Healing Trauma in International Settings
Best Practices
Philip G. Monroe, PsyDCarol King, M.Ed
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Listen…don’t assume you know Train…don’t do it yourself Utilize…don’t reinvent the wheel
A desire to serve does not mean you should go. A call does not substitute for a plan.
Successful Int’l Trauma Work?
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When humanitarian aid hurts…◦ Linda Polman, The Humanitarian Crisis
Ever hear of the burned over district?
Counselors: DO NO HARM
When is helping hurtful?
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Don’t assume you already know all you need to know◦ about trauma and recovery
Instead: listen and learn before you act◦ Listening has a historical context◦ Listening has a cultural context◦ Listening has a political context◦ Listening has a religious context
I. Listen…don’t assume
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How do you define trauma healing? Recovery?
What does trauma recovery look like in settings that downplay public displays of emotion?
Key Question!
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Material deprivation War-like conditions
Bodily injury (or threat of) Forced confinement/coercion
Forced to harm others Disappearance/death of loved ones
Witnessing violence to others Head injury
What kinds of trauma?
Dimensions of trauma on the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ)
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To train others you need a plan Find local trustworthy leaders Learn from them re: trauma in cultural context Connect with existing power/helping base
◦ Design intervention/training strategies Trauma education; narrative approach Grounding/stabilization Reconnection to community
◦ Continuous consultation and troubleshooting
II. Train others…don’t do it yourself
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Before you go!◦ Learn the history of trauma (and US involvement)◦ Discover NGOs already there, make connections◦ Look for potential resources/barriers to work
Go/Connect◦ First listening trip to solidify prior case map◦ Build objective 1, 2, 5 year realistic goals◦ Discover alliances/silos
Build◦ Bibliographies, a lexicon of trauma, initial to
intermediate interventions/trainings
Build your country case map
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Watson, P. J., Brymer, M. J., & Bonanno, G. A. (2011). Postdisaster psychological intervention since 9/11. American Psychologist, 66(6), 482-494. (p. 485)
If nothing else….Follow This Plan:
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Don’t create new models...utilize existing indigenous models and modify where needed
III. Learn from existing models
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Created by Rhiannon Lloyd & Joseph Nyamutera (1994)
http://www.lerucher.org/Content/Reconciliation/Resources.html
Benefits:◦ Spiritual base, Cross centered◦ Focus on sharing stories◦ Rwandans trained to lead them◦ Supports mixed ethnicity attendees◦ Participant accounts of healing
Model: Healing Wounds of Ethnic Conflict (HWEC)
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Drawbacks◦ Some theology presented can be questioned
Discussion re: understanding God's will (pgs. 23-24)◦ Not trauma focused (symptoms?)◦ Possible to overemphasize reconciliation?◦ Lack of follow-up
HWEC, Con’t
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Quaker founded peace initiative for Great Lakes Region of Africa
Benefits◦ Indigenous◦ Seeks community support and involvement◦ Detailed manual ◦ Attention to group process and building safety
Beginnings, closings, starters, energizers, evaluations◦ Teaches listening skills◦ Emphasis on faith and prayer◦ Multi-ethnic participation◦ Evaluation of program – Burundi 2007
Model: Healing & Rebuilding Our Communities (HROC)
http://aglifpt.org/Program/hroc.htm
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Drawbacks◦ Educational focus but…
limited information on managing symptoms◦ Trained facilitators◦ Follow-up◦ Referrals for those unable to attend or continue
HROC, Con’t
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Model: Healing Wounds of Trauma Authors: Hill, Hill, Bagge, Miersma (2004)
◦ http://www.scripture-engagement.org/node/17
Benefits◦ Short chapters, simple terminology◦ Discussion oriented◦ Translated into dozens of languages◦ Field-tested in multiple countries◦ Scripture based concepts◦ Addresses topics: grief to reconciliation
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Drawbacks◦ Starts with “Why do we Suffer” theological
question Better? What does God think about injustice?
◦ Small book, could rush to “reconciliation”◦ Light on trauma symptom education◦ Not informed by latest psychological literature
HWT, Con’t
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Prolonged Exposure◦ Foa, Prolonged Exposure Therapy for PTSD, 2007
Cognitive Processing◦ Resick et al, Cognitive Processing Therapy for
Rape Victims, 1993 EMDR
◦ Francine Shapiro CISM/CISD Narrative Exposure Therapy
◦ Frank Neuner, Maggie Schauer, Thomas Elbert
What about Psychological models?
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Be wary of quick fixes Differentiate: psychological first aid v.
recovery efforts Follow-up; Support trainees Do work in community Self-care! Contextualize
Final Thoughts
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◦ Richard Mollica, Healing Invisible Wounds; Global Mental Health: Trauma & Recovery
◦ Jennifer Dawson, African Conceptualizations of PTSD and the Impact of Introducing Western Concepts (web article)
◦ B. Mesquita, Emotions in Collectivist and Individualist Contexts. Jnl of Personality & Social Psychology (2001)
◦ www.headington-institute.org ◦ www.traumacenter.org
Resources You Should Know