Healing of Wounds and Burns & the Aging of Skin Chapter 6 Sections 5 & 6Chapter 6 Sections 5 & 6.
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Transcript of Healing of Wounds and Burns & the Aging of Skin Chapter 6 Sections 5 & 6Chapter 6 Sections 5 & 6.
![Page 1: Healing of Wounds and Burns & the Aging of Skin Chapter 6 Sections 5 & 6Chapter 6 Sections 5 & 6.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bfa81a28abf838c9975c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Healing of Wounds and Burns & the Aging of SkinChapter 6 Sections 5 & 6
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Objectives• Describe wound healing
• Distinguish among the types of burns, including a description of healing with each type
• Summarize life-span changes in the integumentary system
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The Healing Process• Inflammation is a normal response to injury or stress
• Blood vessels in affected tissues dilate and become more permeable, allowing fluids to leak into damaged tissues
• Inflamed skin may become reddened, swollen, warm and painful to touch
• However, the dilate vessels provide more nutrients and oxygen to the injured site, which aids in healing
• The specific events of the healing process depend on the nature and extent of the injury
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Shallow Cuts• If a cut in the skin is shallow, epithelial cells along its margin
are stimulated to divide more rapidly than usual
• The newly formed cells fill the gap
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4 Stages of Healing for Deep Wounds• Hemostasis
• Inflammation
• Proliferation
• Remodeling
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Deeper Cuts• If the cut extends into the dermis or subcutaneous fat layer, blood
vessels break and the released blood forms a clot in the wound (hemostasis)
• A clot consists of mainly the fibrous protein fibrin, blood cells and platelets trapped in the protein fibers
• Tissue fluids seep into the area and dry
• The blood clot and the dried tissue fluids form a scab that covers and protects the underlying tissues
• Epithelial cells proliferate beneath the scab, bridging the wound
• Fibroblasts migrate into the injured area and secrete collagenous fibers to the bind the edges of the wound (proliferation)
• Cells are stimulated to divide and regenerate the damaged tissue (remodeling)
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Healing Continued• Blood vessels extend beneath the scab
• Macrophages remove dead cells and other debris
• Eventually all the damaged tissue is replaced and the scab falls off
• If the wound is deep, extensive production of collagenous fibers may form an elevation above the normal epidermal surface, called a scar
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Burns• Three types of burns:
• 1st degree
• 2nd degree
• 3rd degree
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1st Degree Burns• Also known as superficial partial-thickness burns
• Occur when the epidermis only is injured
• Skin becomes dry, warm and reddened (erythema)
• Mild edema may occur
• Surface layer of the skin may peel off a few days later
• Healing takes a few days to weeks but no scaring occurs
• Examples: minor sunburn
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2nd Degree Burns• Also known as deep partial-thickness burns
• Occur when some of the epidermis and some of the underlying dermis is destroyed
• Fluid escapes from the damaged dermal capillaries, forming blisters
• The injured area becomes moist and firm
• It can vary in color from dark red to waxy white
• Examples: exposure to hot objects, hot liquids, flames or burning clothing
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2nd Degree Burn Healing• Healing depends on the stem cells that
are associated with accessory structures of the skin
• Hair follicles, sweat glands and sebaceous glands survive this injury because they extend into the dermis
• During healing, the stem cells divide and their daughter cells grow out onto the surface of the dermis, spread over it, and differentiate as new epidermis
• Scar tissue doesn’t develop unless infection occurs
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3rd Degree Burns• Also known as full-thickness burns
• Occur when epidermis, dermis and the accessory structures of the skin are destroyed
• The injured skin becomes dry and leathery
• It can vary in color from red to black to white
• Examples: immersion in hot liquids or prolonged exposure to hot objects, flames, or corrosive chemicals
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Burn Treatments• 1st degree• Soak in cool water for a few minutes• Apply antibiotic cream• Take ibuprofen or acetaminophen
• 2nd degree• Soak in cool water for several minutes• Apply antibiotic cream• Cover with non-stick bandage and change daily• Take ibuprofen or acetaminophen
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Burn Treatments• 3rd degree• Seek medical attention in an emergency room• Try to elevate burn above the heart• Once in the ER the following steps may be taken:• Securing your airway • Sedation • Removing necrotic skin• Blood transfusions• IV fluids• IV antibiotics• Surgery • Skin grafts
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How Skin Ages• Aging skin affects appearance, temperature regulation, and vitamin D
formation
• Aging effects to the skin:
• Epidermis thins and appears scaly
• Age spots or liver spots appear, which are patches of pigment formed from the oxidation of fats and the production of oxygen free radicals
• Dermis is reduced as creation of collagen and elastin slows
• The combination of a shrinking dermis and the loss of fat in the subcutaneous layer results in wrinkling and sagging of the skin
• Reduction of fibroblasts delay wound healing
• Decrease in oil from sebaceous glands dries the skin
• Slowed melanin production whitens hair
• Hair growth slow, hairs thin and the number of follicles decreases